Thermodynamic Aspects in Heterogeneous Initiated Catalysis

Talyshinsky Rashid

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijpc.20220804.12

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Thermodynamic Aspects in Heterogeneous Initiated Catalysis

Talyshinsky Rashid

Published in International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry (Volume 8, Issue 4)

Received: 3 September 2022 Accepted: 17 September 2022 Published: 27 September 2022

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Abstract

The aim of this work is to develop the fundamental foundations of initiated heterogeneous catalysis. In the classical concept, it was assumed that the catalytic system was reduced to the concept of a catalyst. Further, this concept expanded to the simultaneous action of a catalyst with a reaction medium, and then the action of an inductor or initiator was connected. Since the addition of an initiator to the catalytic system ensures the operation of the catalytic system, unlike a catalyst that does not perform work, remains unchanged during the catalytic cycle, it made sense to analyze the thermodynamic basis for the initiation of heterogeneous catalysis. A modern phenomenology of initiated heterogeneous-catalytic processes is proposed, based on the thermodynamics and kinetics of chemical reactions, taking into account the chemical coupling of individual stages and routes. A chemical evaluation of the synergism resulting from the combination of catalytic and induction interaction of reagents with a catalyst is given. A fundamental difference is shown between the thermodynamic and kinetic effects of chemical reactions, between the action of a catalyst and an initiator. The possibilities of using carbon monoxide and synthesis gas in conjugated reactions using an initiator are noted. The presence of dynamic compensation effects in catalysis, expressed by a simultaneous decrease in the activation barrier and an increase in the intensity of interaction of reagents, indicates non-additive phenomena, the nonlinearity of the reaction mechanism, as well as possible autocatalysis or autoinitiation. The basis for the proposed phenomenology in the field of initiated catalysis is not only heterogeneous-catalytic, but also homogeneous-catalytic processes, in particular, the discovered effect on the catalysis of benzoic acids during the conversion of phenyloxirane. Thus, the presence of an initiator in the catalytic system is the rule rather than the exception, which makes it possible to extend the proposed phenomenology of initiated catalysis to all its manifestations in nature.

Published in	International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry (Volume 8, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijpc.20220804.12
Page(s)	44-47
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Thermodynamics, Kinetics, Induction, Initiation, Catalysis, Synergism

References

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[3]	Tretyakov V. F., Talyshinsky R. M. Kinetics and dynamics of heterogeneous catalytic petrochemical processes. - Moscow: MIFCT (Moscow Institute of Fine Chemical Technology), 2012, 190 p.
[4]	Kozlovtsev V. A. Catalysis as a phenomenon of energy exchange between a catalyst and reagents. /. V. A. Kozlovtsev, V. A. Navrotsky, M. V. Trostyanskaya, I. Y. Klimova, A. V. Navrotsky. // Abstracts of reports: XIX Mendeleev Congress on General and Applied Chemistry. -2011. – Vol. 1, P. 242.
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[6]	Nagiev T. M. Interaction of synchronous reactions in chemistry and biology. – B.: ed. "ELM". – 2001. – 403 p.
[7]	Nagiev T. M. "Chemical coupling" M.: Nauka, 1989, 216 p.
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[9]	Satterfield Ch. N. Practical course of heterogeneous catalysis: Mir, 1984, 520 p.
[10]	Zamaraev K. I. // Chemical kinetics: Course of lectures: At 3 o'clock / Edited by A. G. Okunev Novosibirsk State University. Novosibirsk. - 2003. - Part 3, 90 p.
[11]	Tretyakov V. F., Ilolov A. M., Talyshinsky R. M., Gulmaliev E. A. // On the dynamic compensation effect in catalysis. // Oil and gas chemistry. 2016, No. 1. pp. 34-37.
[12]	Talyshinsky R. M., Gulmaliev E. A., Tretyakov V. F., Ilolov A. M., Litvishkov Yu. N., Muradova P. A. // Nanoscale dynamic compensation effect in a heterogeneous catalytic process. // Oil and gas chemistry. - 2016. No. 1, pp. 45-49.
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[14]	Sinev M. Yu. Reactions of free radicals in the processes of catalytic oxidation of lower alkanes // Abstract of the dissertation: Dr. Chemistry degree, 02.00.04. - Moscow, 2011. - 61 p.
[15]	Lomonosov V. I., Usmanov T. R., Sinev M. Yu., Antonyuk S. N. Conjugation effects during oxidation of ethane under conditions of oxidative condensation reaction of methane // Bulletin of MIFCT. -2014. -V. 9. -N. 6. - S. 55-61.
[16]	Koltsov N. I., Fedotov V. Kh., Alekseev B. V. // Criterion of multiplicity of stationary states of single-route catalytic reactions // Reports USSR Academy of Sciences. 1988. V. 302, No. 1, pp. 126-131.
[17]	Fedotov V. H., Koltsov N. I., Kosyanov P. M. // The influence of autocatalytic stages on the dynamics of conjugated chemical reactions // Izv. vuzov. Chemistry and chemical technology. 2020. V. 63. No 2, pp. 14-20.
[18]	Shpanko. I. V., Sadovaya I. V. // The phenomenon of isoparametricity and kinetic enthalpy-entropy compensation effect. Experimental evidence obtained in the study of pyridine-catalyzed reactions of phenyloxirane with benzoic acids // Kinetics and catalysis, 2014, V 55, No. 1, pp. 59-66.

