Effects of Specific Heat Models on the Performance of the Irreversible Over-Expansion Cycle

Rim Guk Jang; Myong Chol Ri; Yong Jae Min; Sang Dok Ri; Mun Chon Ryong

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajmie.20251006.15

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Effects of Specific Heat Models on the Performance of the Irreversible Over-Expansion Cycle

Rim Guk Jang, Myong Chol Ri^*

, Yong Jae Min, Sang Dok Ri, Mun Chon Ryong

Published in American Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (Volume 10, Issue 6)

Received: 11 September 2025 Accepted: 18 October 2025 Published: 19 December 2025

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Abstract

Since specific heat variation of working fluid has a great influence on the performance of the engine cycle, it is indispensable to evaluate the effect of different specific heat models on the cycle performance. Different specific heat models including linear, logarithmic, and polynomial ones had already been applied to calculation of the power and efficiency of internal combustion engine cycle, of which polynomial specific heat reflects its detailed variation with temperature. This study aims at deriving the analytic equation with respect to ecological function of the irreversible Dual-Miller cycle (DMC) by using the specific heat model of polynomial, and comparing results of performance calculation based on constant, linear, logarithmic specific heat models with that of polynomial specific heat model. In order to reflect the characteristics of DMC engine in more detail, the cycle involving heat transfer loss, friction loss, and internal irreversible loss of heat expansion as well as variation of specific heat is considered here. In addition, the effects of cycle parameters such as compression ratio and miller cycle ratio, cut-off ratio on the maximum power output and the maximum efficiency conditions are analyzed. The results indicate that logarithmic specific heat model is simpler than polynomial one, but it gives nearly approximate result to polynomial one in calculation of the performance of DMC and AC (Atkinson cycle). The presented models and results are expected to provide guidelines for the design and optimization of DMC engines.

Published in	American Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (Volume 10, Issue 6)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajmie.20251006.15
Page(s)	145-154
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Over-Expansion Cycle, Specific Heat, Polynomial, Logarithmic

References

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APA Style

Jang, R. G., Ri, M. C., Min, Y. J., Ri, S. D., Ryong, M. C. (2025). Effects of Specific Heat Models on the Performance of the Irreversible Over-Expansion Cycle. American Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, 10(6), 145-154. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmie.20251006.15

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ACS Style

Jang, R. G.; Ri, M. C.; Min, Y. J.; Ri, S. D.; Ryong, M. C. Effects of Specific Heat Models on the Performance of the Irreversible Over-Expansion Cycle. Am. J. Mech. Ind. Eng. 2025, 10(6), 145-154. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmie.20251006.15

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AMA Style

Jang RG, Ri MC, Min YJ, Ri SD, Ryong MC. Effects of Specific Heat Models on the Performance of the Irreversible Over-Expansion Cycle. Am J Mech Ind Eng. 2025;10(6):145-154. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmie.20251006.15

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@article{10.11648/j.ajmie.20251006.15,
  author = {Rim Guk Jang and Myong Chol Ri and Yong Jae Min and Sang Dok Ri and Mun Chon Ryong},
  title = {Effects of Specific Heat Models on the Performance of the Irreversible Over-Expansion Cycle},
  journal = {American Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering},
  volume = {10},
  number = {6},
  pages = {145-154},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajmie.20251006.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmie.20251006.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajmie.20251006.15},
  abstract = {Since specific heat variation of working fluid has a great influence on the performance of the engine cycle, it is indispensable to evaluate the effect of different specific heat models on the cycle performance. Different specific heat models including linear, logarithmic, and polynomial ones had already been applied to calculation of the power and efficiency of internal combustion engine cycle, of which polynomial specific heat reflects its detailed variation with temperature. This study aims at deriving the analytic equation with respect to ecological function of the irreversible Dual-Miller cycle (DMC) by using the specific heat model of polynomial, and comparing results of performance calculation based on constant, linear, logarithmic specific heat models with that of polynomial specific heat model. In order to reflect the characteristics of DMC engine in more detail, the cycle involving heat transfer loss, friction loss, and internal irreversible loss of heat expansion as well as variation of specific heat is considered here. In addition, the effects of cycle parameters such as compression ratio and miller cycle ratio, cut-off ratio on the maximum power output and the maximum efficiency conditions are analyzed. The results indicate that logarithmic specific heat model is simpler than polynomial one, but it gives nearly approximate result to polynomial one in calculation of the performance of DMC and AC (Atkinson cycle). The presented models and results are expected to provide guidelines for the design and optimization of DMC engines.},
 year = {2025}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effects of Specific Heat Models on the Performance of the Irreversible Over-Expansion Cycle
AU  - Rim Guk Jang
AU  - Myong Chol Ri
AU  - Yong Jae Min
AU  - Sang Dok Ri
AU  - Mun Chon Ryong
Y1  - 2025/12/19
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmie.20251006.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajmie.20251006.15
T2  - American Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
SP  - 145
EP  - 154
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-6060
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmie.20251006.15
AB  - Since specific heat variation of working fluid has a great influence on the performance of the engine cycle, it is indispensable to evaluate the effect of different specific heat models on the cycle performance. Different specific heat models including linear, logarithmic, and polynomial ones had already been applied to calculation of the power and efficiency of internal combustion engine cycle, of which polynomial specific heat reflects its detailed variation with temperature. This study aims at deriving the analytic equation with respect to ecological function of the irreversible Dual-Miller cycle (DMC) by using the specific heat model of polynomial, and comparing results of performance calculation based on constant, linear, logarithmic specific heat models with that of polynomial specific heat model. In order to reflect the characteristics of DMC engine in more detail, the cycle involving heat transfer loss, friction loss, and internal irreversible loss of heat expansion as well as variation of specific heat is considered here. In addition, the effects of cycle parameters such as compression ratio and miller cycle ratio, cut-off ratio on the maximum power output and the maximum efficiency conditions are analyzed. The results indicate that logarithmic specific heat model is simpler than polynomial one, but it gives nearly approximate result to polynomial one in calculation of the performance of DMC and AC (Atkinson cycle). The presented models and results are expected to provide guidelines for the design and optimization of DMC engines.
VL  - 10
IS  - 6
ER  -

