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Modeling the Effects of Traffic Congestion on Economic Activities - Accidents, Fatalities and Casualties
Casmir Onyeneke,
Chibuzor Eguzouwa,
Charles Mutabazi
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2, June 2018
Pages:
7-14
Received:
30 June 2018
Accepted:
11 July 2018
Published:
4 August 2018
Abstract: Congestion is mainly caused by a desire for people to drive their cars coupled with a failure by constitute authorities to check and balance various indices and factors that contribute to incessant number of vehicles, road maintenance and traffic regulations. If sufficient investment is made to ensure affordable public transport options, implement vehicle regulatory and a better infrastructure the incidence of congestion would decrease in the society. Growing traffic and number of registered vehicles in urban areas are linked with a growing number of accidents and fatalities, especially in the society. Accidents account for a significant share of recurring delays. As traffic increases, people feel less safe to use the roads. It is observed that traffic congestion in the urban centers could be viewed in mandatory daily trips such as workplace, home or voluntary. Mandatory as the name implies is often performed within fixed schedules while voluntary is based on the person’s decision to embark on such trip at any given point in time. In many places, persons along for the ride are forced away from public transport by the private companies. Increasing fare prices, especially on the trains, make driving a car with its associated high fuel costs cheaper than public transport. By pushing people back to their cars again they only exasperate the congestion problem. These situations necessitate the need to model the causes and effects of traffic congestions based on the number of vehicle registrations and casualties.
Abstract: Congestion is mainly caused by a desire for people to drive their cars coupled with a failure by constitute authorities to check and balance various indices and factors that contribute to incessant number of vehicles, road maintenance and traffic regulations. If sufficient investment is made to ensure affordable public transport options, implement ...
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Comparison Analysis of Flame Sources, Loss Quantities and Atmospheric Conditions of Kerosene and Gas in Domestic and Industrial Heating Processes
Casmir Onyeneke,
Rich Ndubuisi,
Edward Victorhez,
Isaac Ayetuoma
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2, June 2018
Pages:
15-21
Received:
2 July 2018
Accepted:
13 July 2018
Published:
9 August 2018
Abstract: Gas and kerosene are the two major sources of fuel used at home and industrial cooking. The process of optimizing these resources poses great challenge to industrial cooking and heating. This work examined whether gas and kerosene are rapidly exhausted when heat is applied at high temperature to heating cylinder and stove respectively. At the end, reliable and efficient conditions that optimize heating process are proffered. It was also observed that the rate of decrease in the substances used while cooking depends on the quantity of heat applied at various temperatures. In both domestic and industrial heating processes, there is a major concern of the appropriate fuel source and atmospheric conditions to be adopted. This research work presented the costs and effects of adopting a particular method. It is obvious that there is a particular cost and benefit attached to each method. This work analyzed them to enable a concise and suitable choice of heating process. At the end, there was clear indication that gas sustains cooking than kerosene when heat is applied.
Abstract: Gas and kerosene are the two major sources of fuel used at home and industrial cooking. The process of optimizing these resources poses great challenge to industrial cooking and heating. This work examined whether gas and kerosene are rapidly exhausted when heat is applied at high temperature to heating cylinder and stove respectively. At the end, ...
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Women’s Autonomy and Reproductive Healthcare-Seeking Behavior in Bangladesh: Further Analysis of the 2014 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey
Sohani Afroja,
Mahmudur Rahman,
Lopa Islam
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2, June 2018
Pages:
22-28
Received:
2 July 2018
Accepted:
16 July 2018
Published:
14 August 2018
Abstract: Women’s autonomy or empowerment is an important issue to achieve targets for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of Bangladesh. There are several indicators to measure the women empowerment. Health seeking information is one of the most important indicators in this view. This study aims at identifying women’s maternal and child health-care seeking in relation to women empowerment in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2014 data was used for the study. A total of 1875 women of reproductive age with complete information on the selected predictors were identified for this analysis by multistage stratified cluster sampling design. Multiple logistic regression and X2 statistic were used to study determinant factors. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Among 1875 women sampled, 87.7% and 88.5% were received antenatal care and postnatal care respectively. Out of women who resided in urban areas, 91.2% women got postnatal care and 93.7% women received antenatal care where as only 83.4% rural women’s get antenatal care and 86.6% women got postnatal care respectively. Division, type of residence, respondent’s education level, wealth index, decision maker for using contraception, partner's education level, respondent’s currently working status, beating justified if wife goes out without telling husband, neglects the children, argues with husband, refuses to have sex with husband, burns the food respectively, women’s body mass index and age of 1st birth were found to be statistically significant determinants of receiving antenatal care. Type of residence, wealth index, respondent’s currently working status, person who usually decides on visits to family or relatives, beating justified if wife argues with husband were found to be statistically significant determinants of receiving postnatal care. In summary, our analysis highlights concerning continuing healthcare-seeking challenges in Bangladesh. This study explores the factors associated with women’s autonomy and reproductive healthcare-seeking behavior in Bangladesh.
