Dynamics of Formal Seed Utilization and Use Intensity: Evidence from Wheat Growers in East Gojjam Province, North-western Ethiopia

Amare Tesfaw

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijber.20150403.12

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Dynamics of Formal Seed Utilization and Use Intensity: Evidence from Wheat Growers in East Gojjam Province, North-western Ethiopia

Amare Tesfaw

Published in International Journal of Business and Economics Research (Volume 4, Issue 3)

Received: 22 March 2015 Accepted: 6 April 2015 Published: 28 April 2015

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Abstract

Commercial agriculture is driven by utilization of modern agricultural inputs despite the variable rate of adoption and use intensity. This study investigates the major factors attributed to variation in households’ participation and intensity of formal seed useby taking 4 districts as a case in East Gojjam, Northwestern Ethiopia. A total of 250 farmers were selected following 3 stages and data were processed with Heckman Two-Stage Model using STATA (version 13). The result showed that households participation in formal seed use was significantly affected by land allocated for wheat and the number of oxen (positively, P<0.01), farming experience (positively, P<0.1) and age and off-farm income (negatively, P<0.01 and P<0.05 respectively). Similarly, intensity of formal seed utilized was significantly influenced by size of wheat land, number of oxen and frequency of extension services (positively, P<0.01) and sex and family size (positively, P<0.05). The existing seed supply chains are inefficient, seed systems are institutionalized and there are weak initiatives for community based seed systems. Strong extension services, empowering females with financial incentives and encouraging farmer based seed multiplication system can improve farmers’ tendency of improved seed use. Rapid intervention on monopolistic distribution of seeds can bring about competitive seed markets which lead to sufficient supply with optimum prices.

Published in	International Journal of Business and Economics Research (Volume 4, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijber.20150403.12
Page(s)	86-97
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Cooperatives, Ethiopia, Formal Seed System, Heckman, Intensity, Supply Chains

References

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[2]	Baffour Badu-Apraku, Robert Agyeibi Asuboah, Bamidele Fakorede, Baffour Asafo-Adjei(2014). Strategies for Sustainable Maize Seed Production in West and Central Africa. IITA, Nigeria. 140 pp.
[3]	Bortei-Doku, Aryeetey E(1994).The significance of gender in seed transfer patterns amongfarmers in South-East Ghana. Institute of Statistical, Social and Economic Research (ISSER),University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana.
[4]	Chapman R., R Tripp(2003). Changing Incentives for Agricultural Extension: A Review of Privatized Extension in Practice. Agricultural Research and Extension Network Paper No.132. London: UK Department for International Development (DFID)
[5]	Crawford E W, T S Jayne, V AKelly (2006). Alternative Approaches for Promoting Fertilizer use in Africa. Agriculture and Rural Development Discussion Paper 22. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.
[6]	Dawit Alemu, Shahidur Rashid, Rob Tripp (2010).Seed System Potential in Ethiopia Constraints and Opportunities for Enhancing the Seed Sector, Ethiopia.
[7]	Dawit Alemu, Wilfred Mwangi, Mandefro Nigussie, David J.Spielman (2008). The maize seed system in Ethiopia: challenges and opportunities in drought prone areas. African Journal of Agricultural Research Vol. 3 (4). 305p.
[8]	Heckman JJ (1979). Sample selection bias as a specification error, Econometrica. Pp.153-161
[9]	IFPRI (International Food Policy Research Institute) (2011). Joint Estimation of Farmers’ Stated Willingness to Pay for Agricultural Services.
[10]	Rohrbach DD, Mtenga,K. M.Kiriwaggulu, S. Mwaisela (2002). Comparative study of threecommunity seed supply strategies in Tanzania, International Crops Research Institute for theSemi-arid Tropics, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe.
[11]	Sain G, J Martinez(1999). Adoption and Use of Improved Maize by Small-Scale Farmers in Southeast Guatemala. CIMMYT Economics Paper 99-04. Mexico D.F.: CIMMYT.
[12]	Setimela PS, P Kosina (2006). Strategies for Strengthening andScaling upCommunity-based Seed Production. Mexico, D.F.: CIMMYT.
[13]	Setimela PS, E Monyo, M Bänziger (2004). Successful Community-Based Seed Production Strategies. Mexico, D.F.: CIMMYT.
[14]	Tesfaw A(2013). Determinants of agricultural commodity market supply: a case study in the upper watershed of the Blue Nile, Northwestern Ethiopia. J. Agribus. Rural Dev. 4(30), 243-256.
[15]	Tesfaye Zegeye, Girma Taye, D Tanner, HVerkuijl, Aklilu Agidie, W Mwangi (2001). Adoption of Improved Bread Wheat Varieties and Inorganic Fertilizer by Small-Scale Farmers in Yelmana Densa and Farta Districts of Northwestern Ethiopia. Mexico, D.F.: Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organization (EARO) and International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT).
[16]	Yonas Sahlu(2012). The Ethiopian Seed Quality Control System, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research. FRG II Project Empowering Farmers' Innovation Series No. 3.
[17]	Zewdie Bishaw, PC Struik, AJ Van Gastel (2010). Wheat Seed System in Ethiopia: Farmers' Varietal Perception, Seed Sources, and Seed Management, Journal of New Seeds, 11:4, 281-327, DOI: 10.1080/1522886X.2010.518302.

