Optimising Window Performance for Natural Lighting and Ventilation in Bauchi State Lecture Theatres

Abdullahi Yusuf

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijaaa.20251104.12

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Optimising Window Performance for Natural Lighting and Ventilation in Bauchi State Lecture Theatres

Abdullahi Yusuf^*

Published in International Journal of Architecture, Arts and Applications (Volume 11, Issue 4)

Received: 25 October 2025 Accepted: 10 November 2025 Published: 17 December 2025

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Abstract

Lecture theatres are contributors of high energy consumption and the emission of greenhouse gases in Nigeria’s public institution. This consumption of this excess energy came as a result of lightening and ventilating the lecture theatres through conventional means. Therefore, the need to optimise window performance for natural lighting and ventilation in the lecture theatres has become necessary in order to reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gases emission in the environment. The study is aimed at assessing window performance towards the provision of natural lighting and ventilation in lecture theatres within Bauchi state public institutions of learning. Lecture theatres in Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University (ATBU), Abubakar Tatari Ali Polytechnic (ATAP), Federal Polytechnic Bauchi (FPTB), and Sa’adu Zungur University (SAZU) were sampled out of the numerous learning institutions in the state. The purpose of the study is to reduce the excessive use of non-green energy and the CO₂ emissions associated to the building energy consumption in the lecture theatres. The window performance was assessed through accessing the occupants’ perception in the provision of natural lighting and ventilation. Interviews, observation and questionnaires were used to assess their comfort level with natural ventilation and their satisfaction with natural lighting. The results from the study area identified that, the more occupants of the lecture theatres gets comfortable with window performance in the provision of natural ventilation, the more satisfied they become with the window performance in the provision of natural lighting. In conclusion the study recommends the integration of occupants’ perception in the design of lecture theatres and a design model for building professionals that will effectively optimise energy efficiency in lecture theatres.

Published in	International Journal of Architecture, Arts and Applications (Volume 11, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijaaa.20251104.12
Page(s)	203-212
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Bauchi State, Energy Consumption, Lecture Theatres, Natural Lighting and Ventilation, Window Performance

References

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Yusuf, A. (2025). Optimising Window Performance for Natural Lighting and Ventilation in Bauchi State Lecture Theatres. International Journal of Architecture, Arts and Applications, 11(4), 203-212. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaaa.20251104.12

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ACS Style

Yusuf, A. Optimising Window Performance for Natural Lighting and Ventilation in Bauchi State Lecture Theatres. Int. J. Archit. Arts Appl. 2025, 11(4), 203-212. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaaa.20251104.12

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AMA Style

Yusuf A. Optimising Window Performance for Natural Lighting and Ventilation in Bauchi State Lecture Theatres. Int J Archit Arts Appl. 2025;11(4):203-212. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaaa.20251104.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijaaa.20251104.12,
  author = {Abdullahi Yusuf},
  title = {Optimising Window Performance for Natural Lighting and Ventilation in Bauchi State Lecture Theatres},
  journal = {International Journal of Architecture, Arts and Applications},
  volume = {11},
  number = {4},
  pages = {203-212},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijaaa.20251104.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaaa.20251104.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijaaa.20251104.12},
  abstract = {Lecture theatres are contributors of high energy consumption and the emission of greenhouse gases in Nigeria’s public institution. This consumption of this excess energy came as a result of lightening and ventilating the lecture theatres through conventional means. Therefore, the need to optimise window performance for natural lighting and ventilation in the lecture theatres has become necessary in order to reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gases emission in the environment. The study is aimed at assessing window performance towards the provision of natural lighting and ventilation in lecture theatres within Bauchi state public institutions of learning. Lecture theatres in Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University (ATBU), Abubakar Tatari Ali Polytechnic (ATAP), Federal Polytechnic Bauchi (FPTB), and Sa’adu Zungur University (SAZU) were sampled out of the numerous learning institutions in the state. The purpose of the study is to reduce the excessive use of non-green energy and the CO2 emissions associated to the building energy consumption in the lecture theatres. The window performance was assessed through accessing the occupants’ perception in the provision of natural lighting and ventilation. Interviews, observation and questionnaires were used to assess their comfort level with natural ventilation and their satisfaction with natural lighting. The results from the study area identified that, the more occupants of the lecture theatres gets comfortable with window performance in the provision of natural ventilation, the more satisfied they become with the window performance in the provision of natural lighting. In conclusion the study recommends the integration of occupants’ perception in the design of lecture theatres and a design model for building professionals that will effectively optimise energy efficiency in lecture theatres.},
 year = {2025}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Optimising Window Performance for Natural Lighting and Ventilation in Bauchi State Lecture Theatres
AU  - Abdullahi Yusuf
Y1  - 2025/12/17
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaaa.20251104.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijaaa.20251104.12
T2  - International Journal of Architecture, Arts and Applications
JF  - International Journal of Architecture, Arts and Applications
JO  - International Journal of Architecture, Arts and Applications
SP  - 203
EP  - 212
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2472-1131
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaaa.20251104.12
AB  - Lecture theatres are contributors of high energy consumption and the emission of greenhouse gases in Nigeria’s public institution. This consumption of this excess energy came as a result of lightening and ventilating the lecture theatres through conventional means. Therefore, the need to optimise window performance for natural lighting and ventilation in the lecture theatres has become necessary in order to reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gases emission in the environment. The study is aimed at assessing window performance towards the provision of natural lighting and ventilation in lecture theatres within Bauchi state public institutions of learning. Lecture theatres in Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University (ATBU), Abubakar Tatari Ali Polytechnic (ATAP), Federal Polytechnic Bauchi (FPTB), and Sa’adu Zungur University (SAZU) were sampled out of the numerous learning institutions in the state. The purpose of the study is to reduce the excessive use of non-green energy and the CO2 emissions associated to the building energy consumption in the lecture theatres. The window performance was assessed through accessing the occupants’ perception in the provision of natural lighting and ventilation. Interviews, observation and questionnaires were used to assess their comfort level with natural ventilation and their satisfaction with natural lighting. The results from the study area identified that, the more occupants of the lecture theatres gets comfortable with window performance in the provision of natural ventilation, the more satisfied they become with the window performance in the provision of natural lighting. In conclusion the study recommends the integration of occupants’ perception in the design of lecture theatres and a design model for building professionals that will effectively optimise energy efficiency in lecture theatres.
VL  - 11
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Abdullahi Yusuf

