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Pre-extension Demonstration and Evaluation of Biofertilizer (Brhadirhizobium japonicum) TAL-379 Strain on Soybean at Guto Gida and Wayu Tuka Districts, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Olifan Fikadu,
Temesgen Chimdessa,
Chalsisa Takele
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, December 2022
Pages:
10-15
Received:
12 May 2022
Accepted:
20 June 2022
Published:
5 July 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.be.20220602.11
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Abstract: Declining of Soil fertility is the most known challenging factor of agriculture which limits crop production in Ethiopia. To increase agricultural productivity, farmers have to use fertilizers. There are many types of fertilizers in our world that enhances agricultural productivity even though many of them have drawback. The technology of using Integrated Plant Nutrient Management (IPNM) is the alternative method to increase sustainable productivity because of its zero negative impact on environment and soil. Among IPNM components, biological nitrogen fixation is the good method to fix nitrogen and improve soil fertility. This experiment was conducted in 2019 &2020 to evaluate the effectiveness of Birhadyrhzobium japonicum biofertilizer strain-379 and the result obtained from plant height, pod number/plant, branch number/plant, yields and yield components were shown significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) with Birhadyrhzobium japonicum biofertilizer strain-379 comparing with the treatment with no any fertilizer and chemical N fertilizer at Wayu Tuka. This study present recommends using of rhizobium biofertilize TAL-379 strains in the production of soybean to increase grain yields and yield component at Wayu Tuka district, but in Guto Gida district, the experiment result shown chemical N fertilizer is significant difference at (P ≤ 0.05) when comparing with the strain-379.
Abstract: Declining of Soil fertility is the most known challenging factor of agriculture which limits crop production in Ethiopia. To increase agricultural productivity, farmers have to use fertilizers. There are many types of fertilizers in our world that enhances agricultural productivity even though many of them have drawback. The technology of using Int...
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Effect of Genotype by Environment Interaction on Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes in Midland of Guji Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Aliyi Kedir,
Seyoum Alemu,
Yared Tesfaye,
Kabna Asefa,
Girma Teshome
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, December 2022
Pages:
16-21
Received:
12 June 2022
Accepted:
5 July 2022
Published:
13 July 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.be.20220602.12
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Abstract: Today, wheat is among the most important crops grown in Ethiopia, both as a source of food for consumers and as a source of income for farmers. Since Ethiopia is known for its diverse agro-ecology the performance of genotypes varies within and across environments and genotypes respond differently to different environments. Therefore, studies on Genotype by Environment (GxE) interaction help to determine whether or not a genotype is stable in performance over a range of environments. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the best stable bread wheat genotype for midland areas of Guji Zone and analysis of the environment by GGE-biplot. In this experiment, 19 bread wheat genotypes were evaluated using RCBD with three replications at six different environments of midland Guji Zone of southern Ethiopia. The combined analysis of variance revealed that, there were highly significant differences among environments and among genotypes (p < 0.001) for grain yield and yield components and for growth parameters except for days to emergence which was non-significant, indicating the presence of variability in genotypes as well as diversity of growing conditions at different locations. The GxE interaction was highly significant (p < 0.001) for all traits except that of thousand seed weight (TSW) which is non-significant GxE interaction. Environments explained 89.89%, genotypes 8.29% and GxE 1.83% of the variability in grin yield. This shows that, the genotypes highly influenced by environment. Wadara 2017 (E3) and Wadara 2018 (E6) was the most biasing environment while Gobicha 2018 (E5) followed by Dufa (2017) was the least discriminating environments. The environment grouped in to two mega environments. E1, E2 and E3 the same group and E4, E5 and E6 are the same group. ETBW8408 (G7) and ETBW8415 (G10) were high grain yield and found as stable, and therefore, recommended for wide adaptation. Again, the advanced ETBW8408 (G7) genotype was verified and released as new variety for wider production. Danda’a (G1) and ETBW8370 (G3) were low yielder and unstable genotypes. Those genotypes gave high grain yield, but unstable may be included in other breeding program, crossing.
Abstract: Today, wheat is among the most important crops grown in Ethiopia, both as a source of food for consumers and as a source of income for farmers. Since Ethiopia is known for its diverse agro-ecology the performance of genotypes varies within and across environments and genotypes respond differently to different environments. Therefore, studies on Gen...
