Experimental Evaluation of Basin Type Solar Still for Saline and Fluoride Water Purification (A Case on Giby-Deep Well Water, Dupti, Afar-Ethiopia)

Chala Diriba Gurmu; Belay Woldeyes; Belachew Melese

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajere.20170201.14

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Experimental Evaluation of Basin Type Solar Still for Saline and Fluoride Water Purification (A Case on Giby-Deep Well Water, Dupti, Afar-Ethiopia)

Chala Diriba Gurmu, Belay Woldeyes, Belachew Melese

Published in American Journal of Environmental and Resource Economics (Volume 2, Issue 1)

Received: 2 December 2016 Accepted: 20 December 2016 Published: 21 January 2017

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Abstract

In Ethiopia 61 percent of the rural population lacks an access to improved water sources and 62 Percent of rural households are travelling 30 minutes or more to fetch drinking water daily, mostly by child and women. This study presents the purification of water that contains saline and fluoride by using solar distillation. Three different alternatives: single slope, double slope and double slope solar still integrated with parabolic solar trough were designed and installed in the compound of Samara University and daily production and purification performance was investigated from April 6/2015 to April 8/2015. Daily yield was reduced, when water level increased from 3cm to 7cm. The 3cm water level was established for all three alternatives to compare the daily yield of the three alternatives. Single basin single slope solar still, having an area of 1mx1m basin causes the recirculation of distilled water, as a result its full production capacity couldn’t be obtained. Double slope solar still integrated with parabolic solar still produces a yield 7% higher than double slope solar still of 3.16kg. The purification efficiency stills were: TDS=99.66%, Total hardness=94.7%, Total alkalinity=93.8%, Salinity=100% and fluoride=96.5%. As a result any brackish and fluoride problems currently determinant to the society to access clean water in Afar can be purified with a solar still distillation.

Published in	American Journal of Environmental and Resource Economics (Volume 2, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajere.20170201.14
Page(s)	27-36
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Solar Still, Fluoride, Saline, Parabolic Solar Concentrator, Trough

References

[1]	www.unwater.org/downloads/Water_facts_and_trends.pdf.
[2]	Umesh Bokade, Zakiuddin Syed Kazi, and Girish D Mehta, ‘’Design And Development Of Manually energized Water Distillation Device”, Int. J. Mech. Eng. & Rob. Res. Vol. 2, No1. pp. 264-68, Jan. 2013.
[3]	Anfas Mukram T and Suneesh P U “Experimental Analysis of Active Solar Still With Air Pump and External Boosting Mirrors,” International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 2, Issue 7, July 2013.
[4]	USAID Ethiopia, Fact Sheet, Water, U. S. Agency for International Development 2, 2014.
[5]	http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/countries_regions/eth/index.stm.
[6]	S. Abdallah, O. Badran and M. M. Abu-Khader, “Performance Evaluation of a Modified Design of a Sin-gle-Basin Solar Still,” Desalination, Vol. 219, No. 1-3, pp.222-230, 2008.
[7]	www.unicef.org/ethiopia/ET_sitan_2012.pdf, accessed on Apr1, 2015.
[8]	http://www.appropedia.org/Original:Understanding_Solar_Stills.
[9]	A. Iqbal and M. Ahmad, “development and performance analysis of a domestic solar still”, ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences vol. 9, No. 7(2014).
[10]	Khalifa, A. J. N., “effect of cover tilt angle of the simple solar still on its productivity in different seasons and latitudes”, Energy Conversion and Management 52: 431-436,2010.
[11]	Bizuayehu Bogale and AbiyAlemayehu, “Optimal Design of a Standalone Photovoltaic Power Supply System for Air Conditioning Application at Samara University as an Alternative to Diesel Generator Source” ISSN: 2226-7522(Print) and 2305-3327 (Online) Science, Technology and Arts Research Journal, 1 (2): 65-71, 2012.

