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Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on Pulmonary Tuberculosis Among Heads of House Hold in Diga Town, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2019
Edosa Amente Gutema,
Zelalem Keba Babure,
Frezer Bekele Gudeta
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 5, September 2021
Pages:
142-148
Received:
12 August 2021
Accepted:
30 August 2021
Published:
6 September 2021
Abstract: Ethiopia ranked 7th among the 22 high burden globally. TB was the 3rd leading cause of hospitalization and the 1st leading cause of death in Ethiopia. Lack of appropriate knowledge and attitude of peoples about PTB affects the health seeking of patients and sustain the transmission of the disease. Objectives of this study was to assess knowledge, Attitude and practice of heads of households of the community towards PTB. A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in Diga town, East Wollega, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2019. A pre-tested structure questionnaire was prepared to obtain necessary information after getting both written and verbal consent from concerned bodies. The data was collected by using quantitative methods. The collected data was checked daily for the completeness and consistency calculation of proportion and other appropriate statistical tests was done and interpretation was reached accordingly. A total of 280 respondents with response rate of 97.6% and mean age of 32.9 years were included in the study. Cough more than two weeks 69.4% was the most common symptom known by the respondents. 88.2% were aware that TB could spread to others 69.8% air borne transmission. 45.4% of the participants aware that TB is caused by bacteria/germ. 53.2% of the respondents had good knowledge and 52.6% had poor attitude 57.5% respondents had good practice as well. The study participants had good knowledge of TB but there were several misconceptions regarding the cause of TB that need to be clarified. Community based programs on TB awareness need to be increased among young people and less educated groups. The study participants had good attitude and good practice.
Abstract: Ethiopia ranked 7th among the 22 high burden globally. TB was the 3rd leading cause of hospitalization and the 1st leading cause of death in Ethiopia. Lack of appropriate knowledge and attitude of peoples about PTB affects the health seeking of patients and sustain the transmission of the disease. Objectives of this study was to assess knowledge, A...
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Burnout Among Postgraduate Medical Students in Tertiary Hospital
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 5, September 2021
Pages:
149-153
Received:
20 June 2021
Accepted:
6 August 2021
Published:
8 September 2021
Abstract: Medical education is highly stressful, stepping into a new environment, huge course syllabus which has to be mastered in a short period of time besides continuous assessments, examinations and other social and personal issues makes medical student prone to develop negative emotional symptoms. Burnout is a type of psychological stress. Occupational burnout or job burnout is characterized by exhaustion, lack of enthusiasm and motivation, feelings of ineffectiveness, and also may have the dimension of frustration or cynicism, and as a result reduced efficacy within the workplace. To assess the burnout of postgraduate medical students of tertiary level hospital. A cross sectional study was conducted on 198 medical students at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH) in Kathmandu. Socio- Demographic Performa and Maslach Burnout Inventory were psychometric tools used. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), Inc., and Chicago, IL, USA version 21 for windows was used. Among 198 postgraduate medical students, 52% (N= 112) had severe level of burnout present. Burnout was divided into respective sub- scale of personal accomplishment, depersonalization and emotional exhaustion, where 29% had severe level of depersonalization, 28% had severe level of emotional exhaustion and 25% of them had higher level of personal accomplishment. These measures were administered to 198 post graduate medical students (male=107, female=91) at Tribhuwan University Teaching hospital. Among the participants, more than half of them had been burnout.
Abstract: Medical education is highly stressful, stepping into a new environment, huge course syllabus which has to be mastered in a short period of time besides continuous assessments, examinations and other social and personal issues makes medical student prone to develop negative emotional symptoms. Burnout is a type of psychological stress. Occupational ...