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Talyshinsky Rashid. (2022). Thermodynamic Aspects in Heterogeneous Initiated Catalysis. International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry, 8(4), 44-47. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20220804.12

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Talyshinsky Rashid. Thermodynamic Aspects in Heterogeneous Initiated Catalysis. Int. J. Pharm. Chem. 2022, 8(4), 44-47. doi: 10.11648/j.ijpc.20220804.12

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Talyshinsky Rashid. Thermodynamic Aspects in Heterogeneous Initiated Catalysis. Int J Pharm Chem. 2022;8(4):44-47. doi: 10.11648/j.ijpc.20220804.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijpc.20220804.12,
  author = {Talyshinsky Rashid},
  title = {Thermodynamic Aspects in Heterogeneous Initiated Catalysis},
  journal = {International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry},
  volume = {8},
  number = {4},
  pages = {44-47},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijpc.20220804.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20220804.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijpc.20220804.12},
  abstract = {The aim of this work is to develop the fundamental foundations of initiated heterogeneous catalysis. In the classical concept, it was assumed that the catalytic system was reduced to the concept of a catalyst. Further, this concept expanded to the simultaneous action of a catalyst with a reaction medium, and then the action of an inductor or initiator was connected. Since the addition of an initiator to the catalytic system ensures the operation of the catalytic system, unlike a catalyst that does not perform work, remains unchanged during the catalytic cycle, it made sense to analyze the thermodynamic basis for the initiation of heterogeneous catalysis. A modern phenomenology of initiated heterogeneous-catalytic processes is proposed, based on the thermodynamics and kinetics of chemical reactions, taking into account the chemical coupling of individual stages and routes. A chemical evaluation of the synergism resulting from the combination of catalytic and induction interaction of reagents with a catalyst is given. A fundamental difference is shown between the thermodynamic and kinetic effects of chemical reactions, between the action of a catalyst and an initiator. The possibilities of using carbon monoxide and synthesis gas in conjugated reactions using an initiator are noted. The presence of dynamic compensation effects in catalysis, expressed by a simultaneous decrease in the activation barrier and an increase in the intensity of interaction of reagents, indicates non-additive phenomena, the nonlinearity of the reaction mechanism, as well as possible autocatalysis or autoinitiation. The basis for the proposed phenomenology in the field of initiated catalysis is not only heterogeneous-catalytic, but also homogeneous-catalytic processes, in particular, the discovered effect on the catalysis of benzoic acids during the conversion of phenyloxirane. Thus, the presence of an initiator in the catalytic system is the rule rather than the exception, which makes it possible to extend the proposed phenomenology of initiated catalysis to all its manifestations in nature.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Thermodynamic Aspects in Heterogeneous Initiated Catalysis
AU  - Talyshinsky Rashid
Y1  - 2022/09/27
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20220804.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijpc.20220804.12
T2  - International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry
JF  - International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry
JO  - International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry
SP  - 44
EP  - 47
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-5749
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20220804.12
AB  - The aim of this work is to develop the fundamental foundations of initiated heterogeneous catalysis. In the classical concept, it was assumed that the catalytic system was reduced to the concept of a catalyst. Further, this concept expanded to the simultaneous action of a catalyst with a reaction medium, and then the action of an inductor or initiator was connected. Since the addition of an initiator to the catalytic system ensures the operation of the catalytic system, unlike a catalyst that does not perform work, remains unchanged during the catalytic cycle, it made sense to analyze the thermodynamic basis for the initiation of heterogeneous catalysis. A modern phenomenology of initiated heterogeneous-catalytic processes is proposed, based on the thermodynamics and kinetics of chemical reactions, taking into account the chemical coupling of individual stages and routes. A chemical evaluation of the synergism resulting from the combination of catalytic and induction interaction of reagents with a catalyst is given. A fundamental difference is shown between the thermodynamic and kinetic effects of chemical reactions, between the action of a catalyst and an initiator. The possibilities of using carbon monoxide and synthesis gas in conjugated reactions using an initiator are noted. The presence of dynamic compensation effects in catalysis, expressed by a simultaneous decrease in the activation barrier and an increase in the intensity of interaction of reagents, indicates non-additive phenomena, the nonlinearity of the reaction mechanism, as well as possible autocatalysis or autoinitiation. The basis for the proposed phenomenology in the field of initiated catalysis is not only heterogeneous-catalytic, but also homogeneous-catalytic processes, in particular, the discovered effect on the catalysis of benzoic acids during the conversion of phenyloxirane. Thus, the presence of an initiator in the catalytic system is the rule rather than the exception, which makes it possible to extend the proposed phenomenology of initiated catalysis to all its manifestations in nature.
VL  - 8
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Talyshinsky Rashid

