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Evaluation of Genome Size, Chromosome Number and Karyotype in Zygophyllum xanthoxylon
Yanbo Wu,
Linjing Zhang,
Yue Wang,
Cui Liu,
Shengdan Wu
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2021
Pages:
31-37
Received:
31 March 2021
Accepted:
14 April 2021
Published:
23 April 2021
Abstract: Zygophyllum xanthoxylon, a super-xerophytic shrub in drylands, is widely used for afforestation in the arid and barren mountains of central Asia. Understanding the karyotype and genome size could provide basic information for genome sequencing of species. To date, few data on the DNA content and chromosomal characterization of Z. xanthoxylon have been reported. Here, we present both the karyotype analysis and genome size determination of Z. xanthoxylon based on the traditional pressing and flow cytometry methods. Chromosome counting showed that Z. xanthoxylon is diploid with a chromosome number of 22. Karyotype analysis revealed that the length of chromosomes ranges from 0.88 ± 0.08 μm to 2.36 ± 0.19 μm, the chromosomes are metacentric or submetacentric, and the karyotype formula is 2n = 2x = 22 = 18m + 4sm. Flow cytometry analysis estimated that the nuclear genome size of Z. xanthoxylon is 460 ± 7.05 Mbp. Interestingly, our results indicated the seedlings of Z. xanthoxylon exhibit endopolyploidy, which may confer better ecological adaptation. Collectively, the present study will provide an important cytological basis for the study of the origin, evolution and utilization of Z. xanthoxylon.
Abstract: Zygophyllum xanthoxylon, a super-xerophytic shrub in drylands, is widely used for afforestation in the arid and barren mountains of central Asia. Understanding the karyotype and genome size could provide basic information for genome sequencing of species. To date, few data on the DNA content and chromosomal characterization of Z. xanthoxylon have b...
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Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Research and Production Status in Ethiopia: A Comprehensive Review
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2021
Pages:
38-41
Received:
15 January 2021
Accepted:
2 February 2021
Published:
29 April 2021
Abstract: Sesame (Sesamum indicum L., 2n=26) grouped under the family Pedaliaceae; is probably the most ancient oil seed known and used by man. It is called ‘Queen of oil seeds’ due to its high quality polyunsaturated stable fatty acid. The availability of large amount of wild forms of sesame in Ethiopia show that it is indigenous and considered as the center of origin for sesame and the genetic diversity is high, serving as resources for further improvement of the crop. Sesame improving research was started in Ethiopia at Werer Agricultural Research Center with the target to develop high yielding and adaptable varieties which meet the demands of the sesame farmers, processor and user. A lot of varieties released by different research centers and most of the varieties are under production in different agro ecologies of Ethiopia. It is foreign currency generating crop next to coffee in Ethiopia and the leading crop from all oil crops growing in the country. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to access the current sesame research and its production status in Ethiopia so that the information can be used as a good reference resource for researchers, students, agricultural extension workers and NGOs working in Ethiopia in the area of oil crops in general and sesame in particular.
Abstract: Sesame (Sesamum indicum L., 2n=26) grouped under the family Pedaliaceae; is probably the most ancient oil seed known and used by man. It is called ‘Queen of oil seeds’ due to its high quality polyunsaturated stable fatty acid. The availability of large amount of wild forms of sesame in Ethiopia show that it is indigenous and considered as the cente...