Abstract: Women’s autonomy or empowerment is an important issue to achieve targets for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of Bangladesh. There are several indicators to measure the women empowerment. Health seeking information is one of the most important indicators in this view. This study aims at identifying women’s maternal and child health-care see...
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Economic and Social Impacts of Khat (Catha edulis Forsk) Chewing Among Youth in Sebeta Town, Oromia Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2, June 2018
Pages:
29-33
Received:
6 July 2018
Accepted:
17 July 2018
Published:
16 August 2018
Abstract: Khat (Catha edulis Forsk) is a large green shrub grown in Eastern to Southern Africa and extends to Arabian Peninsula. The leaf of Khat comes from a small evergreen shrub that can grow to the size of a tree. Both young buds and tender leaves are chewed to attain a state of euphoria and stimulation. Khat leaves contain Cathinone which it’s an active brain stimulant and Khat ingestion in low doses results in decreased appetite, euphoria, increased intellectual efficiency, and hyper-alertness.High doses and chronic use of Khat can cause more serious adverse neurological, psychiatric, cardiovascular, dental, gastrointestinal and genitourinary effects. Besides damaging health, Khat chewing has adverse socio-economic consequences effects on many other aspects of life. It has its own impact on mental and physical health of the chewers. This study was conducted from September to June 2017 using both quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection. A total of 250 samples were included in the study. Structured questionnaire were employed during data collection with the main objectives of to assess the socio-economic effects of Khat chewing among youth of Sebeta town, Oromia, Ethiopia. The studies revealed that Khat chewing was associated with carelessness, frequent absenteeism from working place, poor academic performance of chewer students, poor interaction with the societies, depression and anxiety, poor confidence, exposed for economic problem, health problems, conflict in the family. Generally,the current Khat chewing practices in the study area are relatively high. So efforts like creating awareness about negative effects, making different recreation methods available, addressing the underlying social problems of unemployment, poor housing, and cultural alienation and promote positive measures for community development and develop a health education program to raise awareness and formulating common conventions regarding Khat use mainly by young generations are necessary to decrease the magnitude of chewing practices and thereby its associated consequences.
Abstract: Khat (Catha edulis Forsk) is a large green shrub grown in Eastern to Southern Africa and extends to Arabian Peninsula. The leaf of Khat comes from a small evergreen shrub that can grow to the size of a tree. Both young buds and tender leaves are chewed to attain a state of euphoria and stimulation. Khat leaves contain Cathinone which it’s an active...
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Application of Longitudinal Measured CD4+ Count on HIV-Positive Patients Following Active Antiretroviral Therapy: A Case of Debre Berhan Referral Hospital
Shewayiref Geremew,
Dejen Tesfaw,
Tibebu Getiye
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2, June 2018
Pages:
34-42
Received:
9 July 2018
Accepted:
23 July 2018
Published:
24 August 2018
Abstract: The measurement of the CD4+ count is the predictor of evolution to AIDS, in ART. Studying the way of the CD4+ count over time provides an insight to the disease evolution. The main objective of this study was to apply statistical analysis on longitudinally measured CD4+ Cell counts of HIV-positive patients under ART. The study population consists of 647 HIV+ patients who were 16 years old or older and who were under ART follow up from 2012 to 2017 in Debre Berhan Referral Hospital, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia. The data were from the patients' chart. All patients who have initiated to ART and measured their CD4+ cell counts at least two times, including the baseline and those who started the first line ART regimen class was included in the study population. Data were explored using basic descriptive statistics and individual and mean profile plots. The methods of LMM and GLMM were used. The mean profile of CD4+ count revealed that there is an improvement in the duration of treatment in a linear pattern. From the GLMM covariates duration of treatment, sex, BMI, baseline CD4, regimen class, duration by age, duration by baseline CD4 and duration by regimen class significantly determines the change in CD4+ count overtime at 5% level of significance. There is the duration of treatment effect on the current CD4+ count. The study result suggests that HIV+ patients attending in ART improve their CD4+ count.
Abstract: The measurement of the CD4+ count is the predictor of evolution to AIDS, in ART. Studying the way of the CD4+ count over time provides an insight to the disease evolution. The main objective of this study was to apply statistical analysis on longitudinally measured CD4+ Cell counts of HIV-positive patients under ART. The study population consists o...
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