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Determinants of Mixed Infant Feeding Practice Among HIV Positive Mothers Attending PMTCT and ART Services in Southern Ethiopia: A Case-control Study
Beminet Moges Gebremariam,
Ermias Abera Tiruse,
Biruk Assefa Kebede,
Million Mohammed Asfaw
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 5, September 2021
Pages:
154-161
Received:
23 May 2021
Accepted:
8 July 2021
Published:
14 September 2021
Abstract: Background and aim: Infant feeding practices recommended to mothers known to be living with HIV should support the greatest likelihood of the HIV-free survival of their children and not harm the health of mothers. HIV positive women are confused about feeding methods and mixed feeding continued to be widespread. The determinant of infant mixed feeding practice among HIV positive mothers is not well studied in Ethiopia. The aim of the study is to assess the determinants of mixed infant feeding practice among HIV Positive Mothers in Southern Ethiopia. Methods: Unmatched case-control study was conducted among HIV positive mothers at selected ART centers of Southern Ethiopia. A total of 276 mothers children pair; 92 cases and 184 controls, were enrolled in the study. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data and EPI info version 3.5.3 statistical software used to enter data and analysis was done using SPSS version 20software. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was carried out to identify the determinants of mixed feeding practice of HIV positive mothers. Result: Determinants which are significantly associated with mixed infant feeding practice of HIV positive mothers were: Age group 15-35years (AOR=3.90; 95% CI: 1.59-9.56); Home delivered mothers (AOR=8.79; 95% CI: 3.08, 25.10); HIV diagnosed five and above years ago (AOR=1.85; 95% CI: 1.02-3.39) and WHO Clinical stage I (AOR=2.47; 95% CI: 1.23, 4.94). Conclusion: The study concludes that, age of the mother, place of delivery, duration since mother HIV diagnosed, and WHO clinical stage of the mother was identified as determining factors of mixed infant feeding practice. There is a positive relationship between HIV test results of infants and mixed feeding practice of HIV positive mothers. An integrated infant feeding counseling with a practical demonstration is needed to foster HIV positive mother’s practice on infant feeding options. Moreover, enhancement of health facility delivery, HIV care service through the implementation of new WHO Infant feeding global guidelines was critically mandatory for the HIV free survival of children.
Abstract: Background and aim: Infant feeding practices recommended to mothers known to be living with HIV should support the greatest likelihood of the HIV-free survival of their children and not harm the health of mothers. HIV positive women are confused about feeding methods and mixed feeding continued to be widespread. The determinant of infant mixed feed...
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Assessment of the Prevalence of Menstrual Complications with Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding Menstruation of Rural Girls in Jashore, Bangladesh
Mst. Sharmin Sultana,
Arafat Hassan Razon,
Mohammad Tanvir Sarwar,
Tanvir Ahmad
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 5, September 2021
Pages:
162-168
Received:
11 August 2021
Accepted:
24 August 2021
Published:
16 September 2021
Abstract: Context: Menstruation is one of the most basic characteristic features of girls and inadequate knowledge of adolescent girls about menstruation can result in faulty menstrual hygiene management (MHM) and inappropriate dietary management both of these can causes diseases which is a major threat for adolescent health in developing countries like Bangladesh. Aim: To identify current knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to menstruation and menstrual hygiene management (MHM) among adolescent girls. Settings and Design: It is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in Jashore, Bangladesh. Methods and Materials: A pre-formed, pre-tested questionnaire was used. The questionnaire-based survey was conducted among randomly selected 250 adolescent girls between 10 and 19 years. Statistical analysis used: Data were analyzed statistically by Microsoft office excels and SPSS windows version 16 software programs. Results: Among 250 adolescent girls majority had their menarche between 12 and 15 years of age, 70% of adolescent girls of this study belonged to lower class families. This study revealed that 85% of the respondents had regular menstruation whereas 15% had irregular menstruations also. Most of them faced different types of Premenstrual syndrome including 76% from headache, 80% from lower abdominal pain, and 62.5% from fatigue and weakness. Only 56% had previous knowledge about puberty before attaining menarche. There was a statistically significant correlation between the mother’s education and the knowledge of participants about menstruation at puberty. All the participants used to bath and wash hand after changing pads whereas 80.8% used to avoid all types of exercises. Almost 94% of respondents used to dispose of their napkins properly. The micro-nutrient deficiency was also common; especially 49.2% were suffering from Iron deficiency and 69.6% from folic acids deficiency. Conclusion: Awareness programs regarding both menstrual hygiene and dietary management can aid to alleviate some complications during puberty and ensure better health for adolescent girls.