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Author Information

Rim Guk Jang

Faculty of Physical Engineering, Kim Chaek University of Technology, Pyongyang, DPR Korea
Myong Chol Ri

Faculty of Physical Engineering, Kim Chaek University of Technology, Pyongyang, DPR Korea

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0007-5835-904X
Yong Jae Min

Faculty of Physical Engineering, Kim Chaek University of Technology, Pyongyang, DPR Korea
Sang Dok Ri

Faculty of Physical Engineering, Kim Chaek University of Technology, Pyongyang, DPR Korea
Mun Chon Ryong

Faculty of Physical Engineering, Kim Chaek University of Technology, Pyongyang, DPR Korea

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APA Style

Jang, R. G., Ri, M. C., Min, Y. J., Ri, S. D., Ryong, M. C. (2025). Effects of Specific Heat Models on the Performance of the Irreversible Over-Expansion Cycle. American Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, 10(6), 145-154. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmie.20251006.15

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ACS Style

Jang, R. G.; Ri, M. C.; Min, Y. J.; Ri, S. D.; Ryong, M. C. Effects of Specific Heat Models on the Performance of the Irreversible Over-Expansion Cycle. Am. J. Mech. Ind. Eng. 2025, 10(6), 145-154. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmie.20251006.15

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AMA Style

Jang RG, Ri MC, Min YJ, Ri SD, Ryong MC. Effects of Specific Heat Models on the Performance of the Irreversible Over-Expansion Cycle. Am J Mech Ind Eng. 2025;10(6):145-154. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmie.20251006.15

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@article{10.11648/j.ajmie.20251006.15,
  author = {Rim Guk Jang and Myong Chol Ri and Yong Jae Min and Sang Dok Ri and Mun Chon Ryong},
  title = {Effects of Specific Heat Models on the Performance of the Irreversible Over-Expansion Cycle},
  journal = {American Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering},
  volume = {10},
  number = {6},
  pages = {145-154},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajmie.20251006.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmie.20251006.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajmie.20251006.15},
  abstract = {Since specific heat variation of working fluid has a great influence on the performance of the engine cycle, it is indispensable to evaluate the effect of different specific heat models on the cycle performance. Different specific heat models including linear, logarithmic, and polynomial ones had already been applied to calculation of the power and efficiency of internal combustion engine cycle, of which polynomial specific heat reflects its detailed variation with temperature. This study aims at deriving the analytic equation with respect to ecological function of the irreversible Dual-Miller cycle (DMC) by using the specific heat model of polynomial, and comparing results of performance calculation based on constant, linear, logarithmic specific heat models with that of polynomial specific heat model. In order to reflect the characteristics of DMC engine in more detail, the cycle involving heat transfer loss, friction loss, and internal irreversible loss of heat expansion as well as variation of specific heat is considered here. In addition, the effects of cycle parameters such as compression ratio and miller cycle ratio, cut-off ratio on the maximum power output and the maximum efficiency conditions are analyzed. The results indicate that logarithmic specific heat model is simpler than polynomial one, but it gives nearly approximate result to polynomial one in calculation of the performance of DMC and AC (Atkinson cycle). The presented models and results are expected to provide guidelines for the design and optimization of DMC engines.},
 year = {2025}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effects of Specific Heat Models on the Performance of the Irreversible Over-Expansion Cycle
AU  - Rim Guk Jang
AU  - Myong Chol Ri
AU  - Yong Jae Min
AU  - Sang Dok Ri
AU  - Mun Chon Ryong
Y1  - 2025/12/19
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmie.20251006.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajmie.20251006.15
T2  - American Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
SP  - 145
EP  - 154
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-6060
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmie.20251006.15
AB  - Since specific heat variation of working fluid has a great influence on the performance of the engine cycle, it is indispensable to evaluate the effect of different specific heat models on the cycle performance. Different specific heat models including linear, logarithmic, and polynomial ones had already been applied to calculation of the power and efficiency of internal combustion engine cycle, of which polynomial specific heat reflects its detailed variation with temperature. This study aims at deriving the analytic equation with respect to ecological function of the irreversible Dual-Miller cycle (DMC) by using the specific heat model of polynomial, and comparing results of performance calculation based on constant, linear, logarithmic specific heat models with that of polynomial specific heat model. In order to reflect the characteristics of DMC engine in more detail, the cycle involving heat transfer loss, friction loss, and internal irreversible loss of heat expansion as well as variation of specific heat is considered here. In addition, the effects of cycle parameters such as compression ratio and miller cycle ratio, cut-off ratio on the maximum power output and the maximum efficiency conditions are analyzed. The results indicate that logarithmic specific heat model is simpler than polynomial one, but it gives nearly approximate result to polynomial one in calculation of the performance of DMC and AC (Atkinson cycle). The presented models and results are expected to provide guidelines for the design and optimization of DMC engines.
VL  - 10
IS  - 6
ER  -

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