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Study of Creatonatos sp. Distribution, Biology and Its Natural Enemy on Rice in South Gondar, Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, December 2022
Pages:
22-26
Received:
15 June 2022
Accepted:
4 July 2022
Published:
13 July 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.be.20220602.13
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Abstract: One of the most significant biological limits on rice productivity is insect pests, but the extent of the damage depends on the crop's growth and the number of biotic and abiotic pressures that are influencing it. The study's objective was to evaluate the distribution, biology, and damage caused by novel insect pests in three rice-growing regions in Ethiopia's South Gondar Zone in 2021. Visual evaluation was used to identify the insects and to gather additional natural enemies using hand nets. Taxonomic keys were used to identify natural enemies morphologically. In this experiment, the natural enemy density was calculated using the frequency of insect pest presence on rice plants at various locations using 2m2 quadrants. The biology of the insect was studied by using rearing cage in the FNRRTC entomology laboratory. The result implied that the insects, Creatonatos sp. found in all assessed area, and found in both upland and lowland rice. Even though, the insect found in all the assessed area, its damage seams less. The survey also found the diversity of natural enemy on rice paddy in south Gondar Zone. From the biological study Creatonatos sp are Holometabolous (Complete metamorphosis), insect life cycle passes 4 stage, which are egg, instars, pupa, and adult.
Abstract: One of the most significant biological limits on rice productivity is insect pests, but the extent of the damage depends on the crop's growth and the number of biotic and abiotic pressures that are influencing it. The study's objective was to evaluate the distribution, biology, and damage caused by novel insect pests in three rice-growing regions i...
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Simulation of a Process Unit for the Recovery of Light Ends from Natural Gas Mixture
Dagde Kekpugile Kenneth,
Akpa Jackson Gonurubon,
Adeloye Olalekan Michael,
Nnanna Henry Douglas
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, December 2022
Pages:
27-33
Received:
9 October 2021
Accepted:
1 November 2021
Published:
20 July 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.be.20220602.14
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Abstract: Simulation of a process unit for the recovery of light ends from natural gas was carried out in this study by considering a three stage process column. The three stage process column was designed and simulated for the recovery of methane, ethane and propane from natural gas mixture respectively. The unit operations adopted in achieving these separations were de-methanizer column for absorption of methane and distillation unit using de-ethanizer column for ethane and de-propanizer column for propane recovery respectively. The process was imulated using Aspen Hysys and the result obtained showed 98% recovery of methane from de-methanizer column, 97.7% of ethane from de-ethanizer column and 94.7% of propane obtained from de-propanizer column respectively. Functional parameters effects such as variations of temperature, pressure, molecular weight and flow were investigated in the three stage separator (De-methanizer, De-ethanizer and De-propanizer). In addition, methane was obtained from de-methanizer column at temperature of -92.69°C, pressure of 2275KPa, flow rate of 1322Kgmole/h and molecular weight of 16.37g/mole, ethane was obtained from de-ethanizer column at temperature of 5.299°C, pressure of 2725KPa, flow rate of 320Kgmole/h and molecular weight of 30.37g/mole and propane was obtained from de-propanizer column at temperature of 46.49°C, pressure of 1585KPa and molecular weight of 43.91g/mole respectively.
Abstract: Simulation of a process unit for the recovery of light ends from natural gas was carried out in this study by considering a three stage process column. The three stage process column was designed and simulated for the recovery of methane, ethane and propane from natural gas mixture respectively. The unit operations adopted in achieving these separa...
