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Health and Environmental Impacts of Dyes: Mini Review
Mohamed A. Hassaan,
Ahmed El Nemr
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 3, August 2017
Pages:
64-67
Received:
10 March 2017
Accepted:
8 April 2017
Published:
18 May 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajese.20170103.11
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Abstract: The textile industry is one of the important industries which generates large amount of industrial effluents each year causing the main source of water pollution which is not only harmful for aquatic life but also mutagenic to human. The aim of this work is to give an overview on the health and environmental impact of dyes as pollutants as well as; the most recent treatment techniques of textile effluents wastewater.
Abstract: The textile industry is one of the important industries which generates large amount of industrial effluents each year causing the main source of water pollution which is not only harmful for aquatic life but also mutagenic to human. The aim of this work is to give an overview on the health and environmental impact of dyes as pollutants as well as;...
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Urban Agriculture (UA) and Its Effects on Poverty Alleviation: A Case Study of Vegetable Farming in Ibadan Metropolis, Nigeria
Remi Adeyemo,
Ayodeji Sunday Ogunleye,
Ayodeji Damilola Kehinde,
Olamide Anuoluwapo Ayodele
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 3, August 2017
Pages:
68-73
Received:
14 March 2017
Accepted:
5 April 2017
Published:
24 May 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajese.20170103.12
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Abstract: Urban agriculture is a viable option to alleviate poverty among urban dwellers especially the unemployed and low income earners that barely cope with the expensive lifestyle of urban centers. Thus, this study investigated effects of urban agriculture on poverty alleviation among vegetable farmers. Specifically, described the socio-economic characteristics of vegetable farmers, examined profitability of vegetable enterprise, assessed level of poverty among vegetable farmers, and determined factors influencing level of poverty status of vegetable farmers. A multistage sampling procedure was used to obtain data from 100 respondents for the study. Data were collected on socio-economics characteristics such as age, marital status, educational level, household size, income level and expenditure level. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, budgetary analysis, Foster, Greer, and Thorbecke (FGT) index; and Probit regression analysis. Descriptive statistics for the entire respondents showed average values of 45(±8.10) years for age, 11(±4) years for years of experience, 7(±3.5) persons for household size, and 4(±3.5) hectares for farm size. The budgetary analysis showed that average net income, benefit-cost ratios and rate of return were ₦40, 327, ₦ 2.46 and ₦ 1.50, respectively. FGT index revealed that about 30% of the sampled vegetable farmers experience poverty. Only 3.4% experience extreme poverty, while 7.9% were moderately poor. Probit estimates further revealed that factors such as net income (p<0.05), cost of labour (p<0.05), and household size (p<0.01) had significant effects poverty status of vegetable farmers in the study area. However, the study concluded that vegetable enterprise is profitable and could help to reduce poverty to a minimum level. In accordance with the findings of the study, we therefore recommend that youths should be encouraged to go into vegetable farming as it was found to reduce poverty. Also, input support services in the form of credit facilities, fertilizer and other chemicals should be provided with a view to reduce cost of labour incurred on vegetable production.
Abstract: Urban agriculture is a viable option to alleviate poverty among urban dwellers especially the unemployed and low income earners that barely cope with the expensive lifestyle of urban centers. Thus, this study investigated effects of urban agriculture on poverty alleviation among vegetable farmers. Specifically, described the socio-economic characte...
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Estimating the Amount of Carbon Dioxide Emitted Along Traffic Corridors in Eldoret Town, Uasin Gishu County, Kenya
Geofrey Kibiwott Yator,
Fatuma Daudi,
James Okinyi Manyara
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 3, August 2017
Pages:
74-84
Received:
6 March 2017
Accepted:
7 April 2017
Published:
2 June 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajese.20170103.13
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Abstract: Climate change is a major challenge in the 21st Century, as calamities and unpredictable weather changes lie on the realm of climate change. Climate change is a product of both anthropogenic and natural causes that emit greenhouse gases to the atmosphere causing a shift in climatic temperatures. Cities and towns are the main emitters of greenhouse gases -contributing 70-80% of the total global greenhouse gases. The prime solution of Greenhouse gases lies in reducing emissions or increasing carbon sinks. This paper aims at estimating the amount of carbon dioxide emitted along major traffic corridors in Eldoret town. Estimated data were obtained for carbon emission in the major emitter which is Transport sector. Data was collected at four control points on road junctions and roundabouts to the east, west, south and central of the central business district, the data collected included vehicles idling time and operating speeds, Vehicle Kilometres Travelled formulae based on the Caltrans software CT-EMFAC, was used in modelling carbon dioxide emissions on roads. An estimated total of 4693.9 tons of carbon dioxide was emitted annually from the roads. It was further observed that vehicles travel at average speeds of 10kmh apart from Control point 1 where vehicles were moving at average speeds of 20-30km/h. Emissions from motor vehicles idling were the highest contribution (93%) of the total emissions while running engines at speeds >5kmh contributed only 7% of the total emissions. Control point 2 had the highest rates of emissions during peak and off-peak hours. Pearsons correlation between speeds and fuel consumption at peak (r=-0.758) and off-peak (r= -0.762) was carried out and an inverse relationship between fuel consumption and operating speeds was observed. The research therefore recommends that the county and environmental organs in the country should increase traffic efficiency to cut on idling emission which is 93% higher than any other emissions from motor vehicles, introduce environmental levy fee for mitigating the effects of global warming due to emissions and encourage vehicles that are fuel efficient with auxiliary power units to aid in idling periods.
