-
The Chronic Case of Chauvinism: These Times Are Changing
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, February 2022
Pages:
1-13
Received:
16 December 2021
Accepted:
6 January 2022
Published:
12 January 2022
Abstract: This research project on chauvinism and gender differences was two-fold, combining the analyzed results of 13 meta-analyses and 3 long-term trend data studies with the results of eight case studies of interviewed women, ranging in age from 30 to 80. Qualitative analyses were conducted as to the types of male support they received in their lives, their experiences with chauvinism, how they coped with chauvinism, and their life decisions as a result of experiencing chauvinism. The variances between females and males on cognitive, intellectual, academic achievement and interests were examined in the research base and the case studies, questioning whether or not there is a gender difference, as well as the influences of culture, other people and academic expectations. Results showed a positive trend over time regarding chauvinism. In the earlier research studies there were more gender differences between males and females but with confounding variables such as testing instrumentation, testing bias, academic course work availability and conscious holding back of females in academics and careers. However, more recent studies showed a distinct lack of gender differences and some question of how much of the earlier results contributed to the building of a stereotypic view of females. In the case studies, younger women tended to experience less onerous types of chauvinism than did the older women, but all eight women experienced chauvinism in their lives and remembered it well. Results include the ways they learned to cope with chauvinism and how they moved forward in their lives and careers in spite of chauvinism.
Abstract: This research project on chauvinism and gender differences was two-fold, combining the analyzed results of 13 meta-analyses and 3 long-term trend data studies with the results of eight case studies of interviewed women, ranging in age from 30 to 80. Qualitative analyses were conducted as to the types of male support they received in their lives, th...
Show More
-
Predicting Executive Dysfunctions Based on Attachment and Parenting Styles in Students
Ayyoub Malek,
Karim Abdolmohammadi,
Farhad Ghadiri Sourman Abadi,
Mina Soltani
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, February 2022
Pages:
14-18
Received:
19 December 2021
Accepted:
15 January 2022
Published:
21 January 2022
Abstract: Executive functions refer to the use of cognitive processes to control thoughts and emotions. Given the importance and impact of executive functions, it seems that understanding the factors that influence executive functions’ development is useful to prevent individuals’ problems and to help their further promotions. The present study is to predict executive dysfunctions based on parenting styles and attachment styles in students. This is a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population of this study included all students of regular elementary schools in Tabriz, Iran in the academic year of 2018-19, among whom, 700 were selected by multistage clustering sampling method. In the next step, their parents were asked to complete Coolidge neuropsychological and personality scale, the Kinship Center Attachment Questionnaire (KCAQ), and Baumrind parenting styles questionnaire. The data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance. The results showed that positive adjustment development, negative behaviors, permissive style, authoritarian style and authoritative style are correlated with the executive dysfunction. Positive adjustment development, attachment style and authoritative parenting style had a negative correlation, and the attachment style of negative behaviors, and permissive and authoritarian parenting styles had a positive correlation with the executive dysfunctions. The findings of the present study show that attachment and parenting styles in childhood correlate significantly with the development of executive functions and may be considered for prediction of executive dysfunctions.
Abstract: Executive functions refer to the use of cognitive processes to control thoughts and emotions. Given the importance and impact of executive functions, it seems that understanding the factors that influence executive functions’ development is useful to prevent individuals’ problems and to help their further promotions. The present study is to predict...
Show More
-
Black Clouds and Silver Linings: Exploring the Psychosocial Consequences of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Expatriates Living in Hong Kong
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, February 2022
Pages:
19-28
Received:
27 December 2021
Accepted:
14 January 2022
Published:
21 January 2022
Abstract: Background: While global media, international and local health organisations, epidemiologists, and opinion makers disseminate regular updates on the spread and mortality of COVID-19, the psychosocial effect of the pandemic is often neglected. This is amplified for expatriates living outside their native country as stringent quarantine measures make travelling to their home countries prohibitive, if not impossible, in terms of time and money. Objective: The aim of this study was to understand the psychosocial consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on expatriates living in Hong Kong. Method: An exploratory qualitative research design was employed. Qualitative data from semi-structured interviews and surveys were analysed using template analysis. Findings: Data revealed that COVID-19 adversely affected the mental and social wellbeing of most of the respondents. There were silver linings in finding new ways to connect, appreciating a slower pace of life and the opportunity to reassess priorities, although the black clouds of separation from family, concern for youth, missing milestones and mental & financial concerns dominated most of the data. These negative consequences were exacerbated by the lack of reasonableness, inclusivity, openness and transparency of the COVID-19 restrictions and regulations. Conclusion: As the psychosocial consequences of the pandemic are expected to continue for some time, this study has implications for public health policy and practice in HK, and internationally, in planning how to mitigate the negative effects of the pandemic.
