Evaluation of Seasonal Variation of Physico-Chemical Parameters of Hospital Wastewater Treatment Plant

Abdullahi Ahmed Fatima; Abdullahi Shuaibu Akpai; Abolude David Sunday; Muhammad Muktar Namadi

doi:doi:10.11648/j.aas.20220704.13

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Evaluation of Seasonal Variation of Physico-Chemical Parameters of Hospital Wastewater Treatment Plant

Abdullahi Ahmed Fatima, Abdullahi Shuaibu Akpai, Abolude David Sunday, Muhammad Muktar Namadi

Published in Advances in Applied Sciences (Volume 7, Issue 4)

Received: 20 July 2022 Accepted: 27 September 2022 Published: 30 October 2022

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Abstract

Water defilement is one of the alarming problems in our society due continuous sewage/wastewater disposal without adequate treatment. Physicochemical parameters of water are one criterion to determine the level of contamination of water. In this study, Seasonal variations of physicochemical parameters of a Teaching Hospital wastewater treatment plant in Zaria were evaluated to ascertain the pollution load and determined the significant difference between Influent and Effluent contaminant concentration. Both Influent and Effluent samples were analyzed during dry and wet seasons using standard instrumental techniques. Descriptive statistics was used for data analysis to evaluate the significant differences between the means of the samples. The parameters assessed were pH, Temperature, EC, TDS, Cl, PO₄^-, DO, BOD, COD, Na, K, NO₃, TSS, NH₃ and SO₄. The result obtained with respect to PO₄^- between dry and wet seasons were (48.41 ± 6.96a dry season) / (28.72 ± 5.2b wet season), with significance difference at P > 0.05. Similarly, HCO₃^- (6.04 ± 0.19a dry season) / (3.68 ± 0.96b wet season) and BOD (111.26 ± 3.36b dry season) / (245.48 ± 13.59a wet season) all from Influent. While results obtained from the effluent with significant difference in dry and wet seasons were BOD (144.36 ± 6.35b dry season) / (258.26 ± 15.17a wet season) at P > 0.05. Generally, pH (7.52 ± 0.45/7.58 ± 0.38) Temperature (22.50 ± 0.76 / 25.17 ± 0.31), EC (1020.17 ± 51.40 / 914.57 ± 9.48), NO₃ (4.12 ± 0.96 / 3.74 ± 1.5), TDS (511.33 ± 20.25 / 508.23 ± 36.90), Cl (108.62 ± 3.47 / 215.87 ± 6.14) and SO₄ (8.17 ± 0.14 / 12.54 ± 40.04), were within the acceptable threshold of FAO, NESREA and WHO guidelines. However parameters such as PO₄^- (61.80 ± 9.25/53.63 ± 6.14), BOD (144.36 ± 6.35 / 258.26 ± 15.17), DO (16.13 ± 1.46), COD (409.917 ± 86.72 / 565.83 ± 79.25) TSS (16.66 ± 8.027 / 25.36 ± 6.51), and NH₃^- (0.99 ± 0.14 / 0.91 ± 0.40) were found to be above the acceptable threshold of FAO, NESREA and WHO guidelines and standards. The study concludes that the treatment plant does not effectively treat the wastewater and could therefore, lead to possible contamination to the downstream water which can pose health issues to humans and crops when used for irrigation.

Published in	Advances in Applied Sciences (Volume 7, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.aas.20220704.13
Page(s)	120-124
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Wastewater, Influent, Effluent, Seasonal Variation, Pollution

