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Perception of Criminal Insecurity in Vulnerable Districts in Latin America
Macarena Rau,
Francisco Gatica,
Iván Cartes,
Thimothy Pascoe,
Víctor Carrasco
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, December 2019
Pages:
121-135
Received:
4 August 2019
Accepted:
5 October 2019
Published:
26 October 2019
Abstract: Latin America, the world's most criminogenic region from the perspective of intentional homicide, is also the region with the highest perception of criminal insecurity. This situation negatively affects the quality of life of its inhabitants, influencing their decisions on the use of certain public spaces or the possibility of avoiding them due to the fear of being victims of a crime. This comparative analysis of three cases of intervention through situational prevention strategies and Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design at the residential level, both in Chile and Honduras, seeks to establish the existence of a relationship between the socio-spatial modification of the environment and the impact generated from the implementation of these strategies in the levels of victimization, on the perception of insecurity and on the degree of social cohesion of the communities with which we work directly. To achieve this objective, a section was first developed with the main theoretical backgrounds related to Urban Security and the methodological proposal to measure the impact generated by situational prevention strategies and CPTED on intervened areas of the countries already mentioned. Then, the methodology used in this research is presented, which consists of three case studies with similar characteristics to each other, where each of these areas will also have their respective control group. It also includes the information collection techniques used, the design of the samples and the type of research to which this study corresponds. The analysis of the data allowed progress towards preliminary results, which are obtained mainly through the use of descriptive statistics, that is, by crossing variables relevant to the objectives of the research. While for the elaboration of conclusive results, inferential statistics were used through "chi-square", which led to the generation of statistically significant associations between variables, thus allowing evidence to be available impact generated by situational prevention methods and CPTED on the urban safety of the localities involved in both Chile and Honduras.
Abstract: Latin America, the world's most criminogenic region from the perspective of intentional homicide, is also the region with the highest perception of criminal insecurity. This situation negatively affects the quality of life of its inhabitants, influencing their decisions on the use of certain public spaces or the possibility of avoiding them due to ...
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Transforming Urban Economy with ‘Eds and Meds’: Inspirations from the Texas Medical Center (TMC)
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, December 2019
Pages:
136-143
Received:
1 November 2019
Published:
3 December 2019
Abstract: Globalization has transformed urban economy from production of materials to production of knowledge. The knowledge economy in the cities in return demands an increasingly skilled and educated workforce. Understanding that cities are and will continue to be the foundation for economic growth, one immediate challenge is to look for economic engines that help this transformation in cities. At the same time, cities in the US offered a unique perspective through ‘Eds and Meds’. Due to breakthroughs in medical research and the growing density of cities, hospital campuses are demanded to expand in size and diversity of programs. The resulting campus as an urban typology integrates medical care, medical schools and research institutes. Anchoring upon service-industry, this typology promotes urban development through increased level of economic activities related to healthcare industry. Examples of such strategy can be widely found across the US geography. This paper identifies the Texas Medical Center (TMC) in Houston as the case study to further examine the underlying mechanisms of such typology. The case study dives into the history of the development of the TMC, then, drawing upon statistics, theorizes the critical foundations for the success of TMC through the principles of agglomeration effects. Based on these findings from the Texas Medical Center, this paper also outlines recommendations on key elements essential for adopting ‘Eds and Meds’ for urban development.
Abstract: Globalization has transformed urban economy from production of materials to production of knowledge. The knowledge economy in the cities in return demands an increasingly skilled and educated workforce. Understanding that cities are and will continue to be the foundation for economic growth, one immediate challenge is to look for economic engines t...
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Spatial and Temporal Principles and Methods of the Historical Urban Environment Composition Transformations
Margaryta Didichenko,
Irina Bulakh,
Olena Kozakova
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, December 2019
Pages:
144-151
Received:
29 October 2019
Accepted:
23 November 2019
Published:
4 December 2019
Abstract: The composition development of the historical urban environment is relevant and requires constant improvement and research conducted on the identification and analysis of internal morphological patterns basis. In order to systematize analytical knowledge and skills in determining the nature of urban changes and operation with a historical context, a system of four principles of spatial and temporal compositional transformations is proposed, describing previously revealed patterns of urban development, based on the characteristic processes of change and growth of the composition. Two methods are substantiated according to each of the principles which are designed to give a logical description of the means of embodying the systematic change of the urban planning composition, as well as to determine the immediate processes and ways of development of the composition structure. In order to remain the internal interpreting related processes logic, the article structure is formed by blocks, each defines the exact principle and justifies the two corresponded methods. Thus the principle of spatial scale is marked by a regulated controlled growth of urban planning, which is characterized by spatial scaling methods and the uniformity of structural changes. The principle of the structure balance is described by the processes of self-organized systematic stabilization of the urban composition. It corresponds to the methods of the parts comparison and system stabilization. The principle of systemic rhythmicity is determined by the internal qualitative processes of concentrating on the development of planning design and structuring of the beforehand created composite elements. It is characterized by the methods of regular alternation and the system hierarchy. The principle of compositional harmony is based on the processes of planning system external oriented adaptation and the conformity of the created composition to the principles of sustainable development. It is implemented by the methods of spatial proportionality and the evolutionary integrity of the system. For illustrates the interconnectedness of the principles, characteristic processes and patterns of spatial composition development, general compositional techniques, appropriate methods and parameters of spatial modifications of the planning structure, it is suggested to place all the data in the correlation table. This enables further methodical identifying of the inherent features and to identify the appropriate principles and methods of compositional modifications within the consideration of the new urban planning case. These research conclusions may be used in the creation of further well-founded study recommendations, which can be implemented in the renovation and revitalization of urban spatial structures projects.
