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Principal Component Analysis of Early Generation Drought Tolerant Tef Genotypes for Yield-contributing Traits
Worku Kebede,
Bulti Tesso
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, May 2021
Pages:
113-118
Received:
17 March 2021
Accepted:
25 May 2021
Published:
3 June 2021
Abstract: The present investigation was carried out to determine the relationship and genetic variability among 49 tef inbred line using principal component analysis for drought prone areas. To improve tef productivity, farmers need high-yielding and drought tolerant tef cultivars. The objective of this research is to evaluate genetic diversity among drought tolerant tef inbred lines for yield, yield-contributing traits. In this study, Component I had the contribution from the traits viz., days to heading, days to physiological maturity, plant height, panicle length, culm length, number of spikelets per panicle, number of primary panicle branches per main shoot, lodging index, above-ground biomass and harvest index which accounted 40% to the total variability. Grain filling period, number of total tillers per plant, number of fertile tillers per plant, days to mature, peduncle length, number of florets per spikelet and thousand-seed weight has contributed 14% to the total variability in component II. The remaining variability of 13%, 7% and 6% was consolidated in component III, component IV and component V by various traits like days to seedling emergence, culm length, peduncle length, lodging index, above-ground biomass yield, grain yield, harvest index, number of total and fertile tillers per plant. The cumulative variance of 79% of total variation among 18 characters was explained by the first five axes. Thus, the results of principal component analysis revealed, wide genetic variability exists in this drought tolerant tef inbred lines. Drought tolerant traits with high genetic variability are expected to provide high level of gene transfer during breeding programs.
Abstract: The present investigation was carried out to determine the relationship and genetic variability among 49 tef inbred line using principal component analysis for drought prone areas. To improve tef productivity, farmers need high-yielding and drought tolerant tef cultivars. The objective of this research is to evaluate genetic diversity among drought...
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Determination of Maize-Wheat-Soybean Blending Ratio for Improved Nutritional and Process Quality of Bread in Selected Zones of Oromia, Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, May 2021
Pages:
119-126
Received:
8 March 2021
Accepted:
19 May 2021
Published:
8 June 2021
Abstract: Bread is staple food and its consumption is increasing in Ethiopia. Most of the rural families prepare their daily food from cereal products and do not consider the nutritional aspects of view. Hence, most of the children and mothers in the rural families are affected by malnutrition. Thus, it is essential to consider different methods of food preparations at home level that constitutes sufficient nutrients. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine maize, wheat and soybean blending ratio for improved nutritional and process quality of bread. Study site, farmers and samples (maize, wheat, and soybean varieties) were purposively selected. Proximate, energy and minerals contents were determined with three replications following AOAC methods. Thirteen formulations of composite flour were determined using mixture design with the aid of MINITAB 17 software package. The ingredients were 100% wheat, 100% maize and mixture of maize, wheat and soybean ranged from 0–65%, 0–100% and 0–25% for maize, wheat and soy bean, respectively. Sensory evaluation was done using 9-point hedonic scales. Results of the study showed a significant difference (p<0.05) in nutrients and sensory quality of bread as the compositions of ingredients were changed. The bread had moisture, ash, protein, crude fat, crude fiber, carbohydrate, energy, iron, zinc and calcium ranged from 7.57 – 8.75%, 0.78 – 2.14%, 9.55 – 22.75%, 1.14 – 6.55%, 2.39 – 3.93%, 58.03 – 75.75%, 357.22 – 381.53Kcal, 19.39– 43.00ppm, 12.21 – 48.32ppm and 11.85– 68.62ppm respectively. The overall acceptability of bread ranged from neither like nor dislike to like very much. Bread baked from 25%, 50% and 25% flour of maize, wheat and soybean respectively is recommended for nutrient composition allied with consumers’ preferences.
Abstract: Bread is staple food and its consumption is increasing in Ethiopia. Most of the rural families prepare their daily food from cereal products and do not consider the nutritional aspects of view. Hence, most of the children and mothers in the rural families are affected by malnutrition. Thus, it is essential to consider different methods of food prep...
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Evaluation of Food Quality of Released Barley Varieties Grown in Oromia, Ethiopia
Megersa Daba,
Abiyot Lelisa
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, May 2021
Pages:
127-134
Received:
8 March 2021
Accepted:
19 May 2021
Published:
8 June 2021
Abstract: This study was conducted to characterize and evaluate food quality of released food barley varieties through physical, chemical and sensory evaluation. Fifteen released food barley varieties were collected from different research centers. Physicochemical qualities of these varieties were analyzed with three replications. Sensory evaluation was also performed by using hedonic scale method. Hectoliter weight, thousand kernel weight, moisture, protein, sodium, potassium, iron, zinc, calcium and magnesium contents were determined in the range of 55.57 – 66.67 grams, 33.50 – 58.50 grams, 7.46 – 11.43%, 9.44 – 16.80%, 79.23 – 316.54 ppm, 3993 – 6040 ppm, 11.49 – 64.32 ppm, 31.07 – 55.73 ppm, 305.42 – 716.91 ppm and 811.50 – 1731.10 ppm respectively. Overall acceptability of porridge prepared from barley varieties were disliked slightly to liked moderately while liked slightly to liked moderately for Injera. There were significant (P<0.05) variation in physical, chemical and organoleptic properties due to test barley varieties variation. Aruso variety was the highest in mean value of thousand kernel weight and hectoliter weight. Walker variety had the highest protein mean score. The study revealed that Robera, Abdane, Bentu, Harbu, Golden Eye and Walker varieties had the highest value of calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, iron and zinc respectively. Walker variety porridge was disliked slightly and Bentu variety was mostly liked moderately but not significantly different among Aquila, Gobe, HB 1966 and Robera varieties. Abdane variety injera was liked slightly and Biftu variety was mostly liked moderately but not significantly different among nine barley varieties. Therefore Aruso, Biftu, Bentu and Robera varieties were preferred for physical, chemical and sensory quality attributes.
