Gouvernance of Rural Land in Pissa in Lobaye in the Central African Republic
Ngana Felix,
Kevis Kossi Landry
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 6, December 2022
Pages:
126-136
Received:
7 October 2022
Accepted:
24 October 2022
Published:
15 December 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.sr.20221006.11
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Abstract: The Central African Republic is an agricultural country where almost 80% of the population lives from agriculture. In Pissa, land represents an inalienable wealth for farmers. This work consists in analyzing the governance of rural land in Pissa, a commune of the Prefecture of Lobaye in the Central African Republic. The participatory method was used to collect field data. It made it possible to bring together the actors and, with the help of an interview, to collect relevant information and process it within the framework of this study. It appears from the analysis that it is from the land that the peasants derive most of their subsistence. The economic, cultural and food utility has pushed the rural population of Pisa to develop "customary law" so as to ensure the good management of the land. It is clear that urbanization punctuated by state power eventually imposes multi-legalism, jeopardizing customary law. The city of Pissa begins to restructure. The actions of the cadaster services are multiplying through housing estates in a purely rural space. We are witnessing the diversification of actors in land governance. Distant less than 100 kilometers from the city of Bangui, Pissa suffers the perverse effects of the multiple military-political conflicts that the capital of the Central African Republic is experiencing. The consequences of this confrontation are legion. The creation of small-scale forest companies in the area has led to an increase in the number of conflicts between these actors. The urbanization of the municipality of Pissa ensures the dynamics of customary modes of governance of rural land. The multiplicity of actors is at the origin of the diversification of land conflicts in Pissa. The sustainable governance of rural land is a better indicator of the economic emergence of the countryside in the Central African Republic. The objective of this study is to determine the conditions for good agricultural land governance in Pissa to ensure sustainable management of land resources.
Abstract: The Central African Republic is an agricultural country where almost 80% of the population lives from agriculture. In Pissa, land represents an inalienable wealth for farmers. This work consists in analyzing the governance of rural land in Pissa, a commune of the Prefecture of Lobaye in the Central African Republic. The participatory method was use...
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Theoretical Base of Pseudo Chemical Potential (PCP) Method
Jong Ryong Ju,
Kim Tong Il,
Jon Yung,
Yun Hak Sung,
Kim Gyong Nam,
Choi Sung Il,
Han Gwang Bok,
An Ryong Nam
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 6, December 2022
Pages:
137-143
Received:
28 September 2022
Accepted:
8 December 2022
Published:
10 January 2023
Abstract: Pseudo chemical potential (PCP) method is a novel one based on the thermodynamic formalization, and the purpose of this work is to clarify theoretical base of PCP method and to perfect PCP method into a novel method for molecular calculation. Therefore, it is very important to clarify validity of thermodynamic formalization that becomes principle and methodology of this method for achievement of its purpose. The thermodynamic formalization in molecular calculation is to achieve molecular calculation by using principle and methodology of thermodynamics. In order to apply the method of thermodynamic formalization in molecular calculation, it must be clarified that molecule (atom) electron system, computational object of PCP method, can be considered to be “thermodynamic system”. In this paper, we have clarified the temperature zero limit (TZL) state of a finite temperature thermal equilibrium system, as physical base of the pseudo chemical potential (PCP) method, having thermodynamic properties and therefore being the research object of thermodynamic formalism. Furthermore, we have proved an existence of energy minimization principle, as the theoretical base of PCP method, and from it derived the variation equation and defined the electron charge distribution equation, and on the basis of it analyzed theoretically the electronegativity equalization principle. Resultantly, herein we have demonstrated theoretical validity of PCP method, as a novel method for calculation of molecular energies and charge distributions.
Abstract: Pseudo chemical potential (PCP) method is a novel one based on the thermodynamic formalization, and the purpose of this work is to clarify theoretical base of PCP method and to perfect PCP method into a novel method for molecular calculation. Therefore, it is very important to clarify validity of thermodynamic formalization that becomes principle a...
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