References

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[3]	Arimieari L. W., Sangodoyin A. Y., Ereoforiokuma N. S, (2014). Assessment of surface water quality in some selected locations in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. International Journal of Engineering and Technology, 3: 1146-1151.
[4]	Ogbonna O., Jimoh W. L., Awagu E. F and Bamishaiye, E. I (2011). Determination of some Trace elements in water samples within Kano metropolis. Advanced applied Science research, 2 (2): 62-68.
[5]	Enyoh, C. E; Verla, A. W and Egejuru, N. J (2018). pH variations and chemometric assessment of borehole water in Orji, Owerri Imo State. Nigeria. Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry. 5 (2), 1-9.
[6]	Bagalkar, N. W and Giri P. M (2017). Studies on physicochemical parameters to assess the water quality of ground water sources of different places in Daryapur Tahsil Maharashtra (India). International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD), 2 (1): 1458-1465.
[7]	Ofori, S., Puskachova, A., Ruzickova, I and Wannner, J (2021). Treated Wastewater reuse for irrigation: Pros and Cons. Science of the Total environment, 760, 144026.
[8]	Adbarzi, S. S., Tripathi, P., Choudary, K. K., Kant, R and Tripathi, V. (2020). Assessment of physicochemical properties of pre and post treated wastewater of Prayagraj region and its effect on nearby Ganges River. Vegetos 33, 258-264.
[9]	Tsegahun, A (2018). Review on hospital wastewater as a source of emerging drug resistance pathogens. Journal of research in Environmental Science and toxicology, 7 (2): 47-52.
[10]	Ramachandra, S; Latha, N and Ramachandra M. (2014). Studies on population Dynamics and Seasonal Abundance of Zooplankton community in Dadda Vodera Hall lake Bangalore, International Journal of emerging Trends Engineering Development 4 (1): 50-55.
[11]	Kumar, M and Kumar, R (2013). Assessment of physicochemical properties of groundwater in granite mining area in Goramachia, Jhansi (India). International Resource Journal of environmental Science. 2: 19-24.
[12]	Adedeji, H. A; Idowu, T. A; Usman, M. A; and Sogbesan, O. A (2019). Seasonal Variations in the physicochemical parameters of Lake Ribadu, Adamawa State Nigeria. International Journal of fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 7 (1): 79-82.
[13]	Dame, C; Birame, N; Mamar, N; Ibrahima, D; Cheik, T. D; Maoudo H. and Abdoulaye, D. (2020). Comparative study of physicochemical parameters of wastewater discharged at the beaches of the Dakar Coast. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. 14 (2): 64-69.
[14]	Jackson, A. N; Bernard, F. B and Osei A (2020). Seasonal Variations in Physiochemical and Nutrient water quality of River Tano in Ghana. International Journal of Environmental Chemistry, 4 (1): 1-2.
[15]	Fella, H. C and Mohammed, B. E (2019). Water quality and physicochemical parameters of outgoing waters in a pharmaceutical plant. Apllied water Science, 9 (7): 1-10.

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APA Style

Abdullahi Ahmed Fatima, Abdullahi Shuaibu Akpai, Abolude David Sunday, Muhammad Muktar Namadi. (2022). Evaluation of Seasonal Variation of Physico-Chemical Parameters of Hospital Wastewater Treatment Plant. Advances in Applied Sciences, 7(4), 120-124. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aas.20220704.13

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ACS Style

Abdullahi Ahmed Fatima; Abdullahi Shuaibu Akpai; Abolude David Sunday; Muhammad Muktar Namadi. Evaluation of Seasonal Variation of Physico-Chemical Parameters of Hospital Wastewater Treatment Plant. Adv. Appl. Sci. 2022, 7(4), 120-124. doi: 10.11648/j.aas.20220704.13

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AMA Style

Abdullahi Ahmed Fatima, Abdullahi Shuaibu Akpai, Abolude David Sunday, Muhammad Muktar Namadi. Evaluation of Seasonal Variation of Physico-Chemical Parameters of Hospital Wastewater Treatment Plant. Adv Appl Sci. 2022;7(4):120-124. doi: 10.11648/j.aas.20220704.13

