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Investigating Effect Internal Marketing on Employee Job Satisfaction in the Context of Ethiopian Public Health Care Institution (HCIs) at Silte Zone Selected Public Hospitals
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, December 2022
Pages:
99-115
Received:
30 May 2022
Accepted:
18 July 2022
Published:
11 October 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.aas.20220704.11
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Abstract: The aim of the study was to investigating the effect of internal marketing (training & development, communication, motivation and reward) on employee job satisfaction in Ethiopian public Health Care Institution (HCIs) at Silte Zone selected public Hospitals. Data were collected from 373 employees through questionnaire and interview based surveys to investigate the effect of internal marketing on employees’ job satisfaction. The respondents were chosen using both probability and non-probability sampling technique and also the research was used both descriptive as well as explanatory research design. After collecting the data, different statistical tests including descriptive statistics like mean, standard deviation and inferential statistics like correlation and regression were applied using SPSS version 24 software. The results of descriptive statistics showed that the level of internal marketing practices was above average and there was a large gap in the internal marketing practices of the selected public health agencies. The finding of this study revealed that, all dimensions of IM have positive and statistically significant effect with employees ‘job satisfaction. Therefore it is reasonable to conclude that, hospital managers need to identify the benefits of internal marketing for the satisfaction of employee. Based on the conclusion the researcher wants to recommend that, health care institutions should make every effort to prioritize key aspects while conducting internal marketing activities to achieve the highest level of job satisfaction for their employees and these satiability of the organizations.
Abstract: The aim of the study was to investigating the effect of internal marketing (training & development, communication, motivation and reward) on employee job satisfaction in Ethiopian public Health Care Institution (HCIs) at Silte Zone selected public Hospitals. Data were collected from 373 employees through questionnaire and interview based surveys to...
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Negative Electrization of Gasoline as a Means of Improving Its Consumer Properties
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, December 2022
Pages:
116-119
Received:
13 September 2022
Accepted:
4 October 2022
Published:
17 October 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.aas.20220704.12
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Abstract: It is well known that the electrization of liquid fuels increases their explosiveness. The analysis of the conditions that increase this very explosiveness allowed concluding that all of them cause precisely the negative electrization of liquid fuels. Since most internal combustion engines actually use the explosive energy of liquid fuels, it was hypothesized that the purposeful preliminary negative electrization of the latter will increase the efficiency of these very engines. During the experimental verification of this hypothesis, it was in particular found that the previous negative electrization of gasoline increases the duration of the test internal combustion engine by about 30%. Like this, the ability of free electrons to transform relatively inert molecules of organic substances, including carbohydrates, to their chemically active radicals was experimentally confirmed. Accordingly, the theory of combustion, which implies that free radicals are initiators of branched chain reaction, received additional experimental confirmation. Moreover, this very experimental verification made it possible to find out that a decrease in air humidity reduces the efficiency of this same engine, while an increase in air humidity increases it. In fact, this dependence on water confirmed the correctness of the reports that minor admixtures of water improve the customary properties of liquid fuels. Of course, this very dependence can also be perceived as an additional confirmation of the long-known ability of water impurities to contribute to the electrization of liquid fuels. Be that as it may, this same dependence agrees well with views on the catalytic properties of water.
Abstract: It is well known that the electrization of liquid fuels increases their explosiveness. The analysis of the conditions that increase this very explosiveness allowed concluding that all of them cause precisely the negative electrization of liquid fuels. Since most internal combustion engines actually use the explosive energy of liquid fuels, it was h...
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Evaluation of Seasonal Variation of Physico-Chemical Parameters of Hospital Wastewater Treatment Plant
Abdullahi Ahmed Fatima,
Abdullahi Shuaibu Akpai,
Abolude David Sunday,
Muhammad Muktar Namadi
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, December 2022
Pages:
120-124
Received:
20 July 2022
Accepted:
27 September 2022
Published:
30 October 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.aas.20220704.13
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Abstract: Water defilement is one of the alarming problems in our society due continuous sewage/wastewater disposal without adequate treatment. Physicochemical parameters of water are one criterion to determine the level of contamination of water. In this study, Seasonal variations of physicochemical parameters of a Teaching Hospital wastewater treatment plant in Zaria were evaluated to ascertain the pollution load and determined the significant difference between Influent and Effluent contaminant concentration. Both Influent and Effluent samples were analyzed during dry and wet seasons using standard instrumental techniques. Descriptive statistics was used for data analysis to evaluate the significant differences between the means of the samples. The parameters assessed were pH, Temperature, EC, TDS, Cl, PO4-, DO, BOD, COD, Na, K, NO3, TSS, NH3 and SO4. The result obtained with respect to PO4- between dry and wet seasons were (48.41 ± 6.96a dry season) / (28.72 ± 5.2b wet season), with significance difference at P > 0.05. Similarly, HCO3- (6.04 ± 0.19a dry season) / (3.68 ± 0.96b wet season) and BOD (111.26 ± 3.36b dry season) / (245.48 ± 13.59a wet season) all from Influent. While results obtained from the effluent with significant difference in dry and wet seasons were BOD (144.36 ± 6.35b dry season) / (258.26 ± 15.17a wet season) at P > 0.05. Generally, pH (7.52 ± 0.45/7.58 ± 0.38) Temperature (22.50 ± 0.76 / 25.17 ± 0.31), EC (1020.17 ± 51.40 / 914.57 ± 9.48), NO3 (4.12 ± 0.96 / 3.74 ± 1.5), TDS (511.33 ± 20.25 / 508.23 ± 36.90), Cl (108.62 ± 3.47 / 215.87 ± 6.14) and SO4 (8.17 ± 0.14 / 12.54 ± 40.04), were within the acceptable threshold of FAO, NESREA and WHO guidelines. However parameters such as PO4- (61.80 ± 9.25/53.63 ± 6.14), BOD (144.36 ± 6.35 / 258.26 ± 15.17), DO (16.13 ± 1.46), COD (409.917 ± 86.72 / 565.83 ± 79.25) TSS (16.66 ± 8.027 / 25.36 ± 6.51), and NH3- (0.99 ± 0.14 / 0.91 ± 0.40) were found to be above the acceptable threshold of FAO, NESREA and WHO guidelines and standards. The study concludes that the treatment plant does not effectively treat the wastewater and could therefore, lead to possible contamination to the downstream water which can pose health issues to humans and crops when used for irrigation.
