Case Report
Improving Productivity on Machining Sector Based on Layout Arrangement Proposal Case Study of Mechanical Workshop in Ethiopia
Zemenay Sahile Hailegebreal*
,
Metie Nigusse Assefinaw
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, December 2025
Pages:
50-63
Received:
25 August 2025
Accepted:
15 September 2025
Published:
9 October 2025
Abstract: In work environments and industries, there are several factors that contribute to the fall of productivity and these factors have been the cause of several investigations so that one can minimize the issue of cleaner and complexity of production in mechanical machines workshops and other engineering branches, in order to provide satisfaction, safety and increased production part of the organization customer satisfaction. The planning of the physical arrangement presents itself as an aspect that can confer decisive improvements, since in addition to defining the flow of materials in the production process. The present case study aims to present a proposal for the implementation of the improved layout in the mechanical workshop of the Ethiopia “Selam workshop” located in Kotbe. The current layout of the Selam machinery workshop has exerted negative influence on issues such as production volume, system flexibility and even material and labor costs. In machining shops specifically, there are many process variables that make it difficult to work on improving the productivity index. Here, it analyzed the production process in the machining sector in which the process variables are from the high amount of shapes of the parts to the position of the machines, tools, and differentiated production devices. It analyzes the production process in two moments based on the production time. In the first, productivity before and, in the other, after the study and process changes focused on approximation of sectors, tools, using as work philosophy the Lean Manufacturing (takt time) to control the production time, especially with regard to the techniques of continuous improvement through the SPL Muther (approximation of sectors). Here are presented three layouts proposals, the first, is general occupation with new compartments or arranged compartments, the second, layout of the machinery in the line of Machining and a third layout for the flow of people and goods. Therefore, with the implementation of this project were met general aspects to the needs of the projected, bringing about changes like: reduction of complexity in production in the line of machining, creation of warehouses for raw material and finished products, increased sectorial cooperation, increase of the final quality of the service provided, enhancement of the workers' ergonomic settings.
Abstract: In work environments and industries, there are several factors that contribute to the fall of productivity and these factors have been the cause of several investigations so that one can minimize the issue of cleaner and complexity of production in mechanical machines workshops and other engineering branches, in order to provide satisfaction, safet...
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Research Article
Industrial-Scale Oxidative Desulfurization: Comprehensive Process Design and Economic Study for Maritime Oil Production
Inam Ullah*
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, December 2025
Pages:
64-87
Received:
11 September 2025
Accepted:
20 September 2025
Published:
9 October 2025
Abstract: The International Maritime Organisation (IMO) has implemented stringent regulations regarding carbon emissions in marine fuels in response to growing environmental concerns and global warming. These regulations impose significant and costly constraints on refining processes. Oxidative desulfurization (ODS) emerges as an effective desulfurization method, offering advantages such as mild operational conditions and hydrogen-free processing compared to conventional hydrodesulfurization (HDS). ODS can be implemented independently or in complement to existing HDS systems. The process converts sulfonic compounds through oxidative mechanisms, forming polar sulfones, which are subsequently separated via liquid-liquid extraction, purification, and concentration techniques. This research presents a comprehensive analysis and modelling of sulfur-containing oxidised compound separation from fuel oil using ODS technology advancements. Acetic acid functioned as a catalyst while hydrogen peroxide served as an oxidizing agent. The investigation encompassed ODS modelling followed by absorption-based sulfone extraction, with additional adsorption and distillation procedures for effluent, solvent, and oxidant recovery. Simulation results demonstrate successful operation at 80°C under moderate pressure below 5 bar. The initial sulfur content of 3.5 wt% was reduced to less than 0.5 wt%. Sensitivity analysis revealed conversion rates increased from 84% to 98% when reactor diameter expanded from 0.5m to 1.2m. Enhanced performance resulted from increased hydrogen peroxide flow rates (0.5 to 1.5 kg/h), elevated pressure (1.5 to 5 bar), and optimised temperatures. Process optimization achieved 55.57% exergy efficiency, 1.75% solvent waste rate, and 0.22% final sulfur concentration.
Abstract: The International Maritime Organisation (IMO) has implemented stringent regulations regarding carbon emissions in marine fuels in response to growing environmental concerns and global warming. These regulations impose significant and costly constraints on refining processes. Oxidative desulfurization (ODS) emerges as an effective desulfurization me...
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Research Article
Digital Legacy Inheritance System Architecture:
A Systematic Analysis Using PlantUML C4 Model
Osamu Okumura*
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, December 2025
Pages:
88-108
Received:
3 November 2025
Accepted:
20 November 2025
Published:
17 December 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ae.20250902.13
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: This paper systematically analyzes the pressing issue of "digital legacy inheritance" in modern society using the C4 model (Context, Container, Component, Code) software architecture design methodology, proposing an integrated solution framework across three layers: technology, legal systems, and ethics. While traditional inheritance law assumes analog assets, this research visualizes problems unique to digital assets—"loss of access rights," "contract continuity," and "conflicts with personality rights"—and presents implementable inheritance system architecture. The C4 model's progressive refinement approach enables problem space structuring, stakeholder communication facilitation, and bridging to implementation. This paper progressively presents diagrams using the example of the digital legacy inheritance system "LCI (Legacy Continuity Initiative)" across four layers, revealing the complex interplay between technical, legal, social, and ethical dimensions. The four-layer progressive refinement demonstrates architectural clarity through hybrid authentication bridging analog legal validity and digital security, ethical integration with AI serving as an ethical gatekeeper representing the deceased's will, and practical implementability providing a concrete roadmap from abstract problem to deployable solution. Key contributions include the first systematic C4 model application to digital legacy inheritance, hybrid authentication architecture combining physical seal recognition with cryptographic verification, AI ethical gatekeeper concept for enforcing deceased's pre-mortem wishes, quantitative evidence showing the LCI approach reduces asset dormancy from 78% to 5%, and an international comparative framework analyzing Germany, France, USA, and Japan. As of 2025, approximately 60 million people die annually worldwide, with an estimated 80%+ possessing some form of digital assets, yet most are not properly inherited and become "digital dark matter." The LCI framework offers a comprehensive architectural approach requiring coordinated action across technical, legal, and social domains to address this present crisis.
Abstract: This paper systematically analyzes the pressing issue of "digital legacy inheritance" in modern society using the C4 model (Context, Container, Component, Code) software architecture design methodology, proposing an integrated solution framework across three layers: technology, legal systems, and ethics. While traditional inheritance law assumes an...
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