Abstract: Context: Menstruation is one of the most basic characteristic features of girls and inadequate knowledge of adolescent girls about menstruation can result in faulty menstrual hygiene management (MHM) and inappropriate dietary management both of these can causes diseases which is a major threat for adolescent health in developing countries like Bang...
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Inpatient Treatment - a Matter of Social Background in Germany
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 5, September 2021
Pages:
169-172
Received:
12 September 2021
Accepted:
29 September 2021
Published:
12 October 2021
Abstract: Hospital financing in Germany is based on the principle of "dual financing": the operating costs of the hospitals, i.e. all costs that arise for treating patients, are financed by the health insurance companies. The investment costs, however, are financed by the federal states. The remuneration of the hospitals by the health insurance companies is based on the DRG system, which is a flat-rate billing system in which inpatient hospital treatments are billed as flat-rate fees, largely regardless of the length of the patient's stay. The DRG system is currently the subject of criticism because it makes it more difficult for children's clinics to cover costs, especially in pediatrics. On the basis of hospital billing data, there is a connection between the socio-economic status of a family and the likelihood of hospitalization in the event of a child's illness. The likelihood of inpatient treatment for certain pediatric diseases is significantly higher in economically weaker federal states. A proportionately higher inpatient treatment capacity is available in the affected federal states for this higher need. Should the poor financial situation of the federal states lead to the number of beds being rationed, the quality of care will deteriorate, especially for these children.
Abstract: Hospital financing in Germany is based on the principle of "dual financing": the operating costs of the hospitals, i.e. all costs that arise for treating patients, are financed by the health insurance companies. The investment costs, however, are financed by the federal states. The remuneration of the hospitals by the health insurance companies is ...
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Household Water Treatment and Storage Practices Among Residents in Mogadishu Somalia
Fatima Hassan Adam,
Abdirizak Mohamud Yusuf,
Mohamed Ahmed Alasow,
Said Hussein Gedi
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 5, September 2021
Pages:
173-179
Received:
22 September 2021
Accepted:
14 October 2021
Published:
28 October 2021
Abstract: Background: Consumption of contaminated water can affect human health and even lead to high morbidity and mortality, particularly among under-five children. Thus, determining household water treatment and proper management is vital to eliminate contamination. This study aimed to assess the household water treatment and storage practices among Warta-Nabada residents in Mogadishu, Somalia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 386 households from the April to June 2018 period. A multistage cluster sampling technique was used to select sample units from the households to obtain accurate data. Data were collected using structured questionnaires. Also, SPSS version 21 was used for data entry and analysis, respectively. The univariate, bivariate, and multivariate levels were analyzed to see a significant association between variables. The statistical significance was declared at a value < 0.05 with 95% confidence intervals in the final model. Results: The majority of participants, 291 (75.4%), used plastic containers for water storage at a household level, while 48 (12.4%) used clay pots, followed by 47 (12.2%) cement tanks. Most containers used for water storage were plastic containers due to their availability and low cost. Participants who had containers were 227 (58.8%). Approximately 114 (29.5%) had two containers. The number of people who practice boiling water was relatively low (15.8%). The distance of the water source from household 143 (37.0%) were more than 50 meters, regards to methods for water treatment, 91 (23.6%) were used for chlorination, and 61 (15.8%) were used for boiling, but 45 (11.7%) were used for filtration, and 22 (5.7%) used solar disinfection as well. Therefore, the most common water treatment method used was chlorination, accounting for (23.6%) of the total water treated. Conclusion: According to the results, it can be concluded there were significant variables for age, marital status, occupational, and education of the husband of the household water treatment level. When there was a high risk of acute water diarrhea or cholera, drinking water chlorination, boiling, and filtration were the most common household water treatment practices. Among a group of good practices, there were (73%) while the poor practices group had (27%). However, the majority of residents practice precisely. This study recommended developing a comprehensive national plan for scaling up the household water treatment system with a holistic approach, allowing adequate service provision and addressing the need to provide for the most vulnerable groups with better practices.
Abstract: Background: Consumption of contaminated water can affect human health and even lead to high morbidity and mortality, particularly among under-five children. Thus, determining household water treatment and proper management is vital to eliminate contamination. This study aimed to assess the household water treatment and storage practices among Warta...
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