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A Spatial Regional Planning Assessment for Green Development Towards Ecotourism with Use of MCDA/SAW Method (Case Study: Spanish Rural Housings)
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 4, November 2016
Pages:
69-76
Received:
13 October 2016
Accepted:
31 October 2016
Published:
19 November 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.urp.20160104.11
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Abstract: In the late 20th century, Spanish rural areas are under increasing pressure of illegal construction sprawls and human movements: the areas are also affecting to its ecological consequences. Particularly, the conflict in ecotourism areas between rapid urban development and environmental conservation urgently needs to be addressed due to their regional geographical characteristics. This paper presents a spatial and sustainable planning approach, identifying rural housings’ suitability maps in a case study area, La Vera, Spain. Evaluation criteria determine a spatial data management with a grading system, based on constraints, tourism resource, environmental and social-economic criteria that are supporting economic opportunities, environmental conservation, local municipal benefits and efficient management of ecotourism. The method presented herein is an integrated application using the multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) based on the understanding of all possible aspects and implications, applied for weight coefficients calculation of the criteria according to their impact and sensitivity. Six constraints and twelve criteria were assessed in the process of computation, categorized into four groups. Then, with the assistance of the simple additive weighting (SAW), the final housings’ suitability map is assessed for the case study area on grading scale of 0 to 255. Here, it displays that 7.99% of La Vera has a most suitable area for sustainable and resilient housings planning after considering their stable sensitive analysis. Therefore, the proposed planning method and the results measuring regional geographical characteristics can be used for policy and decision making process of sustainable and resilient housing planning towards ecotourism at all government levels and private sectors. Moreover, this approach can extend to similar geographical conditions and situations for verifying suitable housings planning suitability.
Abstract: In the late 20th century, Spanish rural areas are under increasing pressure of illegal construction sprawls and human movements: the areas are also affecting to its ecological consequences. Particularly, the conflict in ecotourism areas between rapid urban development and environmental conservation urgently needs to be addressed due to their region...
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The Infrastructural Development and Commercialization of Smallholder Dairy Farming in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya
Moses Ageya Kembe,
Charles Ochola Omondi
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 4, November 2016
Pages:
77-85
Received:
4 August 2016
Accepted:
1 November 2016
Published:
23 November 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.urp.20160104.12
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Abstract: Inadequate transportation infrastructure raises search and monitoring costs. The degree of the farmers particularly the smallholder farmers participation in the markets is usually affected by the state of infrastructure. The smallholder dairy producers in Uasin Gishu County, in the commercialization process are as follows: 70% subsistence, 20% semi-commercialized and 10% commercialized. This indicates that smallholder dairy producers are mainly subsistence-oriented with commercial orientation being uncommon. Therefore, commercialization of smallholder dairy farming is still low despite the concern given by the Government and other development partners in transforming the prevalent subsistence smallholder dairy farming to competitive, commercial and sustainable dairy industry that will lead to economic growth, poverty alleviation, wealth and employment creation. This may be influenced by infrastructural development in the study area. The objective of this paper therefore was to assess the influence of infrastructural development on commercialization of smallholder dairy farming. The paper utilized descriptive research design in which a sample size of 384 respondents was selected using stratified random sampling technique. Primary data was collected using structured questionnaires, focused group discussions, and key informants. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient; Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and multiple regressions) with Household Commercialization Index (HCI) being the dependent variable. The results of the study revealed that infrastructural development have significant influence on commercialization of smallholder dairy farming. In view of the results, it is recommended that the County Government of Uasin Gishu in consultation with policy makers; planners; smallholder dairy producers and other players in dairy farming should formulate policies, strategies, projects and programs that address the influence of infrastructural development issues for increased level of dairy commercialization and hence sustainable rural development.
Abstract: Inadequate transportation infrastructure raises search and monitoring costs. The degree of the farmers particularly the smallholder farmers participation in the markets is usually affected by the state of infrastructure. The smallholder dairy producers in Uasin Gishu County, in the commercialization process are as follows: 70% subsistence, 20% semi...
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Gender Participation and Commercialization of Smallholder Dairy Farming in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya
Moses Ageya. Kembe,
Charles Ochola Omondi
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 4, November 2016
Pages:
86-96
Received:
4 August 2016
Accepted:
1 November 2016
Published:
23 November 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.urp.20160104.13
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Abstract: The women dairy farmers play crucial in dairy farming though they usually have limited access to land, financial resources and other resources for production. In developing countries, over 75% of the poor are rural smallholder producers who derive their livelihoods primarily from agriculture. Kenyan smallholder dairy producers constitute 80% of the dairy producers out of which 61% are women. Smallholder dairy producers produce about 80% of total milk production and 70% of the total milk marketed. Therefore, smallholder dairy producers have their livelihoods majorly dependent on dairy farming. Thus, commercializing smallholder dairy farming will be an important pathway out of rural poverty and will be a powerful tool for the improvement and sustainability of livelihoods of smallholder dairy producers. In Uasin Gishu County, the proportion of smallholder dairy producers in the commercialization scale is 70% subsistence, 20% semi-commercialized and 10% commercialized. This therefore, indicates that commercialization level is still low and variable. This may be contributed by the influences of gender participation in smallholder dairy farming. The objective of this paper therefore was to establish the influence of Gender participation on commercialization of smallholder dairy farming. Descriptive research design was used to obtain primary data through a sample size of 384 smallholder dairy producers who were selected using stratified random sampling technique. Data analysis procedures used includes: mean, standard deviation, Pearson correlation coefficient, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and multiple regressions. Results obtained indicate that gender participation has significant influence on commercialization of smallholder dairy farming. It is therefore recommended that the Government of Uasin Gishu County together with policy makers; planners; smallholder dairy producers and other relevant stakeholders in the dairy value chain in the County should formulate policies, strategies and design programs and projects that will address the influence of gender participation in order to achieve sustainable rural development in the County and Kenya.
Abstract: The women dairy farmers play crucial in dairy farming though they usually have limited access to land, financial resources and other resources for production. In developing countries, over 75% of the poor are rural smallholder producers who derive their livelihoods primarily from agriculture. Kenyan smallholder dairy producers constitute 80% of the...
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Recognition of the Elements of Power in Ancient Architecture
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 4, November 2016
Pages:
97-104
Received:
16 October 2016
Accepted:
12 December 2016
Published:
12 January 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.urp.20160104.14
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Abstract: Whenever man defines power, it means the condition that the individual would be able to do something with it. However, according to sociologists, power refers to various perspectives. In this study, “power in political sociology” has been discussed and according to Bertrand Russell, power has been interpreted on the basis of its effects and in this perspective, it is dated past and it has made its way within architecture over the timed and it was initially proposed for monumental architecture. This simple structure represented the power of kings through their tombs and it has been gradually more complex. Then, in 1849, John Ruskin introduced The Seven Lamps of Architecture and he almost recognized power as the most important and influential relation between an architectural idea and its observer. The study aimed to recognize the elements of power in architecture. Firstly, power and its types and also, those parts of its may include architecture according to sociology were examined and finally, those indicators and elements which can be referred as the elements of power in architecture, were recognized and categorized studying global works registered in the UNESCO. In the present study, the research methodology is qualitative and it was performed through content analysis using library studies.
Abstract: Whenever man defines power, it means the condition that the individual would be able to do something with it. However, according to sociologists, power refers to various perspectives. In this study, “power in political sociology” has been discussed and according to Bertrand Russell, power has been interpreted on the basis of its effects and in this...
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