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APA Style

Amare Tesfaw. (2015). Dynamics of Formal Seed Utilization and Use Intensity: Evidence from Wheat Growers in East Gojjam Province, North-western Ethiopia. International Journal of Business and Economics Research, 4(3), 86-97. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijber.20150403.12

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ACS Style

Amare Tesfaw. Dynamics of Formal Seed Utilization and Use Intensity: Evidence from Wheat Growers in East Gojjam Province, North-western Ethiopia. Int. J. Bus. Econ. Res. 2015, 4(3), 86-97. doi: 10.11648/j.ijber.20150403.12

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AMA Style

Amare Tesfaw. Dynamics of Formal Seed Utilization and Use Intensity: Evidence from Wheat Growers in East Gojjam Province, North-western Ethiopia. Int J Bus Econ Res. 2015;4(3):86-97. doi: 10.11648/j.ijber.20150403.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijber.20150403.12,
  author = {Amare Tesfaw},
  title = {Dynamics of Formal Seed Utilization and Use Intensity: Evidence from Wheat Growers in East Gojjam Province, North-western Ethiopia},
  journal = {International Journal of Business and Economics Research},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3},
  pages = {86-97},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijber.20150403.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijber.20150403.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijber.20150403.12},
  abstract = {Commercial agriculture is driven by utilization of modern agricultural inputs despite the variable rate of adoption and use intensity. This study investigates the major factors attributed to variation in households’ participation and intensity of formal seed useby taking 4 districts as a case in East Gojjam, Northwestern Ethiopia. A total of 250 farmers were selected following 3 stages and data were processed with Heckman Two-Stage Model using STATA (version 13). The result showed that households participation in formal seed use was significantly affected by land allocated for wheat and the number of oxen (positively, P<0.01), farming experience (positively, P<0.1) and age and off-farm income (negatively, P<0.01 and P<0.05 respectively). Similarly, intensity of formal seed utilized was significantly influenced by size of wheat land, number of oxen and frequency of extension services (positively, P<0.01) and sex and family size (positively, P<0.05). The existing seed supply chains are inefficient, seed systems are institutionalized and there are weak initiatives for community based seed systems. Strong extension services, empowering females with financial incentives and encouraging farmer based seed multiplication system can improve farmers’ tendency of improved seed use. Rapid intervention on monopolistic distribution of seeds can bring about competitive seed markets which lead to sufficient supply with optimum prices.},
 year = {2015}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Dynamics of Formal Seed Utilization and Use Intensity: Evidence from Wheat Growers in East Gojjam Province, North-western Ethiopia
AU  - Amare Tesfaw
Y1  - 2015/04/28
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijber.20150403.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijber.20150403.12
T2  - International Journal of Business and Economics Research
JF  - International Journal of Business and Economics Research
JO  - International Journal of Business and Economics Research
SP  - 86
EP  - 97
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-756X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijber.20150403.12
AB  - Commercial agriculture is driven by utilization of modern agricultural inputs despite the variable rate of adoption and use intensity. This study investigates the major factors attributed to variation in households’ participation and intensity of formal seed useby taking 4 districts as a case in East Gojjam, Northwestern Ethiopia. A total of 250 farmers were selected following 3 stages and data were processed with Heckman Two-Stage Model using STATA (version 13). The result showed that households participation in formal seed use was significantly affected by land allocated for wheat and the number of oxen (positively, P<0.01), farming experience (positively, P<0.1) and age and off-farm income (negatively, P<0.01 and P<0.05 respectively). Similarly, intensity of formal seed utilized was significantly influenced by size of wheat land, number of oxen and frequency of extension services (positively, P<0.01) and sex and family size (positively, P<0.05). The existing seed supply chains are inefficient, seed systems are institutionalized and there are weak initiatives for community based seed systems. Strong extension services, empowering females with financial incentives and encouraging farmer based seed multiplication system can improve farmers’ tendency of improved seed use. Rapid intervention on monopolistic distribution of seeds can bring about competitive seed markets which lead to sufficient supply with optimum prices.
VL  - 4
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Amare Tesfaw