Abstract: This study was conducted to characterize and evaluate food quality of released food barley varieties through physical, chemical and sensory evaluation. Fifteen released food barley varieties were collected from different research centers. Physicochemical qualities of these varieties were analyzed with three replications. Sensory evaluation was also...
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Optimizing ICT Resources to Mitigate Contagion: A Case Study of COVID-19 Pandemic
James Kunle Olorundare,
Oluwafemi Emmanuel Ekanoye,
Adebimpe Olubunmi Olorundare
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, May 2021
Pages:
135-141
Received:
3 December 2020
Accepted:
10 December 2020
Published:
21 June 2021
Abstract: COVID-19 is ravaging many countries and there are unprecedented challenges in managing the pandemic. Basically, two strategies are being adopted; Traditional Health System and Telehealth which include telemedicine, remote monitoring of patient, Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) etc. This paper discusses how the communications and computing resources are being used in the telehealth sector to respond to COVID-19. It expatiates the positive impact of telehealth on the general approach of managing COVID-19 pandemic and how this is rapidly facilitating flattening the curve of COVID-19 pandemic as seen in the country experiences of China and South Korea discussed. The research includes both the Secondary and Primary data. The literature review exhibited the secondary data conducted on this subject matter which was also validated using the quantitative survey conducted for the primary data collection. Experiences of selected countries were also discussed as case studies on how ICT resources are being deployed in the COVID-19 pandemic as practical evidence to the research. Recommendations were organically extracted from the result of the primary research data to fill the gap noticed in mitigating pandemic by optimizing ICT resources and infrastructures. The use of Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, emergency numbers for different applications and increase use of those ICT infrastructures and resources have assisted in mitigating COVID-19 in the illustrated examples. This has validated the results of the research and therefore given empirical evidence to the feasibility of the recommendations.
Abstract: COVID-19 is ravaging many countries and there are unprecedented challenges in managing the pandemic. Basically, two strategies are being adopted; Traditional Health System and Telehealth which include telemedicine, remote monitoring of patient, Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) etc. This paper discusses how the communications and computing resour...
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Effect of Sowing Methods and Seeding Rates on Growth, Yield and Yield Components of Tef (Eragrostis Tef) in Ebinat Districts, South Gondar, Ethiopia
Sisay Tefera,
Getachew Alemayehu,
Abebe Zeleke
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, May 2021
Pages:
142-148
Received:
2 April 2021
Accepted:
27 May 2021
Published:
22 June 2021
Abstract: The study was conducted during 2013/14 main cropping season in Ebinat district with the aim of studying the effects of seeding rates and row sowing methods on growth, yield and yield components of tef. Planting material of improved tef variety ‘Quencho’ (DZ-01-387) was used as a test crop for the experiments. Two factors of 3 seeding rates of (5, 7.5 & 10 kg/ha) and 3 inter-row spacing of (15cm, 20cm & 25cm) were combined to form 9 treatment. The treatments were laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Days to 50% emergence, days to 50% heading, days to 90% physiological maturity, plant population. Total tiller number per plant, effective tiller, plant height, panicle length, number of spikelet’s per panicle, biomass and straw yield, thousand seed weight, grain yield and harvest index were the important attributes used for data collection. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for all parameters were computed with SAS 9.0 software and mean separation was done using least significance difference (LSD). The results of ANOVA analyses showed that sowing method of days to 50% emergence, days to 50%heading, days to 90% physiological maturity, total number of tillers per plant, number of effective tillers, thousand seed weight and number of spikelet’s per panicle were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by the main effects of seeding rates and inter-row spacing, while plant population, plant height and grain yield were highly significantly (P<0.01) affected by the main effects of the seeding rates and inter-row spacing. Biomass and straw yields as well as harvest index were not significantly affected by seeding rates and inter-row spacing. Furthermore, the interaction effect plant population and grain yields were highly significantly (P<0.01), affected by seeding rates and inter-row spacing. While plant height, biomass yield and thousand seed weight were significant (P<0.05) influenced. In general, the present study investigated under sowing methods of grain yield was gained 25.75% over all the treatments. Sowing method of seeding rate of 5 kg/ha and 25cm of row spacing were found to be the best resourcefully advantageous over the rest treatments.
Abstract: The study was conducted during 2013/14 main cropping season in Ebinat district with the aim of studying the effects of seeding rates and row sowing methods on growth, yield and yield components of tef. Planting material of improved tef variety ‘Quencho’ (DZ-01-387) was used as a test crop for the experiments. Two factors of 3 seeding rates of (5, 7...
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