Department of Architectural Technology, Hassan Usman Katsina Polytechnic, Katsina, Nigeria

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0009-0529-8727

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Yusuf, A. (2025). Optimising Window Performance for Natural Lighting and Ventilation in Bauchi State Lecture Theatres. International Journal of Architecture, Arts and Applications, 11(4), 203-212. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaaa.20251104.12

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ACS Style

Yusuf, A. Optimising Window Performance for Natural Lighting and Ventilation in Bauchi State Lecture Theatres. Int. J. Archit. Arts Appl. 2025, 11(4), 203-212. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaaa.20251104.12

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AMA Style

Yusuf A. Optimising Window Performance for Natural Lighting and Ventilation in Bauchi State Lecture Theatres. Int J Archit Arts Appl. 2025;11(4):203-212. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaaa.20251104.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijaaa.20251104.12,
  author = {Abdullahi Yusuf},
  title = {Optimising Window Performance for Natural Lighting and Ventilation in Bauchi State Lecture Theatres},
  journal = {International Journal of Architecture, Arts and Applications},
  volume = {11},
  number = {4},
  pages = {203-212},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijaaa.20251104.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaaa.20251104.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijaaa.20251104.12},
  abstract = {Lecture theatres are contributors of high energy consumption and the emission of greenhouse gases in Nigeria’s public institution. This consumption of this excess energy came as a result of lightening and ventilating the lecture theatres through conventional means. Therefore, the need to optimise window performance for natural lighting and ventilation in the lecture theatres has become necessary in order to reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gases emission in the environment. The study is aimed at assessing window performance towards the provision of natural lighting and ventilation in lecture theatres within Bauchi state public institutions of learning. Lecture theatres in Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University (ATBU), Abubakar Tatari Ali Polytechnic (ATAP), Federal Polytechnic Bauchi (FPTB), and Sa’adu Zungur University (SAZU) were sampled out of the numerous learning institutions in the state. The purpose of the study is to reduce the excessive use of non-green energy and the CO2 emissions associated to the building energy consumption in the lecture theatres. The window performance was assessed through accessing the occupants’ perception in the provision of natural lighting and ventilation. Interviews, observation and questionnaires were used to assess their comfort level with natural ventilation and their satisfaction with natural lighting. The results from the study area identified that, the more occupants of the lecture theatres gets comfortable with window performance in the provision of natural ventilation, the more satisfied they become with the window performance in the provision of natural lighting. In conclusion the study recommends the integration of occupants’ perception in the design of lecture theatres and a design model for building professionals that will effectively optimise energy efficiency in lecture theatres.},
 year = {2025}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Optimising Window Performance for Natural Lighting and Ventilation in Bauchi State Lecture Theatres
AU  - Abdullahi Yusuf
Y1  - 2025/12/17
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaaa.20251104.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijaaa.20251104.12
T2  - International Journal of Architecture, Arts and Applications
JF  - International Journal of Architecture, Arts and Applications
JO  - International Journal of Architecture, Arts and Applications
SP  - 203
EP  - 212
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2472-1131
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaaa.20251104.12
AB  - Lecture theatres are contributors of high energy consumption and the emission of greenhouse gases in Nigeria’s public institution. This consumption of this excess energy came as a result of lightening and ventilating the lecture theatres through conventional means. Therefore, the need to optimise window performance for natural lighting and ventilation in the lecture theatres has become necessary in order to reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gases emission in the environment. The study is aimed at assessing window performance towards the provision of natural lighting and ventilation in lecture theatres within Bauchi state public institutions of learning. Lecture theatres in Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University (ATBU), Abubakar Tatari Ali Polytechnic (ATAP), Federal Polytechnic Bauchi (FPTB), and Sa’adu Zungur University (SAZU) were sampled out of the numerous learning institutions in the state. The purpose of the study is to reduce the excessive use of non-green energy and the CO2 emissions associated to the building energy consumption in the lecture theatres. The window performance was assessed through accessing the occupants’ perception in the provision of natural lighting and ventilation. Interviews, observation and questionnaires were used to assess their comfort level with natural ventilation and their satisfaction with natural lighting. The results from the study area identified that, the more occupants of the lecture theatres gets comfortable with window performance in the provision of natural ventilation, the more satisfied they become with the window performance in the provision of natural lighting. In conclusion the study recommends the integration of occupants’ perception in the design of lecture theatres and a design model for building professionals that will effectively optimise energy efficiency in lecture theatres.
VL  - 11
IS  - 4
ER  -

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