Debre Markos University, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Department of Agricultural Economics, Debre Markos, Ethiopia

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Amare Tesfaw. (2015). Dynamics of Formal Seed Utilization and Use Intensity: Evidence from Wheat Growers in East Gojjam Province, North-western Ethiopia. International Journal of Business and Economics Research, 4(3), 86-97. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijber.20150403.12

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ACS Style

Amare Tesfaw. Dynamics of Formal Seed Utilization and Use Intensity: Evidence from Wheat Growers in East Gojjam Province, North-western Ethiopia. Int. J. Bus. Econ. Res. 2015, 4(3), 86-97. doi: 10.11648/j.ijber.20150403.12

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AMA Style

Amare Tesfaw. Dynamics of Formal Seed Utilization and Use Intensity: Evidence from Wheat Growers in East Gojjam Province, North-western Ethiopia. Int J Bus Econ Res. 2015;4(3):86-97. doi: 10.11648/j.ijber.20150403.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijber.20150403.12,
  author = {Amare Tesfaw},
  title = {Dynamics of Formal Seed Utilization and Use Intensity: Evidence from Wheat Growers in East Gojjam Province, North-western Ethiopia},
  journal = {International Journal of Business and Economics Research},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3},
  pages = {86-97},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijber.20150403.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijber.20150403.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijber.20150403.12},
  abstract = {Commercial agriculture is driven by utilization of modern agricultural inputs despite the variable rate of adoption and use intensity. This study investigates the major factors attributed to variation in households’ participation and intensity of formal seed useby taking 4 districts as a case in East Gojjam, Northwestern Ethiopia. A total of 250 farmers were selected following 3 stages and data were processed with Heckman Two-Stage Model using STATA (version 13). The result showed that households participation in formal seed use was significantly affected by land allocated for wheat and the number of oxen (positively, P<0.01), farming experience (positively, P<0.1) and age and off-farm income (negatively, P<0.01 and P<0.05 respectively). Similarly, intensity of formal seed utilized was significantly influenced by size of wheat land, number of oxen and frequency of extension services (positively, P<0.01) and sex and family size (positively, P<0.05). The existing seed supply chains are inefficient, seed systems are institutionalized and there are weak initiatives for community based seed systems. Strong extension services, empowering females with financial incentives and encouraging farmer based seed multiplication system can improve farmers’ tendency of improved seed use. Rapid intervention on monopolistic distribution of seeds can bring about competitive seed markets which lead to sufficient supply with optimum prices.},
 year = {2015}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Dynamics of Formal Seed Utilization and Use Intensity: Evidence from Wheat Growers in East Gojjam Province, North-western Ethiopia
AU  - Amare Tesfaw
Y1  - 2015/04/28
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijber.20150403.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijber.20150403.12
T2  - International Journal of Business and Economics Research
JF  - International Journal of Business and Economics Research
JO  - International Journal of Business and Economics Research
SP  - 86
EP  - 97
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-756X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijber.20150403.12
AB  - Commercial agriculture is driven by utilization of modern agricultural inputs despite the variable rate of adoption and use intensity. This study investigates the major factors attributed to variation in households’ participation and intensity of formal seed useby taking 4 districts as a case in East Gojjam, Northwestern Ethiopia. A total of 250 farmers were selected following 3 stages and data were processed with Heckman Two-Stage Model using STATA (version 13). The result showed that households participation in formal seed use was significantly affected by land allocated for wheat and the number of oxen (positively, P<0.01), farming experience (positively, P<0.1) and age and off-farm income (negatively, P<0.01 and P<0.05 respectively). Similarly, intensity of formal seed utilized was significantly influenced by size of wheat land, number of oxen and frequency of extension services (positively, P<0.01) and sex and family size (positively, P<0.05). The existing seed supply chains are inefficient, seed systems are institutionalized and there are weak initiatives for community based seed systems. Strong extension services, empowering females with financial incentives and encouraging farmer based seed multiplication system can improve farmers’ tendency of improved seed use. Rapid intervention on monopolistic distribution of seeds can bring about competitive seed markets which lead to sufficient supply with optimum prices.
VL  - 4
IS  - 3
ER  -

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