-
Survey of Major Wheat Diseases in South Eastern Ethiopia
Getnet Muche Abebele,
Alemu Ayele Zerihun,
Tamirat Negash
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 4, August 2021
Pages:
46-50
Received:
4 May 2021
Accepted:
1 July 2021
Published:
9 July 2021
Abstract: Wheat foliar mainly rusts, and root and foot diseases are important biological constraints to wheat production in Ethiopia especially in Arsi and West Arsi - main wheat belt areas of Ethiopia. Both fungal diseases incurred huge economic losses annually. In 2020 main growing season, assessment was carried out with the stress to ascertain the state of major foliar, root and foot diseases of wheat in Arsi and West Arsi zones of Ethiopia. The assessment result showed yellow rust, septoria leaf blotch and stem rust diseases among foliar; fusarium head blight from spike diseases; eyespot and take all from foot and root were found prevalent. The incidence of foliar diseases viz septoria leaf blotch, yellow and stem rust was 100%, 92.7% and 11.8% respectively. While take all and eyespot were observed 52.4% and 48.5% in the same order. Unlike its incidence, maximum disease severity was caused by yellow rust with higher epidemics on Kubsa and Ogolcho varieties that occupied largest volume in assessed farms. Take- all and eyespots were observed on fields where continuous monocropping is practiced with severity ranges of 0-5 and 0-3 respectively. Thus, it is advisable that much works are needed to train producers to use up-to-date released wheat varieties in order to reduce rust diseases and conduct crop rotation and residue management for the control of foot and root diseases thereby decline associated yield losses.
Abstract: Wheat foliar mainly rusts, and root and foot diseases are important biological constraints to wheat production in Ethiopia especially in Arsi and West Arsi - main wheat belt areas of Ethiopia. Both fungal diseases incurred huge economic losses annually. In 2020 main growing season, assessment was carried out with the stress to ascertain the state o...
Show More
-
Routine Histopathology for Resected Gallbladder Specimens: Outcomes and Cost-benefit Analysis at a District General Hospital, Retrospective Cohort Study
Aboutaleb Esam,
Saleh Fatima,
Pore Naresh,
Raje Durgesh,
Mitsopoulos Grigos,
Sheth Hemant
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 4, August 2021
Pages:
51-54
Received:
21 June 2021
Accepted:
2 July 2021
Published:
15 July 2021
Abstract: Routine histopathological assessment of resected gallbladder specimens is a common practice in the UK. However, the incidence of incidental gallbladder cancer is low and there is a debate over whether selective histopathology is more appropriate. Here we aim to identify the incidence of malignant and pre-malignant disease upon routine histological analysis of gallbladder specimens in Ealing hospital. We conducted a retrospective analysis of gallbladder histopathology reports was performed for all patients undergoing cholecystectomy at Ealing Hospital between June 2011 and December 2018. Demographic information, operative findings, pathology results, staging, treatment and outcome information were collected for each case of malignant or pre-malignant disease. The total financial cost of histopathological analysis of resected specimens was calculated. A total of 1,612 patients underwent cholecystectomy with histopathological assessment of the resected specimen. The majority of specimens showed chronic cholecystitis 71.3%. Acute cholecystitis 28.1%. Gall bladder polyps found in two patients 0.12%. Low grade dysplasia was identified in three patients 0.19% while high grade dysplasia was identified in two patients 0.12%, and malignant disease was reported in three patients 0.19%, two patients had stage 2 and one had stage 3 gall bladder cancer. All cases of malignant disease were identified by the surgeon intra-operatively on gross inspection. The cost of routine histopathological analysis was £128 per patient. The incidence of pre-malignant or malignant gallbladder disease after cholecystectomy is rare. A selective approach to histopathological assessment, based on patient age, clinical presentation and intra-operative findings, will provide a financial and labour cost saving.
Abstract: Routine histopathological assessment of resected gallbladder specimens is a common practice in the UK. However, the incidence of incidental gallbladder cancer is low and there is a debate over whether selective histopathology is more appropriate. Here we aim to identify the incidence of malignant and pre-malignant disease upon routine histological ...
