Surface Morphology and Magnetic Properties of Isolated Cylindrical Nickel Nanowires

Musaab Salman Sultan

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajn.20170303.11

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Surface Morphology and Magnetic Properties of Isolated Cylindrical Nickel Nanowires

Musaab Salman Sultan

Published in American Journal of Nanosciences (Volume 3, Issue 3)

Received: 10 May 2017 Accepted: 5 June 2017 Published: 4 July 2017

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Abstract

In this article, the surface morphology and magnetic properties of isolated cylindrical nickel (Ni) nanowires fabricated by electrodeposition have been thoroughly investigated using scanning electron microscopy and Magneto-Optical Kerr Effect (MOKE) magnetometry, respectively. The surfaces of most nanowires were found to be homogenous, uniform, and cylindrical in shape. Some others show different diameters and surface features, including; protrusions and branches along their length. The diameter distribution of a wide range of nanowires was found to differ from their template pore diameters. These all variations are more likely due to defects exist in the internal surfaces of the pores within the template itself, or may be associated with the trapped air pockets within the pores during nanowires growth or due to the oxide formation or residual contaminants which may cover these wires. The nanowires lengths were found to differ from their actual lengths estimated during deposition growth. This was attributed to the breakage of nanowires into small sections during releasing process. The hysteresis loops obtained by applying a magnetic field at different angles with respect to the nanowires long axis showed square hysteresis loops with a sharp jump of Kerr signal during switching behaviour, as well as a high squareness ratio, indicating the dominance of shape anisotropy. These results are quite different from the measurements of high density templated nanowires reported in the literature, due to the small number of nearest neighbour nanowires, and hence no magneto-static interaction. The magnetisation reversal of such wires is well described by the non-uniform rotation of the curling model of domain reversal.

Published in	American Journal of Nanosciences (Volume 3, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajn.20170303.11
Page(s)	30-38
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Ferromagnetic Nanowires, Surface Morphology, Magnetic Properties, Magneto-Optical Kerr Effect (MOKE) Magnetometery, Magnetisation Reversal, Curling Model

References

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Musaab Salman Sultan. (2017). Surface Morphology and Magnetic Properties of Isolated Cylindrical Nickel Nanowires. American Journal of Nanosciences, 3(3), 30-38. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajn.20170303.11

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Musaab Salman Sultan. Surface Morphology and Magnetic Properties of Isolated Cylindrical Nickel Nanowires. Am. J. Nanosci. 2017, 3(3), 30-38. doi: 10.11648/j.ajn.20170303.11

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AMA Style

Musaab Salman Sultan. Surface Morphology and Magnetic Properties of Isolated Cylindrical Nickel Nanowires. Am J Nanosci. 2017;3(3):30-38. doi: 10.11648/j.ajn.20170303.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajn.20170303.11,
  author = {Musaab Salman Sultan},
  title = {Surface Morphology and Magnetic Properties of Isolated Cylindrical Nickel Nanowires},
  journal = {American Journal of Nanosciences},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {30-38},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajn.20170303.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajn.20170303.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajn.20170303.11},
  abstract = {In this article, the surface morphology and magnetic properties of isolated cylindrical nickel (Ni) nanowires fabricated by electrodeposition have been thoroughly investigated using scanning electron microscopy and Magneto-Optical Kerr Effect (MOKE) magnetometry, respectively. The surfaces of most nanowires were found to be homogenous, uniform, and cylindrical in shape. Some others show different diameters and surface features, including; protrusions and branches along their length. The diameter distribution of a wide range of nanowires was found to differ from their template pore diameters. These all variations are more likely due to defects exist in the internal surfaces of the pores within the template itself, or may be associated with the trapped air pockets within the pores during nanowires growth or due to the oxide formation or residual contaminants which may cover these wires. The nanowires lengths were found to differ from their actual lengths estimated during deposition growth. This was attributed to the breakage of nanowires into small sections during releasing process. The hysteresis loops obtained by applying a magnetic field at different angles with respect to the nanowires long axis showed square hysteresis loops with a sharp jump of Kerr signal during switching behaviour, as well as a high squareness ratio, indicating the dominance of shape anisotropy. These results are quite different from the measurements of high density templated nanowires reported in the literature, due to the small number of nearest neighbour nanowires, and hence no magneto-static interaction. The magnetisation reversal of such wires is well described by the non-uniform rotation of the curling model of domain reversal.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Surface Morphology and Magnetic Properties of Isolated Cylindrical Nickel Nanowires
AU  - Musaab Salman Sultan
Y1  - 2017/07/04
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajn.20170303.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajn.20170303.11
T2  - American Journal of Nanosciences
JF  - American Journal of Nanosciences
JO  - American Journal of Nanosciences
SP  - 30
EP  - 38
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-4858
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajn.20170303.11
AB  - In this article, the surface morphology and magnetic properties of isolated cylindrical nickel (Ni) nanowires fabricated by electrodeposition have been thoroughly investigated using scanning electron microscopy and Magneto-Optical Kerr Effect (MOKE) magnetometry, respectively. The surfaces of most nanowires were found to be homogenous, uniform, and cylindrical in shape. Some others show different diameters and surface features, including; protrusions and branches along their length. The diameter distribution of a wide range of nanowires was found to differ from their template pore diameters. These all variations are more likely due to defects exist in the internal surfaces of the pores within the template itself, or may be associated with the trapped air pockets within the pores during nanowires growth or due to the oxide formation or residual contaminants which may cover these wires. The nanowires lengths were found to differ from their actual lengths estimated during deposition growth. This was attributed to the breakage of nanowires into small sections during releasing process. The hysteresis loops obtained by applying a magnetic field at different angles with respect to the nanowires long axis showed square hysteresis loops with a sharp jump of Kerr signal during switching behaviour, as well as a high squareness ratio, indicating the dominance of shape anisotropy. These results are quite different from the measurements of high density templated nanowires reported in the literature, due to the small number of nearest neighbour nanowires, and hence no magneto-static interaction. The magnetisation reversal of such wires is well described by the non-uniform rotation of the curling model of domain reversal.
VL  - 3
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Musaab Salman Sultan

