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Occurrences of Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolated from Intestinal Faecal Contents of Covurs splendens (Indian Crow)
Philbert Balichene Madoshi,
Shuli Nkalango Mitemi,
Abdul Ahmed Selemani Katakweba
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, September 2021
Pages:
42-46
Received:
6 May 2021
Accepted:
18 June 2021
Published:
18 August 2021
Abstract: Introduction: Indian crows have been commented to present significant physical community harm with respect to property damage and agricultural products. However the public health significant of these birds in the developing countries has been underrated. Their scavenging nature might result into spread of pathogens in the public as well as the antimicrobial traits among bacteria. In order to gain the insight into the role of Indian crows as carriers and reservoir of multi-resistant E. coli; broad spectrum antimicrobial agents were tested using a wild E. coli isolated from the birds themselves. Methods: The Escherichia coli bacteria were isolated and identified from intestinal contents of 30 Indian crows in Morogoro. An 100μl Intestinal contents were spread on MacConkey for E. coli isolation. A total of eight (8) antimicrobial agents: STX (25 μg), AMP (10 μg), AMC (30 μg), CN (10 μg), CIP (5 μg), TE (30 μg), S (10 μg) and CTX (30 μg) were used. E. coli ATCC 25922 and included as control strains. Results: The resistance TE and SXT were the most prevalent (90%), followed by AMP (76.7%) and S (73.3%), CIP (53.3%), and CTX (36.7%). The susceptibility of these isolates was high in CN 96.7%. It also shown among 30 of the E. coli isolates; twenty-eight of them presented multiple antibiotic resistances. Conclusion: The results have shown that Indian crow can serve as a reservoir of antibiotic-resistant E. coli, and potentially transmit such E. coli over long distances. This is a hidden public health threat as these crows move from one place to another and is found in residential areas contaminating water and food with resistant bacteria and antimicrobial resistance strains.
Abstract: Introduction: Indian crows have been commented to present significant physical community harm with respect to property damage and agricultural products. However the public health significant of these birds in the developing countries has been underrated. Their scavenging nature might result into spread of pathogens in the public as well as the anti...
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Evaluation of Wheat Genotypes for a Single Stem Rust Race TTTTF in Ethiopia
Lidiya Tilahun Hadis,
Tamirat Negash Gure,
Daniel Kassa Habtemariam,
Getnet Muche Abebile,
Fikrte Yirga Belayineh,
Alemu Ayele Zerihun
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, September 2021
Pages:
47-53
Received:
21 July 2021
Accepted:
4 August 2021
Published:
23 August 2021
Abstract: Stem rust caused by Puccinia graminis is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat which causing considerable yield losses in wheat-growing areas in Ethiopia. Disease-resistant cultivars provide one of the best means for controlling stem rust. The current study aimed to evaluate wheat genotypes for seedling and adult plant stage resistance for the predominant wheat stem rust races; TTTTF. Both seedling and adult plant stage evaluations were conducted on 203 wheat genotypes under greenhouse and field conditions. Seedling and adult plant stage evaluations were conducted using artificial inoculation of the race TTTTF. Augmented and completely randomized designs were used for field and seedling tests, respectively. Three susceptible and two resistance check genotypes were used for field evaluation for each block. Seedling evaluation results showed 85% of the genotypes exhibited resistance infection type (<2). Field phenotyping results revealed 72%, 22% and 6% of the genotypes showed resistance (<15%), moderately resistance (20-35%) and susceptible (>40) reaction for stem rust race TTTTF. From the ANOVA table, highly significant variation between test and check genotypes was observed for different disease parameters and TKW. High and positive correlations existed between different disease parameters and a negative correlation was observed between TKW and disease parameters. Based on field and seedling evaluation, a total of 151 genotypes were selected for future breeding pipelines. Therefore, resistant wheat genotypes identified in the current study will be a potential source of genotypes for further wheat breeding and pathological research activities.
Abstract: Stem rust caused by Puccinia graminis is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat which causing considerable yield losses in wheat-growing areas in Ethiopia. Disease-resistant cultivars provide one of the best means for controlling stem rust. The current study aimed to evaluate wheat genotypes for seedling and adult plant stage resistance for ...