Show More
-
Impacts of Migration on the Economy of North-East Nigeria
Omeh Paul Hezekiah,
Tobechukwu C. Leo-Nnoli,
Abada Ifeanyichukwu Michael
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 4, August 2021
Pages:
55-60
Received:
10 March 2021
Accepted:
30 March 2021
Published:
18 August 2021
Abstract: Nigeria as a nation state has shared in the threats caused by globalism. North-Eastern region of Nigeria has in the last couple of years, been witnessing serial outward movement of its population to other neighboring countries. This is perceived as a result of lag on the nature and configuration of Nigerian security engagements which is at the verge of losing war against Boko Haram. More worrisome is the continued decline in the economies of the region due to quantum exit of their labour force to other destinations. The focus of the study is to examine the pull-push variables that had implicated the mass exodus of the labour force, the implications of their exodus on the economy of the region, and the institutional framework designed to revamp their economy. The paper adopted qualitative method, and data were generated through secondary sources and analyzed using content-analysis. The theoretical framework for the study was the Routine Activity Theory (RAT), as propounded by Cohen and Felson, and validated through the empirical works of Clarke and Felson, Felson and Clarke, and Felson. The findings of the study revealed that despite the exerted efforts by government through its institutions, the North-east region has continued to witness mass exodus of people from region, and this has affected the labour force and economic growth of the zone. The paper strongly recommends among others: proactive and total overhauling of the security architecture in the area, as well as establishment of a formidable economic recovery plan/ actions for the zone.
Abstract: Nigeria as a nation state has shared in the threats caused by globalism. North-Eastern region of Nigeria has in the last couple of years, been witnessing serial outward movement of its population to other neighboring countries. This is perceived as a result of lag on the nature and configuration of Nigerian security engagements which is at the verg...
Show More
-
Contribution to the Improvement of a Tomato Puree Dosing Machine
Edmond Claude Vodounnou,
Guy Clarence Semassou,
Roger Ahouansou,
Priscille Yadonta
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 4, August 2021
Pages:
61-68
Received:
21 July 2021
Accepted:
10 August 2021
Published:
18 August 2021
Abstract: This article deals with the contribution to the improvement of a tomato puree dosing machine to facilitate the bottling of the puree during the tomato processing. Indeed, tomato processing is a way to reduce losses and extend its shelf life, while preserving its organoleptic characteristics as well as possible. However, we found that the production capacity is low compared to the demand because of the lack of financial means but also because of the laboriousness of the processing. Indeed, after reduction of the tomato in puree, its bottling is the longest and the most exhausting operation of the transformation process. To date, the filling of the jars is done with the manual filling machine developed by the PTAA researchers. But the uniformity of the filling is not respected, since it is done in an approximate way by the operator. To overcome this constraint, the issue of the study and design of a dosing machine for tomato puree was addressed. At the end of our study, we end up with a motorized dosing machine affordable for all small and medium-sized processing units. The results of the study will make it possible to remedy the manual filling, which will lead to increase the output of this transformation and thus indirectly to the valorization of the local varieties of tomato.
Abstract: This article deals with the contribution to the improvement of a tomato puree dosing machine to facilitate the bottling of the puree during the tomato processing. Indeed, tomato processing is a way to reduce losses and extend its shelf life, while preserving its organoleptic characteristics as well as possible. However, we found that the production...
Show More
-
Data Management, the Pathway to Nigerian Development
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 4, August 2021
Pages:
69-74
Received:
20 November 2020
Accepted:
21 January 2021
Published:
24 August 2021
Abstract: A juxtaposition on Knowledge Economy as it relates to Nigerian economic condition where there is need to fully approach data-intensive innovations and programs in the attendant condition as it is germane to engender increased goods and services via production to an expanded GDP, economic growth cum development. An economic paradigm needed for the welfare of the citizenry, more importantly, for equitable distribution of resources as in resonance with Development Economics cum Knowledge Economy as branches of Economics that can transform an economy positively from a position of inadequate structures to a level of maximum capacity utilization, that is why this work seek to test if there is any significant relationship between data management and economic development in the selected economies by translating to increase in aggregate demand, investment and reduction in unemployment rate precisely in the developed or OECD economies relative to Nigeria as the economy in perspective. The work theoretically attempted to use Gross Domestic Product, GDP as the exogenous variable which is being impacted by data management as the endogenous variable using Ordinary Least Square, OLS methodology to evaluate if any correlating or significant relationship exist between GDP of an economy and information management in the face of feasible data policy. Therefore, this work posited that Data collection, management and storage with requisite policy in place can help the Nigerian economy achieve its full economic potential, capacity building and capacity utilization.
Abstract: A juxtaposition on Knowledge Economy as it relates to Nigerian economic condition where there is need to fully approach data-intensive innovations and programs in the attendant condition as it is germane to engender increased goods and services via production to an expanded GDP, economic growth cum development. An economic paradigm needed for the w...
Show More