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APA Style

Chala Diriba Gurmu, Belay Woldeyes, Belachew Melese. (2017). Experimental Evaluation of Basin Type Solar Still for Saline and Fluoride Water Purification (A Case on Giby-Deep Well Water, Dupti, Afar-Ethiopia). American Journal of Environmental and Resource Economics, 2(1), 27-36. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajere.20170201.14

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ACS Style

Chala Diriba Gurmu; Belay Woldeyes; Belachew Melese. Experimental Evaluation of Basin Type Solar Still for Saline and Fluoride Water Purification (A Case on Giby-Deep Well Water, Dupti, Afar-Ethiopia). Am. J. Environ. Resour. Econ. 2017, 2(1), 27-36. doi: 10.11648/j.ajere.20170201.14

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AMA Style

Chala Diriba Gurmu, Belay Woldeyes, Belachew Melese. Experimental Evaluation of Basin Type Solar Still for Saline and Fluoride Water Purification (A Case on Giby-Deep Well Water, Dupti, Afar-Ethiopia). Am J Environ Resour Econ. 2017;2(1):27-36. doi: 10.11648/j.ajere.20170201.14

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@article{10.11648/j.ajere.20170201.14,
  author = {Chala Diriba Gurmu and Belay Woldeyes and Belachew Melese},
  title = {Experimental Evaluation of Basin Type Solar Still for Saline and Fluoride Water Purification (A Case on Giby-Deep Well Water, Dupti, Afar-Ethiopia)},
  journal = {American Journal of Environmental and Resource Economics},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27-36},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajere.20170201.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajere.20170201.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajere.20170201.14},
  abstract = {In Ethiopia 61 percent of the rural population lacks an access to improved water sources and 62 Percent of rural households are travelling 30 minutes or more to fetch drinking water daily, mostly by child and women. This study presents the purification of water that contains saline and fluoride by using solar distillation. Three different alternatives: single slope, double slope and double slope solar still integrated with parabolic solar trough were designed and installed in the compound of Samara University and daily production and purification performance was investigated from April 6/2015 to April 8/2015. Daily yield was reduced, when water level increased from 3cm to 7cm. The 3cm water level was established for all three alternatives to compare the daily yield of the three alternatives. Single basin single slope solar still, having an area of 1mx1m basin causes the recirculation of distilled water, as a result its full production capacity couldn’t be obtained. Double slope solar still integrated with parabolic solar still produces a yield 7% higher than double slope solar still of 3.16kg. The purification efficiency stills were: TDS=99.66%, Total hardness=94.7%, Total alkalinity=93.8%, Salinity=100% and fluoride=96.5%. As a result any brackish and fluoride problems currently determinant to the society to access clean water in Afar can be purified with a solar still distillation.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Experimental Evaluation of Basin Type Solar Still for Saline and Fluoride Water Purification (A Case on Giby-Deep Well Water, Dupti, Afar-Ethiopia)
AU  - Chala Diriba Gurmu
AU  - Belay Woldeyes
AU  - Belachew Melese
Y1  - 2017/01/21
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajere.20170201.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajere.20170201.14
T2  - American Journal of Environmental and Resource Economics
JF  - American Journal of Environmental and Resource Economics
JO  - American Journal of Environmental and Resource Economics
SP  - 27
EP  - 36
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2578-787X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajere.20170201.14
AB  - In Ethiopia 61 percent of the rural population lacks an access to improved water sources and 62 Percent of rural households are travelling 30 minutes or more to fetch drinking water daily, mostly by child and women. This study presents the purification of water that contains saline and fluoride by using solar distillation. Three different alternatives: single slope, double slope and double slope solar still integrated with parabolic solar trough were designed and installed in the compound of Samara University and daily production and purification performance was investigated from April 6/2015 to April 8/2015. Daily yield was reduced, when water level increased from 3cm to 7cm. The 3cm water level was established for all three alternatives to compare the daily yield of the three alternatives. Single basin single slope solar still, having an area of 1mx1m basin causes the recirculation of distilled water, as a result its full production capacity couldn’t be obtained. Double slope solar still integrated with parabolic solar still produces a yield 7% higher than double slope solar still of 3.16kg. The purification efficiency stills were: TDS=99.66%, Total hardness=94.7%, Total alkalinity=93.8%, Salinity=100% and fluoride=96.5%. As a result any brackish and fluoride problems currently determinant to the society to access clean water in Afar can be purified with a solar still distillation.
VL  - 2
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Chala Diriba Gurmu

Department of Chemical Engineering, Samara University, Samara, Ethiopia
Belay Woldeyes

School of Chemical and Bio-Engineering, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Belachew Melese