Abstract: Background: While global media, international and local health organisations, epidemiologists, and opinion makers disseminate regular updates on the spread and mortality of COVID-19, the psychosocial effect of the pandemic is often neglected. This is amplified for expatriates living outside their native country as stringent quarantine measures make...
Show More
-
The Impact of Emotional Labor on Unethical Pro-organizational Behavior of Medical Staff: Taking Organizational Identification as an Intermediary
Zeng Zhi,
Wang Xiaoyu,
Ji Xiaoyu,
Lu Zhanjie
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, February 2022
Pages:
29-36
Received:
10 January 2022
Accepted:
24 January 2022
Published:
9 February 2022
Abstract: Medical and health services are a special service-oriented industry. The emotional labor of medical staff must meet their hospital’s established norms and organizational rules. In the process of carrying out emotional labor, however, medical staff members are likely to show non-self-regarding unethical pro-organizational behavior (UPB). Previous studies on UPB from the perspective of cognition and emotion have mainly focused on the field of business services and organizational behavior. However, there is a lack of research on this topic in the field of medical services. To explore the mechanism behind the impact of medical staff’s emotional labor on their UPB, this study conducted a survey of 261 Chinese medical staff, using organizational identification as an intermediary variable. Results showed that surface behaviors of emotional labor of the medical staff negatively affect organizational identification, which positively affects UPB; the surface behaviors also negatively affect UPB, and organizational identity partly mediates the result of surface behaviors and UPB; deep behaviors of emotional labor of the medical staff positively affects organizational identification, which, in turn, positively affects UPB; and deep behaviors also positively affect UPB, while organizational identity partly mediates the two. The results show that in order to effectively eliminate or avoid medical staff’s UPB, hospital managers should take medical staff ‘s real work experience as the standard, and actively pay attention to their emotional resources and the change of organizational identity. Simultaneously, hospitals should also strengthen the cognition of medical staff on professional rules, and actively educate and guide them in implementing emotional labor behavior.
Abstract: Medical and health services are a special service-oriented industry. The emotional labor of medical staff must meet their hospital’s established norms and organizational rules. In the process of carrying out emotional labor, however, medical staff members are likely to show non-self-regarding unethical pro-organizational behavior (UPB). Previous st...
Show More
-
Effectiveness of an Internet-based, Functionality Focused Program for Improving Positive Body Image
Egle Urvelyte,
Aidas Perminas
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, February 2022
Pages:
37-41
Received:
9 January 2022
Accepted:
4 February 2022
Published:
16 February 2022
Abstract: This study tested body functionality based online program “Expand your horizon”. In the current study, we examined whether a positive body image program “Expand your Horizons” can be effective not only in modifying a positive body image but also such outcomes like body image quality of life. The program is designed to improve positive body image using writing assignments. One hundred and thirteen female students (M age – 22,08) were randomised to one week online programme “Expand your horizon” or control group. Body appreciation, body functionality, self-objectification and body image quality of life were measured at pretest and posttest. Participants in body image program experienced greater positive body image and body functionality compared to participants in control group. However, despite previous research that demonstrated relationship between body functionality and self-objectification or that focusing on body functionality could lead to lower level of self-objectification, in our study we do not confirmed that. Contarary to expectations no differences in body image quality of life and self-objectification were found between program participants and the control group. Also, there were no improvements in the control group over time. The result of the present study add to existing evidence that functionality based intervention can improve positive body image and body functionality in female students. Also it appears to be beneficial when delivered via internet.
Abstract: This study tested body functionality based online program “Expand your horizon”. In the current study, we examined whether a positive body image program “Expand your Horizons” can be effective not only in modifying a positive body image but also such outcomes like body image quality of life. The program is designed to improve positive body image us...
Show More