Information Security Department, Technical College of Informatics, Dohuk Polytechnic University, Kurdistan Region, Akre, Iraq； Accounting Department, Rawanduz Private Technical Institute, Kurdistan Region, Akre, Iraq

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Musaab Salman Sultan. (2017). Surface Morphology and Magnetic Properties of Isolated Cylindrical Nickel Nanowires. American Journal of Nanosciences, 3(3), 30-38. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajn.20170303.11

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ACS Style

Musaab Salman Sultan. Surface Morphology and Magnetic Properties of Isolated Cylindrical Nickel Nanowires. Am. J. Nanosci. 2017, 3(3), 30-38. doi: 10.11648/j.ajn.20170303.11

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AMA Style

Musaab Salman Sultan. Surface Morphology and Magnetic Properties of Isolated Cylindrical Nickel Nanowires. Am J Nanosci. 2017;3(3):30-38. doi: 10.11648/j.ajn.20170303.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajn.20170303.11,
  author = {Musaab Salman Sultan},
  title = {Surface Morphology and Magnetic Properties of Isolated Cylindrical Nickel Nanowires},
  journal = {American Journal of Nanosciences},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {30-38},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajn.20170303.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajn.20170303.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajn.20170303.11},
  abstract = {In this article, the surface morphology and magnetic properties of isolated cylindrical nickel (Ni) nanowires fabricated by electrodeposition have been thoroughly investigated using scanning electron microscopy and Magneto-Optical Kerr Effect (MOKE) magnetometry, respectively. The surfaces of most nanowires were found to be homogenous, uniform, and cylindrical in shape. Some others show different diameters and surface features, including; protrusions and branches along their length. The diameter distribution of a wide range of nanowires was found to differ from their template pore diameters. These all variations are more likely due to defects exist in the internal surfaces of the pores within the template itself, or may be associated with the trapped air pockets within the pores during nanowires growth or due to the oxide formation or residual contaminants which may cover these wires. The nanowires lengths were found to differ from their actual lengths estimated during deposition growth. This was attributed to the breakage of nanowires into small sections during releasing process. The hysteresis loops obtained by applying a magnetic field at different angles with respect to the nanowires long axis showed square hysteresis loops with a sharp jump of Kerr signal during switching behaviour, as well as a high squareness ratio, indicating the dominance of shape anisotropy. These results are quite different from the measurements of high density templated nanowires reported in the literature, due to the small number of nearest neighbour nanowires, and hence no magneto-static interaction. The magnetisation reversal of such wires is well described by the non-uniform rotation of the curling model of domain reversal.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Surface Morphology and Magnetic Properties of Isolated Cylindrical Nickel Nanowires
AU  - Musaab Salman Sultan
Y1  - 2017/07/04
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajn.20170303.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajn.20170303.11
T2  - American Journal of Nanosciences
JF  - American Journal of Nanosciences
JO  - American Journal of Nanosciences
SP  - 30
EP  - 38
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-4858
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajn.20170303.11
AB  - In this article, the surface morphology and magnetic properties of isolated cylindrical nickel (Ni) nanowires fabricated by electrodeposition have been thoroughly investigated using scanning electron microscopy and Magneto-Optical Kerr Effect (MOKE) magnetometry, respectively. The surfaces of most nanowires were found to be homogenous, uniform, and cylindrical in shape. Some others show different diameters and surface features, including; protrusions and branches along their length. The diameter distribution of a wide range of nanowires was found to differ from their template pore diameters. These all variations are more likely due to defects exist in the internal surfaces of the pores within the template itself, or may be associated with the trapped air pockets within the pores during nanowires growth or due to the oxide formation or residual contaminants which may cover these wires. The nanowires lengths were found to differ from their actual lengths estimated during deposition growth. This was attributed to the breakage of nanowires into small sections during releasing process. The hysteresis loops obtained by applying a magnetic field at different angles with respect to the nanowires long axis showed square hysteresis loops with a sharp jump of Kerr signal during switching behaviour, as well as a high squareness ratio, indicating the dominance of shape anisotropy. These results are quite different from the measurements of high density templated nanowires reported in the literature, due to the small number of nearest neighbour nanowires, and hence no magneto-static interaction. The magnetisation reversal of such wires is well described by the non-uniform rotation of the curling model of domain reversal.
VL  - 3
IS  - 3
ER  -

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