Department of Statics, Samara University, Samara, Ethiopia

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APA Style

Chala Diriba Gurmu, Belay Woldeyes, Belachew Melese. (2017). Experimental Evaluation of Basin Type Solar Still for Saline and Fluoride Water Purification (A Case on Giby-Deep Well Water, Dupti, Afar-Ethiopia). American Journal of Environmental and Resource Economics, 2(1), 27-36. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajere.20170201.14

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ACS Style

Chala Diriba Gurmu; Belay Woldeyes; Belachew Melese. Experimental Evaluation of Basin Type Solar Still for Saline and Fluoride Water Purification (A Case on Giby-Deep Well Water, Dupti, Afar-Ethiopia). Am. J. Environ. Resour. Econ. 2017, 2(1), 27-36. doi: 10.11648/j.ajere.20170201.14

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AMA Style

Chala Diriba Gurmu, Belay Woldeyes, Belachew Melese. Experimental Evaluation of Basin Type Solar Still for Saline and Fluoride Water Purification (A Case on Giby-Deep Well Water, Dupti, Afar-Ethiopia). Am J Environ Resour Econ. 2017;2(1):27-36. doi: 10.11648/j.ajere.20170201.14

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@article{10.11648/j.ajere.20170201.14,
  author = {Chala Diriba Gurmu and Belay Woldeyes and Belachew Melese},
  title = {Experimental Evaluation of Basin Type Solar Still for Saline and Fluoride Water Purification (A Case on Giby-Deep Well Water, Dupti, Afar-Ethiopia)},
  journal = {American Journal of Environmental and Resource Economics},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27-36},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajere.20170201.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajere.20170201.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajere.20170201.14},
  abstract = {In Ethiopia 61 percent of the rural population lacks an access to improved water sources and 62 Percent of rural households are travelling 30 minutes or more to fetch drinking water daily, mostly by child and women. This study presents the purification of water that contains saline and fluoride by using solar distillation. Three different alternatives: single slope, double slope and double slope solar still integrated with parabolic solar trough were designed and installed in the compound of Samara University and daily production and purification performance was investigated from April 6/2015 to April 8/2015. Daily yield was reduced, when water level increased from 3cm to 7cm. The 3cm water level was established for all three alternatives to compare the daily yield of the three alternatives. Single basin single slope solar still, having an area of 1mx1m basin causes the recirculation of distilled water, as a result its full production capacity couldn’t be obtained. Double slope solar still integrated with parabolic solar still produces a yield 7% higher than double slope solar still of 3.16kg. The purification efficiency stills were: TDS=99.66%, Total hardness=94.7%, Total alkalinity=93.8%, Salinity=100% and fluoride=96.5%. As a result any brackish and fluoride problems currently determinant to the society to access clean water in Afar can be purified with a solar still distillation.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Experimental Evaluation of Basin Type Solar Still for Saline and Fluoride Water Purification (A Case on Giby-Deep Well Water, Dupti, Afar-Ethiopia)
AU  - Chala Diriba Gurmu
AU  - Belay Woldeyes
AU  - Belachew Melese
Y1  - 2017/01/21
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajere.20170201.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajere.20170201.14
T2  - American Journal of Environmental and Resource Economics
JF  - American Journal of Environmental and Resource Economics
JO  - American Journal of Environmental and Resource Economics
SP  - 27
EP  - 36
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2578-787X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajere.20170201.14
AB  - In Ethiopia 61 percent of the rural population lacks an access to improved water sources and 62 Percent of rural households are travelling 30 minutes or more to fetch drinking water daily, mostly by child and women. This study presents the purification of water that contains saline and fluoride by using solar distillation. Three different alternatives: single slope, double slope and double slope solar still integrated with parabolic solar trough were designed and installed in the compound of Samara University and daily production and purification performance was investigated from April 6/2015 to April 8/2015. Daily yield was reduced, when water level increased from 3cm to 7cm. The 3cm water level was established for all three alternatives to compare the daily yield of the three alternatives. Single basin single slope solar still, having an area of 1mx1m basin causes the recirculation of distilled water, as a result its full production capacity couldn’t be obtained. Double slope solar still integrated with parabolic solar still produces a yield 7% higher than double slope solar still of 3.16kg. The purification efficiency stills were: TDS=99.66%, Total hardness=94.7%, Total alkalinity=93.8%, Salinity=100% and fluoride=96.5%. As a result any brackish and fluoride problems currently determinant to the society to access clean water in Afar can be purified with a solar still distillation.
VL  - 2
IS  - 1
ER  -

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