A. V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

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Talyshinsky Rashid. (2022). Thermodynamic Aspects in Heterogeneous Initiated Catalysis. International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry, 8(4), 44-47. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20220804.12

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ACS Style

Talyshinsky Rashid. Thermodynamic Aspects in Heterogeneous Initiated Catalysis. Int. J. Pharm. Chem. 2022, 8(4), 44-47. doi: 10.11648/j.ijpc.20220804.12

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AMA Style

Talyshinsky Rashid. Thermodynamic Aspects in Heterogeneous Initiated Catalysis. Int J Pharm Chem. 2022;8(4):44-47. doi: 10.11648/j.ijpc.20220804.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijpc.20220804.12,
  author = {Talyshinsky Rashid},
  title = {Thermodynamic Aspects in Heterogeneous Initiated Catalysis},
  journal = {International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry},
  volume = {8},
  number = {4},
  pages = {44-47},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijpc.20220804.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20220804.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijpc.20220804.12},
  abstract = {The aim of this work is to develop the fundamental foundations of initiated heterogeneous catalysis. In the classical concept, it was assumed that the catalytic system was reduced to the concept of a catalyst. Further, this concept expanded to the simultaneous action of a catalyst with a reaction medium, and then the action of an inductor or initiator was connected. Since the addition of an initiator to the catalytic system ensures the operation of the catalytic system, unlike a catalyst that does not perform work, remains unchanged during the catalytic cycle, it made sense to analyze the thermodynamic basis for the initiation of heterogeneous catalysis. A modern phenomenology of initiated heterogeneous-catalytic processes is proposed, based on the thermodynamics and kinetics of chemical reactions, taking into account the chemical coupling of individual stages and routes. A chemical evaluation of the synergism resulting from the combination of catalytic and induction interaction of reagents with a catalyst is given. A fundamental difference is shown between the thermodynamic and kinetic effects of chemical reactions, between the action of a catalyst and an initiator. The possibilities of using carbon monoxide and synthesis gas in conjugated reactions using an initiator are noted. The presence of dynamic compensation effects in catalysis, expressed by a simultaneous decrease in the activation barrier and an increase in the intensity of interaction of reagents, indicates non-additive phenomena, the nonlinearity of the reaction mechanism, as well as possible autocatalysis or autoinitiation. The basis for the proposed phenomenology in the field of initiated catalysis is not only heterogeneous-catalytic, but also homogeneous-catalytic processes, in particular, the discovered effect on the catalysis of benzoic acids during the conversion of phenyloxirane. Thus, the presence of an initiator in the catalytic system is the rule rather than the exception, which makes it possible to extend the proposed phenomenology of initiated catalysis to all its manifestations in nature.},
 year = {2022}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Thermodynamic Aspects in Heterogeneous Initiated Catalysis
AU  - Talyshinsky Rashid
Y1  - 2022/09/27
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20220804.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijpc.20220804.12
T2  - International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry
JF  - International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry
JO  - International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry
SP  - 44
EP  - 47
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-5749
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20220804.12
AB  - The aim of this work is to develop the fundamental foundations of initiated heterogeneous catalysis. In the classical concept, it was assumed that the catalytic system was reduced to the concept of a catalyst. Further, this concept expanded to the simultaneous action of a catalyst with a reaction medium, and then the action of an inductor or initiator was connected. Since the addition of an initiator to the catalytic system ensures the operation of the catalytic system, unlike a catalyst that does not perform work, remains unchanged during the catalytic cycle, it made sense to analyze the thermodynamic basis for the initiation of heterogeneous catalysis. A modern phenomenology of initiated heterogeneous-catalytic processes is proposed, based on the thermodynamics and kinetics of chemical reactions, taking into account the chemical coupling of individual stages and routes. A chemical evaluation of the synergism resulting from the combination of catalytic and induction interaction of reagents with a catalyst is given. A fundamental difference is shown between the thermodynamic and kinetic effects of chemical reactions, between the action of a catalyst and an initiator. The possibilities of using carbon monoxide and synthesis gas in conjugated reactions using an initiator are noted. The presence of dynamic compensation effects in catalysis, expressed by a simultaneous decrease in the activation barrier and an increase in the intensity of interaction of reagents, indicates non-additive phenomena, the nonlinearity of the reaction mechanism, as well as possible autocatalysis or autoinitiation. The basis for the proposed phenomenology in the field of initiated catalysis is not only heterogeneous-catalytic, but also homogeneous-catalytic processes, in particular, the discovered effect on the catalysis of benzoic acids during the conversion of phenyloxirane. Thus, the presence of an initiator in the catalytic system is the rule rather than the exception, which makes it possible to extend the proposed phenomenology of initiated catalysis to all its manifestations in nature.
VL  - 8
IS  - 4
ER  -

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