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@article{10.11648/j.aas.20220704.13,
  author = {Abdullahi Ahmed Fatima and Abdullahi Shuaibu Akpai and Abolude David Sunday and Muhammad Muktar Namadi},
  title = {Evaluation of Seasonal Variation of Physico-Chemical Parameters of Hospital Wastewater Treatment Plant},
  journal = {Advances in Applied Sciences},
  volume = {7},
  number = {4},
  pages = {120-124},
  doi = {10.11648/j.aas.20220704.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aas.20220704.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.aas.20220704.13},
  abstract = {Water defilement is one of the alarming problems in our society due continuous sewage/wastewater disposal without adequate treatment. Physicochemical parameters of water are one criterion to determine the level of contamination of water. In this study, Seasonal variations of physicochemical parameters of a Teaching Hospital wastewater treatment plant in Zaria were evaluated to ascertain the pollution load and determined the significant difference between Influent and Effluent contaminant concentration. Both Influent and Effluent samples were analyzed during dry and wet seasons using standard instrumental techniques. Descriptive statistics was used for data analysis to evaluate the significant differences between the means of the samples. The parameters assessed were pH, Temperature, EC, TDS, Cl, PO4-, DO, BOD, COD, Na, K, NO3, TSS, NH3 and SO4. The result obtained with respect to PO4- between dry and wet seasons were (48.41 ± 6.96a dry season) / (28.72 ± 5.2b wet season), with significance difference at P > 0.05. Similarly, HCO3- (6.04 ± 0.19a dry season) / (3.68 ± 0.96b wet season) and BOD (111.26 ± 3.36b dry season) / (245.48 ± 13.59a wet season) all from Influent. While results obtained from the effluent with significant difference in dry and wet seasons were BOD (144.36 ± 6.35b dry season) / (258.26 ± 15.17a wet season) at P > 0.05. Generally, pH (7.52 ± 0.45/7.58 ± 0.38) Temperature (22.50 ± 0.76 / 25.17 ± 0.31), EC (1020.17 ± 51.40 / 914.57 ± 9.48), NO3 (4.12 ± 0.96 / 3.74 ± 1.5), TDS (511.33 ± 20.25 / 508.23 ± 36.90), Cl (108.62 ± 3.47 / 215.87 ± 6.14) and SO4 (8.17 ± 0.14 / 12.54 ± 40.04), were within the acceptable threshold of FAO, NESREA and WHO guidelines. However parameters such as PO4- (61.80 ± 9.25/53.63 ± 6.14), BOD (144.36 ± 6.35 / 258.26 ± 15.17), DO (16.13 ± 1.46), COD (409.917 ± 86.72 / 565.83 ± 79.25) TSS (16.66 ± 8.027 / 25.36 ± 6.51), and NH3- (0.99 ± 0.14 / 0.91 ± 0.40) were found to be above the acceptable threshold of FAO, NESREA and WHO guidelines and standards. The study concludes that the treatment plant does not effectively treat the wastewater and could therefore, lead to possible contamination to the downstream water which can pose health issues to humans and crops when used for irrigation.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Evaluation of Seasonal Variation of Physico-Chemical Parameters of Hospital Wastewater Treatment Plant
AU  - Abdullahi Ahmed Fatima
AU  - Abdullahi Shuaibu Akpai
AU  - Abolude David Sunday
AU  - Muhammad Muktar Namadi
Y1  - 2022/10/30
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aas.20220704.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.aas.20220704.13
T2  - Advances in Applied Sciences
JF  - Advances in Applied Sciences
JO  - Advances in Applied Sciences
SP  - 120
EP  - 124
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1514
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aas.20220704.13
AB  - Water defilement is one of the alarming problems in our society due continuous sewage/wastewater disposal without adequate treatment. Physicochemical parameters of water are one criterion to determine the level of contamination of water. In this study, Seasonal variations of physicochemical parameters of a Teaching Hospital wastewater treatment plant in Zaria were evaluated to ascertain the pollution load and determined the significant difference between Influent and Effluent contaminant concentration. Both Influent and Effluent samples were analyzed during dry and wet seasons using standard instrumental techniques. Descriptive statistics was used for data analysis to evaluate the significant differences between the means of the samples. The parameters assessed were pH, Temperature, EC, TDS, Cl, PO4-, DO, BOD, COD, Na, K, NO3, TSS, NH3 and SO4. The result obtained with respect to PO4- between dry and wet seasons were (48.41 ± 6.96a dry season) / (28.72 ± 5.2b wet season), with significance difference at P > 0.05. Similarly, HCO3- (6.04 ± 0.19a dry season) / (3.68 ± 0.96b wet season) and BOD (111.26 ± 3.36b dry season) / (245.48 ± 13.59a wet season) all from Influent. While results obtained from the effluent with significant difference in dry and wet seasons were BOD (144.36 ± 6.35b dry season) / (258.26 ± 15.17a wet season) at P > 0.05. Generally, pH (7.52 ± 0.45/7.58 ± 0.38) Temperature (22.50 ± 0.76 / 25.17 ± 0.31), EC (1020.17 ± 51.40 / 914.57 ± 9.48), NO3 (4.12 ± 0.96 / 3.74 ± 1.5), TDS (511.33 ± 20.25 / 508.23 ± 36.90), Cl (108.62 ± 3.47 / 215.87 ± 6.14) and SO4 (8.17 ± 0.14 / 12.54 ± 40.04), were within the acceptable threshold of FAO, NESREA and WHO guidelines. However parameters such as PO4- (61.80 ± 9.25/53.63 ± 6.14), BOD (144.36 ± 6.35 / 258.26 ± 15.17), DO (16.13 ± 1.46), COD (409.917 ± 86.72 / 565.83 ± 79.25) TSS (16.66 ± 8.027 / 25.36 ± 6.51), and NH3- (0.99 ± 0.14 / 0.91 ± 0.40) were found to be above the acceptable threshold of FAO, NESREA and WHO guidelines and standards. The study concludes that the treatment plant does not effectively treat the wastewater and could therefore, lead to possible contamination to the downstream water which can pose health issues to humans and crops when used for irrigation.
VL  - 7
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Abdullahi Ahmed Fatima

Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria
Abdullahi Shuaibu Akpai

Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
Abolude David Sunday

Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
Muhammad Muktar Namadi

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Nigerian Defence Academy (NDA), Kaduna, Nigeria

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APA Style

Abdullahi Ahmed Fatima, Abdullahi Shuaibu Akpai, Abolude David Sunday, Muhammad Muktar Namadi. (2022). Evaluation of Seasonal Variation of Physico-Chemical Parameters of Hospital Wastewater Treatment Plant. Advances in Applied Sciences, 7(4), 120-124. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aas.20220704.13

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ACS Style

Abdullahi Ahmed Fatima; Abdullahi Shuaibu Akpai; Abolude David Sunday; Muhammad Muktar Namadi. Evaluation of Seasonal Variation of Physico-Chemical Parameters of Hospital Wastewater Treatment Plant. Adv. Appl. Sci. 2022, 7(4), 120-124. doi: 10.11648/j.aas.20220704.13

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AMA Style

Abdullahi Ahmed Fatima, Abdullahi Shuaibu Akpai, Abolude David Sunday, Muhammad Muktar Namadi. Evaluation of Seasonal Variation of Physico-Chemical Parameters of Hospital Wastewater Treatment Plant. Adv Appl Sci. 2022;7(4):120-124. doi: 10.11648/j.aas.20220704.13