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Effect of Initial Moisture Content of Maize Grain on Moisture Removal Rate and Energy Used in Experimental Vertical Pneumatic Dryer
Meshack Kipruto Korir,
Musa Rugiri Njue,
Daudi Mongeri Nyaanga
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, December 2022
Pages:
34-39
Received:
28 October 2022
Accepted:
28 November 2022
Published:
8 December 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.be.20220602.15
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Abstract: Maize is a staple food and source of income in Kenya. However, postharvest losses are estimated at 12% to 20% of the national total output primarily due to high moisture storage. Drying to safe level of 13.5% before storage is essential. One of the main factors which influence drying process is initial moisture content (MC) of the grain. Therefore, this paper presents the effect of initial MC of maize grain on moisture removal rate (MRR) and energy used in drying. The experiments were based on selected initial MC levels of 20%, 25% and 30%, wet basis (wb). The first experiment involved loading experimental vertical pneumatic dryer with 70.0 kg of wet maize grain with initial MC of 20%. The grain was then dried for 2 hours as MRR and energy used monitored at an interval of 15 minutes. The grain and drying air mass flow rate was controlled at 771 kg/h and 547 kg/h, respectively. The plenum chamber air temperature was maintained at 70°C using proportional integral derivative controller. The maize grain variety used was hybrid 614 sourced from a farmer in Njoro sub-County, Nakuru County, Kenya. Similar experiments were repeated but using maize grain with initial MC of 25% and 30%, wb. The MC of 20%, 25% and 30% were obtained by rewetting maize grain with initial MC of 11.4% (wb) in tap water at a temperature of 18°C for 0.75 hours, 1.75 hours and 5.75 hours, respectively. The MRR results ranged from 0.0914 kg/kg.h to 0.0357 kg/kg.h for maize grain with initial MC of 20%, 0.1043 kg/kg.h to 0.0556 kg/kg.h for 25% and 0.1185 kg/kg.h to 0.0705 kg/kg.h for 30%. The energy used for air heating (Ea) for each level of MC was 10.5 kWh. The energy used for grain transportation (Eg) was 4.6 kWh for MC of 20%, 4.8 kWh for 25% and 5.0 kWh for 30%. Data analysis results showed that the initial MC of the maize grain had significant effect (P < 0.05) on MRR. However, the effect of initial MC on Ea and Eg was not significant (P > 0.05).
Abstract: Maize is a staple food and source of income in Kenya. However, postharvest losses are estimated at 12% to 20% of the national total output primarily due to high moisture storage. Drying to safe level of 13.5% before storage is essential. One of the main factors which influence drying process is initial moisture content (MC) of the grain. Therefore,...
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Validation of Simulation Models for Mass Flow Rate of Maize Grain Through Horizontal Circular Orifices
Meshack Kipruto Korir,
Musa Rugiri Njue,
Daudi Mongeri Nyaanga
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, December 2022
Pages:
40-45
Received:
30 October 2022
Accepted:
28 November 2022
Published:
8 December 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.be.20220602.16
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Abstract: The mass flow rate (MFR) of maize grain is essential in determining appropriate size of orifice for flow control. There are several simulation models for MFR that have been developed. However, there is need for a reliable simulation model for MFR of maize grain through horizontal circular orifices. In this paper, the Beverloo, British Code of Practice (BCP) and Tudor simulation models for MFR were validated. The experimental results used in validation were obtained by discharging 12.0 kg of maize grain (Hybrid 614 variety) through horizontal circular orifices with diameters ranging from 0.040 m to 0.056 m. The time taken for the grain to flow through the orifices was recorded and MFR determined. The moisture content of the maize grain used was 11.4%, wet basis. The actual MFR ranged from 720 kg/h to 1735 kg/h, 650 kg/h to 2006 kg/h for Beverloo, 851 kg/h to 2378 kg/h for BCP and 867 kg/h to 2010 kg/h for Tudor model. The data analysis showed that none of the simulation models results best fitted the experimental. Therefore, New model was established based on MATLAB R2019a curve fitting tool. The New model results corroborated with the experimental. In addition, the models performance evaluation results showed that the New model had higher coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.9965), lower root mean square error (RMSE = 24.8 kg/h), lower absolute residual error (εr = 0.6%) and higher simulation performance at 10% residual error (ηsim,10% = 100%) than Beverloo, BCP and Tudor model. This implied that the New model was more reliable for simulating MFR of maize grain through horizontal circular orifices compared with Beverloo, BCP and Tudor model.
Abstract: The mass flow rate (MFR) of maize grain is essential in determining appropriate size of orifice for flow control. There are several simulation models for MFR that have been developed. However, there is need for a reliable simulation model for MFR of maize grain through horizontal circular orifices. In this paper, the Beverloo, British Code of Pract...
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