Abstract: Water defilement is one of the alarming problems in our society due continuous sewage/wastewater disposal without adequate treatment. Physicochemical parameters of water are one criterion to determine the level of contamination of water. In this study, Seasonal variations of physicochemical parameters of a Teaching Hospital wastewater treatment pla...
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Impact of Fixed Allocation of Health Resources on Diabetes in Kenya: Mathematical Modelling Approach
Robert Nyatundo Andima,
Winifred Nduku Mutuku,
Nyabadza Farai,
Kennedy Awuor,
Abayomi Samuel Oke
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, December 2022
Pages:
125-134
Received:
14 September 2022
Accepted:
24 October 2022
Published:
12 November 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.aas.20220704.14
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Abstract: Diabetes is a human disease that can lead to blindness, strokes, and amputations of people’s limbs. The effects of diabetes are not limited to the sickness it causes in the human body, it also has a major influence on the worldwide economy, as evidenced by the fact that over 500 billion USD is spent each year on the diagnosis, care, and treatment of diabetes. Diabetes is gradually becoming a menace in Kenya, considering that the number of deaths from diabetes and diabetes-related illnesses have increased in the recent time. With the rapid increase in the reported diabetic cases, it is only a matter of time before the Healthcare facilities and resources become overburdened. This study investigates the effect of a fixed number of available health resources on the progression of diabetes. To represent the dynamics of diabetes with a constant hospitalization rate, a system of ordinary differential equations is formulated. The model is established to be well-posed, positive, and bounded, and the local stability of the equilibrium points is established. The reproduction number is calculated using the next generation matrix. The model is numerically solved and the results are graphed using the explicit Runge-Kutta (4,5)-th order. Improvements in the susceptible class’s lifestyle quality diminish migration from the susceptible subpopulation to the diabetic population.
Abstract: Diabetes is a human disease that can lead to blindness, strokes, and amputations of people’s limbs. The effects of diabetes are not limited to the sickness it causes in the human body, it also has a major influence on the worldwide economy, as evidenced by the fact that over 500 billion USD is spent each year on the diagnosis, care, and treatment o...
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Assessment of Hygienic Practices Among Primary School Pupils in Mwanza City
Elias Musa,
Japhet Simeo,
Thomas Rutachunzibwa
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, December 2022
Pages:
135-143
Received:
5 October 2022
Accepted:
28 November 2022
Published:
15 December 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.aas.20220704.15
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Abstract: Despite the efforts done by the Government of the United Republic of Tanzania and other private entities to provide hygienic education and support the construction and improvement of hygienic infrastructures in many government schools, the issue of hygiene in majority of the primary schools is still questionable. Feces and urine are not properly disposed of into the pits in most of the primary schools. During the study, it was observed that despite the presence of hand washing facilities in most schools, a number of pupils were found not washing their hands when they came out from the latrines. Rarely, a few pupils were observed washing their hands with clean water and soap after using the toilets. Thus this study aimed to investigate the general knowledge and perception of the pupils on general hygiene as well as to assess the factors that can be associated with the hygienic practices. A cross sectional survey was conducted with a sample size of 792 primary school pupils in Mwanza city. To avoid excuses, the study deployed only public schools which had access to water and had the hand washing facilities installed. The study found out that majority, 773 [97.6%] out of 792 pupils reported to be aware on general hygiene, 630 pupils [79.6%] had a positive perception and only 424 [53.5%] reported to wash their hands with soap and water after they use the latrine. Generally, majority of the pupils participated in this study reported to be aware on general hygiene. Majority of the participants also had a positive perception on hygienic practices. Hygienic practices were associated with location of schools in municipalities and perception of individuals. The study recommends that the stakeholders should continue with the provision of hygienic education and especially on the impact of the poor hygienic behavior.
Abstract: Despite the efforts done by the Government of the United Republic of Tanzania and other private entities to provide hygienic education and support the construction and improvement of hygienic infrastructures in many government schools, the issue of hygiene in majority of the primary schools is still questionable. Feces and urine are not properly di...
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