Abstract: The composition development of the historical urban environment is relevant and requires constant improvement and research conducted on the identification and analysis of internal morphological patterns basis. In order to systematize analytical knowledge and skills in determining the nature of urban changes and operation with a historical context, ...
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Empirical Research on Innovation Cluster Area Planning Based on Collaborative Innovation Theory
Yuye Zhou,
Yukun Li,
Yi Wang
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, December 2019
Pages:
152-161
Received:
3 November 2019
Published:
12 December 2019
Abstract: Innovation has become one of the main driving forces of social and economic development, and innovation clusters are crucial supporters for innovative development. Introducing collaborative innovation theory, this paper proposes an important mechanism for the implementation of innovation, and it has theoretical guiding significance for the interpretation and optimization of the spatial effects of innovation clusters. Based on an analysis of the operational mechanisms of collaborative innovation, we explain the formation mechanism and spatial law of innovation clusters from the aspects of innovation environment, innovation subject and collaborative innovation relationship. Then, taking the Dream Town of the Yuhang District in Hangzhou, China, as an example, this paper studies the mechanism of collaborative innovation effects, specifically in physical space design and policy making. With the goal of promoting innovative development, this paper analyzes the influencing factors and mechanisms of the collaborative innovation effect from the aspects of strategic orientation, knowledge integration and innovation and environmental collaboration. At the same time, it summarizes the existing problems of the base, and proposes three aspects: policy orientation, university cooperation and space optimization. The corresponding optimization strategy aims to drive the synergistic innovation effect from the aspects of space and policy, and to provide the impetus for the economic development of the innovation cluster. Through collaborative innovation, we can form a better protection and support environment for innovation subjects, and each of them can break the boundaries of departments, units and industries to achieve the optimal allocation of innovative resources. Collaborative innovation theory is an important theoretical tool to explain the development mechanism and cooperation mode of the innovation cluster area, and also has important guiding significance for the physical planning and construction of innovation clusters.
Abstract: Innovation has become one of the main driving forces of social and economic development, and innovation clusters are crucial supporters for innovative development. Introducing collaborative innovation theory, this paper proposes an important mechanism for the implementation of innovation, and it has theoretical guiding significance for the interpre...
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Information Technology Support for Rural Homestay Product Innovation: Text Analysis Based on User Comments
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, December 2019
Pages:
162-167
Received:
18 November 2019
Published:
12 December 2019
Abstract: Rural tourism has an increasingly significant impact on the design of homestay. Big date analysis of tourists’ feedback information should improve the environment art design and promote the innovation of homestay, which provides technical support for design decisions. The research obtains user comment information on the tourism service network platform by the help of web page crawl software. Using ROST CM6 software, text analysis was conducted with the big date of user comment. The results show that the semantic network of tourist comments presents a significant hierarchical relationship. The connection between "homestay", "host", "room" and other nodes is significantly higher than other nodes, so they are important nodes in the network. "Homestay" and its connections can be concluded with three theme categories that constitute the overall dimension of tourists' perception of homestay, among which tourists pay more attention to location. "Room" and its connections present rich perceptual colors, showing the delicacy and comprehensiveness of the tourists' physical sensory experience. "Host" and its connections represent the reception service of homelands. "Luggage", "meal" and "attitude" are the key indicators to evaluate the service quality of the host. From the text analysis, the tourist image perception of homestay facilities is composed of two dimensions: material space and reception service. Tourists’ cognition of material space is divided into overall dimension and special dimension. The overall dimension focuses on rational cognition, while the specific dimension focuses on perceptual cognition. The study points out: the homestays presents transition from art design to product design; Constructing the frame of image structure of homestay is the basis of implementing design management; Big data analysis technology can be used to construct image frames and produce design decisions.
Abstract: Rural tourism has an increasingly significant impact on the design of homestay. Big date analysis of tourists’ feedback information should improve the environment art design and promote the innovation of homestay, which provides technical support for design decisions. The research obtains user comment information on the tourism service network plat...
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