Research Article
Improved Driving Training-Based Optimization Algorithm Using Levy Flight and Crowding Distance Techniques for Solving Optimal Power Flow Problem
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 3, June 2026
Pages:
31-41
Received:
20 April 2026
Accepted:
3 May 2026
Published:
14 May 2026
Abstract: Driving Training-Based Optimization (DTBO) algorithm is a metaheuristic algorithm based on the simulation of driving training process. Improved version of the DTBO is proposed in this paper for solving Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problem. The Improved Driving Training-Based Optimization (IDTBO) algorithm includes the Crowding Distance Technique for more diverse driver and learner selection and incorporates the Levy Flight distribution for better exploration and local optima avoidance. OPF is considered as one of the most difficult optimization problems and is very important for the control of electrical network. The objective of this study is finding the best control variables while minimizing the total generation fuel cost and considering equality and inequality constraints of the system. The standard IEEE 30-bus network is used for evaluating the performance of the IDTBO algorithm for solving OPF problem. For solving conventional power flow equation, Newton Raphson algorithm is considered. Compared to Modified Driving Training-Based Optimization (MDTBO), Teaching Learning-Based Optimization (TLBO) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithms, the proposed method is more accurate and is better in convergence speed. The performance of the IDTBO is very useful for finding the most secure operating point of any electric power system and its convergence speed contributes to improving the dynamic management of a smart electricity grid.
Abstract: Driving Training-Based Optimization (DTBO) algorithm is a metaheuristic algorithm based on the simulation of driving training process. Improved version of the DTBO is proposed in this paper for solving Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problem. The Improved Driving Training-Based Optimization (IDTBO) algorithm includes the Crowding Distance Technique for mo...
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Research Article
The Experience of Waste Management in Wad Medani, the Capital of Gezira State Sudan Between Success and Failure
Nagm Eldeen Mubark Ahmed El Disogi*
,
Rihab Muhammad Dafa Allah
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 3, June 2026
Pages:
42-52
Received:
20 December 2025
Accepted:
15 January 2026
Published:
24 July 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajetm.20261103.12
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: This paper aimed to shed light on the experiences that Wad Medani city, Sudan, went through in the waste transfer project during the first quarter of the current century, The paper evaluates four successive waste management models implemented in the studied area between 2000 and 2025, ranging from local authority control to private sector and corporate management. Criteria such as transport efficiency, cost per ton, and community interaction, management efficiency…etc. were utilized to compare these periods. Performance during these experiments varied between success and failure. These four successive experiments are: the private sector experiment (the Turkish company), Wad Medani City Development and Elegance Corporation, Gezira State Cleaning and Development Authority, and Greater Wad Medani Locality experiment before and after these three experiments. The study concludes that the corporate model was the most effective, whereas recent conflict and lack of budget have led to significant environmental deterioration, the waste transportation experience by corporations is the best, with the percentage of waste transported by the Wad Medani City Development and Elegance Corporation and the Gezira State Cleaning and Development Authority reaching 98% and 67.8%. The paper recommended that, establishment of a special authority for waste management in Wad Medani, along with intensifying community awareness programs, allocating a special site for a waste dump and registering it officially in the land registry, and diversifying the transport fleet are necessary to have and ideal model. It also recommended that it’s prefer to establish a special structure to accommodate male and female cleaning workers in permanent positions.
Abstract: This paper aimed to shed light on the experiences that Wad Medani city, Sudan, went through in the waste transfer project during the first quarter of the current century, The paper evaluates four successive waste management models implemented in the studied area between 2000 and 2025, ranging from local authority control to private sector and corpo...
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