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Adaptability Study of Brachiaria Grass Accessions for Forage Yield and Nutritive Value in Lowlands of East Oromia, Ethiopia
Tolera Fikadu,
Worku Bekuma,
Wubishet Tesfaye,
Melese Furgasa
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2021
Pages:
42-46
Received:
23 March 2021
Accepted:
21 May 2021
Published:
25 June 2021
Abstract: Livestock production in the lowlands of Eastern Oromia of Ethiopia depends mainly on natural pastures and crop residues which are of poor quality and the yield is generally low during the dry season. Therefore, there is a need to introduce alternative forages of high quality that are adapted to the region. The objective of this study was to identify and select the best Brachiaria grass accession/s for dry matter (DM) yield and nutritive quality in lowlands of Eastern Oromia. The experiment was conducted in the lowlands of Fedis and Dire-Dawa districts during 2018 to 2020. The experimental materials were brachiaria decumbens accessions 1087, 13205, 14721, 14720 and brachiaria ruziziensis accessions 13332, 14743, 14771, 14774, 14813. These grass accessions were compared with one local check, a locally cultivated brachiaria grass. Plant established successfully at both sites for the last three years. Tiller numbers, plant height, forage dry matter yield and plot covers were recorded at 16 weeks after planting. Significant (p<0.05) difference were detected among the tested grass accessions in plot cover, height, tiller number, dry matter yield, OM%, Ash%, CP%, NDF%, ADF% and ADL% contents. The results showed that brachiaria grasses had the potential to provide forage of high quality and adequate quantity for livestock feed. Accession of brachiaria ruziziensis 14813 (24.685 t/ha) and brachiaria decumbens 14721 (20.89t/ha) showed the highest forage dry matter production than the remaining evaluated grass accessions. Although brachiaria grass accession 14720 and 13205 had higher CP content than accessions 14721, high forage dry matter yield is more appealing to farmers it is not recommended for cultivation in the study area. Thus, these two grass accessions brachiaria ruziziensis 14813 and brachiaria decumbens 14721 are the most suitable for providing better quality and quantity of livestock feed in the lowlands of Eastern Oromia, Ethiopia and similar agro-ecologies to the study area.
Abstract: Livestock production in the lowlands of Eastern Oromia of Ethiopia depends mainly on natural pastures and crop residues which are of poor quality and the yield is generally low during the dry season. Therefore, there is a need to introduce alternative forages of high quality that are adapted to the region. The objective of this study was to identif...
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Histopathological Effect of the Different Concentration of Crude Oil and Its Products on the Gill Apparatus of Catfish (Heterobranchus bidorsalis)
Ugbeyide Juliet Avwerosuoghene,
Nwamba Helen
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2021
Pages:
47-52
Received:
1 June 2021
Accepted:
17 June 2021
Published:
26 June 2021
Abstract: This project is aimed at assessing the Histopathological effect of the different concentration of crude oil and its products on the gill apparatus of catfish (Heterobranchus bidorsalis). Three concentrations (1.0, 3.0 and 5.0 M/L) of the petroleum products Premium Motor Spirit (PMS), Dual Purpose Kerosene (DPK) and Bonny-Light Crude oil (BLCO) were made. To each concentration, three adults of H. bidorsalis were incubated for 1, 24 and 96 hours. Triplicate values of samples were recorded in each of the different concentration of petroleum products. Three plastic containers containing three fishes each were not contaminated with petroleum product and was left as control (0.0 M/L) for the experimental work. Histology of the gill was used to determine the pathology of petroleum products on the gills. Histopathological examination following exposure to petroleum products showed elongation of gill lamellae, hyperplasia of lamellae, fusion of lamellae tips, separation of respiratory epithelium with underlying supporting tissue and altered gill rakers. Microscopical observation showed a significant difference (P<0.05) in hyperplasia and elongated gill lamellae. There were no significant difference (P>0.05) in heartbeats, weight and underlying supporting tissue in the different concentration of petroleum products. The various biological responses and changes observed with such histological alterations can be used as a tool to detect toxic effects of pollutants in the organs of living organism making it a good environmental stressor indicator for bioassay.
Abstract: This project is aimed at assessing the Histopathological effect of the different concentration of crude oil and its products on the gill apparatus of catfish (Heterobranchus bidorsalis). Three concentrations (1.0, 3.0 and 5.0 M/L) of the petroleum products Premium Motor Spirit (PMS), Dual Purpose Kerosene (DPK) and Bonny-Light Crude oil (BLCO) were...
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