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.aas.20220704.13,
  author = {Abdullahi Ahmed Fatima and Abdullahi Shuaibu Akpai and Abolude David Sunday and Muhammad Muktar Namadi},
  title = {Evaluation of Seasonal Variation of Physico-Chemical Parameters of Hospital Wastewater Treatment Plant},
  journal = {Advances in Applied Sciences},
  volume = {7},
  number = {4},
  pages = {120-124},
  doi = {10.11648/j.aas.20220704.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aas.20220704.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.aas.20220704.13},
  abstract = {Water defilement is one of the alarming problems in our society due continuous sewage/wastewater disposal without adequate treatment. Physicochemical parameters of water are one criterion to determine the level of contamination of water. In this study, Seasonal variations of physicochemical parameters of a Teaching Hospital wastewater treatment plant in Zaria were evaluated to ascertain the pollution load and determined the significant difference between Influent and Effluent contaminant concentration. Both Influent and Effluent samples were analyzed during dry and wet seasons using standard instrumental techniques. Descriptive statistics was used for data analysis to evaluate the significant differences between the means of the samples. The parameters assessed were pH, Temperature, EC, TDS, Cl, PO4-, DO, BOD, COD, Na, K, NO3, TSS, NH3 and SO4. The result obtained with respect to PO4- between dry and wet seasons were (48.41 ± 6.96a dry season) / (28.72 ± 5.2b wet season), with significance difference at P > 0.05. Similarly, HCO3- (6.04 ± 0.19a dry season) / (3.68 ± 0.96b wet season) and BOD (111.26 ± 3.36b dry season) / (245.48 ± 13.59a wet season) all from Influent. While results obtained from the effluent with significant difference in dry and wet seasons were BOD (144.36 ± 6.35b dry season) / (258.26 ± 15.17a wet season) at P > 0.05. Generally, pH (7.52 ± 0.45/7.58 ± 0.38) Temperature (22.50 ± 0.76 / 25.17 ± 0.31), EC (1020.17 ± 51.40 / 914.57 ± 9.48), NO3 (4.12 ± 0.96 / 3.74 ± 1.5), TDS (511.33 ± 20.25 / 508.23 ± 36.90), Cl (108.62 ± 3.47 / 215.87 ± 6.14) and SO4 (8.17 ± 0.14 / 12.54 ± 40.04), were within the acceptable threshold of FAO, NESREA and WHO guidelines. However parameters such as PO4- (61.80 ± 9.25/53.63 ± 6.14), BOD (144.36 ± 6.35 / 258.26 ± 15.17), DO (16.13 ± 1.46), COD (409.917 ± 86.72 / 565.83 ± 79.25) TSS (16.66 ± 8.027 / 25.36 ± 6.51), and NH3- (0.99 ± 0.14 / 0.91 ± 0.40) were found to be above the acceptable threshold of FAO, NESREA and WHO guidelines and standards. The study concludes that the treatment plant does not effectively treat the wastewater and could therefore, lead to possible contamination to the downstream water which can pose health issues to humans and crops when used for irrigation.},
 year = {2022}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Evaluation of Seasonal Variation of Physico-Chemical Parameters of Hospital Wastewater Treatment Plant
AU  - Abdullahi Ahmed Fatima
AU  - Abdullahi Shuaibu Akpai
AU  - Abolude David Sunday
AU  - Muhammad Muktar Namadi
Y1  - 2022/10/30
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aas.20220704.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.aas.20220704.13
T2  - Advances in Applied Sciences
JF  - Advances in Applied Sciences
JO  - Advances in Applied Sciences
SP  - 120
EP  - 124
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1514
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aas.20220704.13
AB  - Water defilement is one of the alarming problems in our society due continuous sewage/wastewater disposal without adequate treatment. Physicochemical parameters of water are one criterion to determine the level of contamination of water. In this study, Seasonal variations of physicochemical parameters of a Teaching Hospital wastewater treatment plant in Zaria were evaluated to ascertain the pollution load and determined the significant difference between Influent and Effluent contaminant concentration. Both Influent and Effluent samples were analyzed during dry and wet seasons using standard instrumental techniques. Descriptive statistics was used for data analysis to evaluate the significant differences between the means of the samples. The parameters assessed were pH, Temperature, EC, TDS, Cl, PO4-, DO, BOD, COD, Na, K, NO3, TSS, NH3 and SO4. The result obtained with respect to PO4- between dry and wet seasons were (48.41 ± 6.96a dry season) / (28.72 ± 5.2b wet season), with significance difference at P > 0.05. Similarly, HCO3- (6.04 ± 0.19a dry season) / (3.68 ± 0.96b wet season) and BOD (111.26 ± 3.36b dry season) / (245.48 ± 13.59a wet season) all from Influent. While results obtained from the effluent with significant difference in dry and wet seasons were BOD (144.36 ± 6.35b dry season) / (258.26 ± 15.17a wet season) at P > 0.05. Generally, pH (7.52 ± 0.45/7.58 ± 0.38) Temperature (22.50 ± 0.76 / 25.17 ± 0.31), EC (1020.17 ± 51.40 / 914.57 ± 9.48), NO3 (4.12 ± 0.96 / 3.74 ± 1.5), TDS (511.33 ± 20.25 / 508.23 ± 36.90), Cl (108.62 ± 3.47 / 215.87 ± 6.14) and SO4 (8.17 ± 0.14 / 12.54 ± 40.04), were within the acceptable threshold of FAO, NESREA and WHO guidelines. However parameters such as PO4- (61.80 ± 9.25/53.63 ± 6.14), BOD (144.36 ± 6.35 / 258.26 ± 15.17), DO (16.13 ± 1.46), COD (409.917 ± 86.72 / 565.83 ± 79.25) TSS (16.66 ± 8.027 / 25.36 ± 6.51), and NH3- (0.99 ± 0.14 / 0.91 ± 0.40) were found to be above the acceptable threshold of FAO, NESREA and WHO guidelines and standards. The study concludes that the treatment plant does not effectively treat the wastewater and could therefore, lead to possible contamination to the downstream water which can pose health issues to humans and crops when used for irrigation.
VL  - 7
IS  - 4
ER  -

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