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Stochastic Approach for Witnessing the Incubation Period of a Patient
Vinoth Raman,
Kannadasan Karuppaiah,
Subash Chandrabose Gandhi
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, September 2021
Pages:
54-58
Received:
10 June 2021
Accepted:
24 June 2021
Published:
23 August 2021
Abstract: The spread of HIV remains a huge investigation in this present environment. A Mathematical or Statistical model must be developed for estimating parameters related to the epidemic, the death rate of affected cells or the infectious viral production rate. Inability to carry out people evaluates their HIV status has led to widespread lack of correct and comprehensive data on HIV infection, while an individual first involved. Stochastic model measures the predicted point of threshold through discrete and continuous distribution attained by many researchers in last two decades. This paper develops a stochastic model for the time of HIV epidemic in a homosexual population. Expected time of incubation period derived through shock model approach. The fitting of information sets generated through simulation methods that the Alpha statistical distribution ought to be assumed because the epidemic distribution planned the time of stochastic model to search out HIV epidemics. To check the validity of analytical arguments and to explore the dynamics of disease above the epidemic threshold, this study concludes, the possible significance of the result is that transmit HIV in incubation stage is quicker as the intensity of the immune system is lower.
Abstract: The spread of HIV remains a huge investigation in this present environment. A Mathematical or Statistical model must be developed for estimating parameters related to the epidemic, the death rate of affected cells or the infectious viral production rate. Inability to carry out people evaluates their HIV status has led to widespread lack of correct ...
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Patrilineal and Matrilineal Genetic Diversity in Azerbaijan
Akper Alinazar Aliev,
Anar Shamistan Ibrahimov,
Vaqif Bilas Shadlinski
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, September 2021
Pages:
59-64
Received:
24 June 2021
Accepted:
9 July 2021
Published:
23 August 2021
Abstract: This work analyzed a large volume of literature on the genetic diversity of Azerbaijanis. Data from these sources were systematized and grouped, and a general description of trends in the distribution of Y-DNA and mt-DNA haplogroups was given. For the first time, the data of Azerbaijan DNA Project at FTDNA were used and on their basis the general statistical characteristics of the diversity of patrilineal and matrilineal gene pools were described. All information received within the Azerbaijan DNA Project at FTDNA was combined and brought together with data from various scientific sources. We made an attempt to summarize data on the distribution of patrilineal haplogroups in Azerbaijanis from some of the most informative sources with data from FTDNA. The subclades in question were designated according to the Yfull classification. The results of the work were analyzed using the M. D. Kendall coefficient of concordance. Kendall's coefficient of consistency was W=0.83, which indicates a high degree of consistency between the data of different authors at a significance level of α=0.01. Taking these results into account, we have compiled a diagram of the diversity of Y-DNA haplogroups of the generalized sample of Azerbaijanis, which is currently the most presentable for characterizing patrilineal haplogroups.
Abstract: This work analyzed a large volume of literature on the genetic diversity of Azerbaijanis. Data from these sources were systematized and grouped, and a general description of trends in the distribution of Y-DNA and mt-DNA haplogroups was given. For the first time, the data of Azerbaijan DNA Project at FTDNA were used and on their basis the general s...
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Investigation of Factor Structure and Validation of the Parent - Infant Interaction Questionnair
Somayeh Habibpour,
Gholam Ali Afroz,
Mohsen Shokohi Yekta,
Mohammad Ali Besharat,
Valio Alah Farzad,
Maryam Nakhshab
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, September 2021
Pages:
65-71
Received:
4 May 2021
Accepted:
5 August 2021
Published:
23 August 2021
Abstract: Background: the birth of a premature baby puts a lot of stress on the family. This stress is due to the lack of physical, emotional and psychological readiness of the parent to enter this premature baby and the family faces many needs, therefore, attention to the specific issues and needs of these families is considered. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to construct and investigate the factor structure and validation of the parent - infant interaction questionnaire in Behshahr. Method: After translation, design and approval of items by experts in the field of psychology and psychometrics, 222 mothers with infants over 2 months were selected by convenience sampling method and based on the criteria of Klein, moreover, this questionnaire was administered to them. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used to evaluate the construct validity. Result: According to the research findings, 3 factors and 19 items were identified. In addition, the confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the three - factor model of this questionnaire. To measure the reliability of the test, the KR-20 method was used, whose coefficients ranged from 0.610 to 0.803. Conclusion: The results indicate that the questionnaire has desirable psychometric properties and is a good tool for measuring mother - infant interaction.
Abstract: Background: the birth of a premature baby puts a lot of stress on the family. This stress is due to the lack of physical, emotional and psychological readiness of the parent to enter this premature baby and the family faces many needs, therefore, attention to the specific issues and needs of these families is considered. Objective: The purpose of t...
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