Abstract: Climate change is a major challenge in the 21st Century, as calamities and unpredictable weather changes lie on the realm of climate change. Climate change is a product of both anthropogenic and natural causes that emit greenhouse gases to the atmosphere causing a shift in climatic temperatures. Cities and towns are the main emitters of greenhouse ...
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Basis for the Analysis of Plans for the Comprehensive Management of Municipal Solid Waste: A Collaborative Assessment in Two Mexican Universities
Conrado Ruiz-Hernández,
Alma Delia Lupercio-Lozano,
Thalía Ameyatzin Bernal-González,
Francisco José Torner-Morales
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 3, August 2017
Pages:
85-89
Received:
9 March 2017
Accepted:
18 April 2017
Published:
13 June 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajese.20170103.14
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Abstract: The seriousness of current environmental problems underlie the importance and urgency of environmental education in higher learning institutions, which need better tools for evaluating environmental programs. This study is based on an evaluation card used to assess the performance of two management programs of municipal solid waste (MSW) implemented in two different universities. The study was conducted during mutual visits between researchers of the two universities. University A has more than ten years of experience with its solid waste management program; university B has two years of experience. The results show the need of an Environmental Institutional Plan that supports and support to guide the short- and long - term, this is where, in addition to the technical and engineering aspects, has strategic value environmental education supported strategies that promote and facilitate the correct disposal and proper management of MSW generated in universities.
Abstract: The seriousness of current environmental problems underlie the importance and urgency of environmental education in higher learning institutions, which need better tools for evaluating environmental programs. This study is based on an evaluation card used to assess the performance of two management programs of municipal solid waste (MSW) implemente...
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Phosphorus Dynamics and Rice Yield Response to Different Fertilization in Acid Soils
Kyi Pyar Zin,
Lim Lee Hoon,
J. M. R. Sarath Bandara,
Thippeswamy Holige Mallikarjunaiah
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 3, August 2017
Pages:
90-102
Received:
7 March 2017
Accepted:
22 April 2017
Published:
20 June 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajese.20170103.15
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Abstract: Proper fertilizer management is needed to overcome the problem of phosphorus deficiency in acid soils which is a major constraint in rice production. Knowledge on phosphorus (P) fractions is vital in understanding the P bioavailability. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of organic manures and compost, cattle manure, poultry manure and sheep manure and Triple Super Phosphate (TSP), on phosphorus availability and rice yield. The treatment with TSP + recommended chemical fertilizer (200 kg ha-1 NPK 15:15:15, 50 kg ha-1 Urea (tillering stage) + 50 kg ha-1 MOP (panicle initiation)) recorded highest yield but showed no significant difference with TSP+ cattle manure treatment. The lowest yield, available P, total P and highest Al-P and Ca-P recorded in control (no fertilizer). This indicates that application of P is necessary to maintain the soil phosphorus level at optimum to achieve targeted yield in acid soil. Maximum level of available and total phosphorus was recorded by application of TSP +cattle manure. Cattle manure with TSP increased yield and P availability which helps to reduce the mineral fertilizer usage and production cost. This could be a good practical technique that improves soil P content and increases the yield in acid soils.
Abstract: Proper fertilizer management is needed to overcome the problem of phosphorus deficiency in acid soils which is a major constraint in rice production. Knowledge on phosphorus (P) fractions is vital in understanding the P bioavailability. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of organic manures and compost, cattle manure, poultry manu...
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