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Antrodia Camphorata Declines Oxidative Stress and Enhances Antioxidant Enzyme Activity in the Brain Cortex of Rats
Bo-Yu Huang,
Chien-Chi Liu,
Zhong-Yang Jian,
Ming-Cheng Lin
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 3, November 2016
Pages:
29-33
Received:
2 October 2016
Accepted:
14 October 2016
Published:
10 November 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajlm.20160103.11
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Abstract: Traditional Chinese Medicine of Antrodia camphorata has been commonly used as complementary and alternative medicines in Taiwan and Asia countries due to a variety of beneficial effects such as anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidation. Biological effects of Antrodia camphorata on oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activity in the brain cortex, however, have not yet fully defined so far. Experimentally, twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control and experimental subject. Control and experimental rats were intraperitoneally injected with normal saline and Antrodia camphorata for consecutive 14 days, respectively. On day 15, the brain cortex was harvested and homogenates for further biochemical analysis of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activity. Our present data showed that Antrodia camphorata can significantly (P < 0.05) reduce the magnitude of oxidative stress as presented by a declined malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in the present work. In addition, a remarkable (P < 0.05) enhancement of the antioxidant enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) was found in Antrodia camphorate-treated rats as compared to control subject. In conclusion, our experimental finding demonstrates the fact that neuroprotective effects of Antrodia camphorata are correlated with reducing oxidative stress and enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity in the brain cortex of rats.
Abstract: Traditional Chinese Medicine of Antrodia camphorata has been commonly used as complementary and alternative medicines in Taiwan and Asia countries due to a variety of beneficial effects such as anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidation. Biological effects of Antrodia camphorata on oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activity in the brain cortex, how...
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Complete Blood Cell Count and Peripheral Blood Film, Its Significant in Laboratory Medicine: A Review Study
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 3, November 2016
Pages:
34-57
Received:
10 September 2016
Accepted:
1 October 2016
Published:
29 November 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajlm.20160103.12
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Abstract: The aim of this review is to assist non-hematologist effective means of interpreting complete blood cell (CBC) counts results especially when encountered with abnormal result for intellectually rewarding practice and to recognize when a subspecialty consultation is reasonable and when it may be circumvented. A complete blood cell count is routine hematology tests in medicine useful for the differential diagnosis of anemia and other medical conditions. A good percentage of CBC results are reported as abnormal, therefore it is in every clinician’s interest to have some understanding of the specific test basics as well as a structured action plan when confronted with abnormal results. It is a series of tests used to evaluate the composition and concentration of the cellular components of blood, which consists: red blood cell (RBC) counts, red cell indices, hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, white blood cell (WBC) count, classification of white blood cells (WBC differential) and platelet count. CBC provides valuable information about the blood and to some extent the bone marrow, which is the blood-forming tissue. CBC can be use for the following purposes: as a preoperative test to ensure both adequate oxygen carrying capacity and hemostasis, to identify acute and chronic illness, bleeding tendencies, and white blood cell disorders such as leukemia, to monitor a medical condition and changes in the body system caused by medical treatments, to determine the effects of chemotherapy and radiation therapy on blood cell production. CBC can be performed manually using visual examination or automation by fluorescence flow cytometry and impedance. In conclusion, CBC and peripheral blood examination are one of the most commonly ordered tests that provides important information about the kinds and numbers of cells in the blood, abnormalities in any of these types of blood cells may indicate the presence of important medical disorders.
Abstract: The aim of this review is to assist non-hematologist effective means of interpreting complete blood cell (CBC) counts results especially when encountered with abnormal result for intellectually rewarding practice and to recognize when a subspecialty consultation is reasonable and when it may be circumvented. A complete blood cell count is routine h...
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Assessment of Pre-Analytical Error on Blood Specimens Referred for CD4 and Haematology Tests in Central Oromiya, Ethiopia
Mulat Woldie Wondimagegn,
Walelegn Worku Yallew,
Takele Teklu Anijajo
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 3, November 2016
Pages:
58-64
Received:
26 October 2016
Accepted:
14 November 2016
Published:
8 December 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajlm.20160103.13
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Abstract: Although, Ethiopia is working to improve the qualities of laboratory services, errors are still prevailing. These errors are classified as pre-analytical, analytical and post-analytical. Studies that focus on prevalence and factors that influence the pattern of laboratory error remain very scarce in Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the extent of pre-analytical error and factors contributing to this error among blood specimens referred for CD4 and Haematology tests. We conducted a quantitative study triangulated by qualitative technique in three laboratories in Central Oromiya; Ethiopia. For quantitative study, a total of 754 randomly selected blood specimens and its accompanying laboratory request forms were reviewed using a structured checklist. Data was analysed using SPSS version 20 software. P value of less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. For qualitative part thematic content analysis of the interviews was performed using Open Code software version 3.4 and three different categories were emerged. The magnitude of pre-analytical error among 754 blood specimens and its accompanying laboratory request forms was 314 (41.6%) with 95% CI of (38.3-45.2). Blood specimen collected using syringe and needle methods and specimens collected in under 15 years old patients were prevalent for pre-analytical error; with ORs (95% CIs) of 4.948 (1.993-12.285) and 6.973 (4.032-12.060) respectively. In-depth interview indicated that Knowledge, Process failure and lack of patient centeredness were factors accounted for pre-analytical error. Alongside of the efforts to control laboratory error, this study highlighted complexity of pre-analytical error control efforts. Co-operation with clinicians and personnel outside the laboratory, process automation, computerized test requesting, procedure for specimen collection and training are of vital importance to make progress on pre-analytical testing process.
Abstract: Although, Ethiopia is working to improve the qualities of laboratory services, errors are still prevailing. These errors are classified as pre-analytical, analytical and post-analytical. Studies that focus on prevalence and factors that influence the pattern of laboratory error remain very scarce in Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the extent o...
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Effects of Herbal Plants on Candidiasis Vulvovaginalis Therapy
Marni Br Karo,
Emma Kamelia,
Hadiyat Miko,
Tigor Peniel Simanjuntak,
Mochammad Hatta
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 3, November 2016
Pages:
65-68
Received:
8 November 2016
Accepted:
5 December 2016
Published:
4 January 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajlm.20160103.14
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Abstract: Candida vulvovaginitis (CVV) is an infection of the vagina or vulva by genus Candida with a variety of clinical manifestations that can occur acutely, chronically or episodically. An estimated 75 percent of women will have at least one episode of vulvovaginal candidiasis and 40 to 50 percent will have two or more, accompanied by vulvar symptoms such as itching, burning, irritation, odor and vaginal discharge. Fluconazole is diverse effective topical azole agents accessible in a variety of formulations for cvv treatment, because they are notably safe and well tolerated. Not many people know the effect of fungi protective in herbal medicinal plants in the treatment of CVV. Cumulative evidence suggests that ayurveda and some Chinese herbal medicines have a beneficial role in slowing the progression of CCV. On the other hand, some Chinese herbal medicines may be hazardous to patients with systemic disease. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the research of some plants herbs for natural pharmacological intervention of progressive CVV diseases.
Abstract: Candida vulvovaginitis (CVV) is an infection of the vagina or vulva by genus Candida with a variety of clinical manifestations that can occur acutely, chronically or episodically. An estimated 75 percent of women will have at least one episode of vulvovaginal candidiasis and 40 to 50 percent will have two or more, accompanied by vulvar symptoms suc...
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