Corruption – Why and How; a Moral-Economic Analysis
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, April 2021
Pages:
18-28
Received:
21 December 2020
Accepted:
31 December 2020
Published:
20 April 2021
Abstract: Corruption emerged as one of main socio-political and economic problems of the countries which lead fortitude of its governments. No doubt, corruption has major implications for the distribution of income and wealth in the country, for its leading to specific patterns of expenditure and investment which leads to the illegal generation of wealth and the black money economy. As a consequence, in this paper we analyzed those significant causes of corruption on which insufficient attention has been given and ignored to the social dimension of emerging economic issues, despite the fact that social and economic issues are interlinked. Pertaining to this, we provided strong evidence of the existence of a causal link of corruption by presenting exploratory scholarship estimates using in-depth interviews of our sample households as instruments in the ground level, and by showing that our explanatory factors are actual predictors of corruption. In contrast to the previous literature, we found strong evidence in favor of the theory that institutional amelioration on moral-economic basis reduces corruption. Hence there is a growing recognition about making different and essential approach theoretically on the subject of elucidation of corruption with the intention of social institutions in moral-economic dimension.
Abstract: Corruption emerged as one of main socio-political and economic problems of the countries which lead fortitude of its governments. No doubt, corruption has major implications for the distribution of income and wealth in the country, for its leading to specific patterns of expenditure and investment which leads to the illegal generation of wealth and...
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Role of Moringa Stenopetala Based Agroforestry Practice on Rural Household Economy in Offa Woreda, Southern Ethiopia
Tagay Taye,
Yemiru Tesfaye
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, April 2021
Pages:
29-34
Received:
13 February 2021
Accepted:
9 April 2021
Published:
30 April 2021
Abstract: M.stenopetala (Haleko) gained interest lately in Ethiopia due to its plentiful roles. This study aimed at evaluating the planting practice and current role of M.stenopetala based agroforestry in households’ economy. In order to attain these objectives three Kebeles were purposively selected. The study made use of data collected from 96 respondents across wealth categories. Then selected households’ survey was done through using semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. Data analysed using Excel spread sheet where for economic profitability cost benefit analysis was generated and Net Present Value (NPV) and Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR) were calculated. Statistical Package for Social Sciences(SPSS) was used for descriptive statistics, chi-square and one way ANOVA. Results revealed that majority of respondents’ (66.7) prefer planting M.stenopetala at homegarden agroforestry arrangement because, they perceived as, it enhances the yield of undergrowth root crops. The cost production of M.stenopetala planting is a profitable business with highest positive NPV and B/C which is 181678.22 ETB (US $ 6055.94) and 29.98 respectively with a discount rate of 6% through CBA aggregated over 10 years. This indicates the returns from M.stenopetala planting would be high and economically profitable in the study area. According to One-way ANOVA, annual income gained from M.stenopetala was highest for poor households than medium and rich (p< 0.05). Therefore, it is a useful multipurpose tree in the study area whose promotion should be encouraged in order to realize its full benefits in rural livelihoods since; it associated with more benefits than costs. Therefore, it could be decided that there is a great scope to improve the existing M.stenopetala with suitable approaches for maximizing income of farmers.
Abstract: M.stenopetala (Haleko) gained interest lately in Ethiopia due to its plentiful roles. This study aimed at evaluating the planting practice and current role of M.stenopetala based agroforestry in households’ economy. In order to attain these objectives three Kebeles were purposively selected. The study made use of data collected from 96 respondents ...
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Cost-Benefit Analysis of Vishnugad-Pipalkoti Hydro-Electricity Project
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, April 2021
Pages:
35-45
Received:
24 March 2021
Accepted:
22 April 2021
Published:
30 April 2021
Abstract: Hydroelectricity is often considered to be “clean” in view of less carbon emissions especially in comparison to thermal power. However, hydropower is intrusive in the natural environment and has many environmental costs that may outweigh the benefits from reduced carbon emissions. Hydroelectricity projects (HEPs) in India are required to submit a Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) statement in the approval processes. However, the monetary value of the environmental costs is not required to be calculated and not considered in the approval process. Thus, the projects are approved even if the costs are greater than the benefits. The projects are required to submit an “Environment Management Plan” (EMP) to mitigate the adverse environmental impacts. However, the proposals made in the EMP are inadequate to mitigate the impacts and are more cosmetic than real. The calculation of monetary value of environmental impacts is resource intensive. This paper suggests that proxy values can be used to arrive at an estimate. Ignoring the environmental costs because of absence of robust estimates is tantamount to assuming that the environmental costs are zero which is not plausible. Taking the Vishnugad-Pipalkoti HEP as an example, it is shown that the project overestimates the benefits and underestimates the costs. The Cost-Benefit Ratio (CBR) is less than 1 irrespective of whether the environmental benefits and costs are included or excluded. The paper argues that hydropower is not as green as often said to be.
Abstract: Hydroelectricity is often considered to be “clean” in view of less carbon emissions especially in comparison to thermal power. However, hydropower is intrusive in the natural environment and has many environmental costs that may outweigh the benefits from reduced carbon emissions. Hydroelectricity projects (HEPs) in India are required to submit a C...
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Factors Contributing CO2 Emissions: A Linear, Nonlinear, and Panel ARDL Model
Rabeya Basri,
Chaleampong Kongcharoen
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, April 2021
Pages:
46-66
Received:
7 April 2021
Accepted:
22 April 2021
Published:
30 April 2021
Abstract: The study examines the linear and nonlinear relationships between per capita carbon dioxide emissions, per capita real GDP, energy consumption, financial development, foreign direct investment, trade openness, urbanization, agriculture, and industry sectors as potential determining factors of CO2 emissions in the perspective of Bangladesh all through 44 years, starting from 1974. The study also considers the CO2 emissions from the selected South Asian countries over the period from 1978 and 2018. The study uses three cointegration approaches. First, we employ linear cointegration method and find that crucial determining factors of CO2 emissions in Bangladesh are real GDP per capita, energy consumption, and urbanization. Then, we apply the nonlinear cointegration method and find that energy consumption and foreign direct investment have asymmetric impacts on carbon release in the long run. While energy consumption, financial development, and FDI have asymmetric influence in the short run. Finally, we apply a panel cointegration test to compare Bangladesh with other South Asian countries in terms of CO2 emissions. The estimated results disclose that the vital contributing factors of CO2 emissions in selected South Asian countries are real GDP, energy consumption, financial development, and urbanization. Our results show that energy consumption, financial development, and urbanization upturn CO2 emissions, while trade openness lowers emissions. We claim that our results are consistent with the EKC hypothesis for both in Bangladesh and selected South Asian countries. The three cointegration estimation findings disclose that urbanization will deteriorate environmental worth in Bangladesh and selected South Asian countries in the long run.
Abstract: The study examines the linear and nonlinear relationships between per capita carbon dioxide emissions, per capita real GDP, energy consumption, financial development, foreign direct investment, trade openness, urbanization, agriculture, and industry sectors as potential determining factors of CO2 emissions in the perspective of Bangladesh all throu...
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