| Peer-Reviewed

Synthesis and Analysis of Graphene Nano Composite

Received: 30 November 2018    Accepted: 21 December 2018    Published: 22 January 2019
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

Graphene based composites have various applications in the modern world. In which synthesis of effective composite suitable for applications is a challenging task. One among the application area of graphene composite is in wastewater treatment. Water pollution is now a days consider to be a major global health and environmental issue affecting all ecosystems as well as life forms. While considering pollution the most dominant in creating pollution is found to be the industries and factories. Saying about the industries the available facilities in the water treatment is found to be the major challenges in treating of polluted water caused by heavy metals and dyes. In factories, only lower stage of wastewater treatment is alone found to be available. Some of the industries they are installing economical based treatment plant to manage the government policies and not following the pollutant removal completely. In such case, lower level pollutants alone found to be removed and higher-level hazardous metals and dyes are found to be not removed generally. To overcome such situation and support industries as well as factories introduction of economical adsorbent to remove the waste is the major proposal. This paper discusses various graphene-based adsorbents persisting in the removal of dye and heavy metals as well as synthesis of efficient Composite.

Published in Composite Materials (Volume 2, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.cm.20180202.11
Page(s) 43-48
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Graphene, Adsorbents, Dye, Heavy Metal Ions, Water Bodies, Pollutant Removal

References
[1] Ahmed, M. B, Zhou, J. L, & Guo, W, 2015, “Adsorptive removal of antibiotics from water and wastewater: Progress and challenges”, Science Total Environment, vol. 532, pp. 112-126.
[2] Alvarez- Torrellas, S, Peres, J. A, Gil-Álvarez, V, Ovejerp, G & García, J, 2017, “Effective adsorption of non-biodegradable pharmaceuticals from hospital wastewater with different carbon materials” Chemical. Engineering journal, vol.320, pp. 319-329.
[3] Chen, Q, Zhu, R, Zhu, Y, Liu, J, Zhu, L, Ma, L & Chen, M, 2016, “Adsorption of polyhydroxy fullerene on polyethylenimine-modified montmorillonite”, Appl. Clay Sci., vol-132, pp-412-418.
[4] Novoselov, K. S, Geim, A. K, Morozov, S. V, Jiang, D, Zhang, Y, Grigorieva, I. V & Firsov, A, 2004, “Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films”. Science, vol-306, pp- 666.
[5] Patiño, Y, Díaz, E, Ordóñez, S, Gallegos-Suarez, E, Guerrero-Ruiz, A & Rodríguez-Ramos, I, 2015, “Adsorption of emerging pollutants on functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes”. Chemosphere, vol-136, pp-174-180.
[6] Peng, W, Li, H, Liu, Y & Song, S, 2017, “A review on heavy metal ions adsorption from water by graphene oxide and its composites”, Journal of Molecular Liquids, Vol-230, pp-496-504.
[7] Zhu, S, Liu, Y. G, Liu, S. B, Zeng, G. M, Jiang, L. H, Tan, X. F, Zhou, L, Zeng, W, Li, T. T & Yang, C. P, 2017, “Adsorption of emerging contaminant metformin using graphene oxide”, Chemosphere, vol-179, pp-20-28.
[8] Meyer, J. C, Geim, A. K, Katsnelson, M. I, Novoselov, K. S, Booth, T. J & Roth, S, 2007, “The structure of suspended graphene sheets”, Nature, vol- 446, pp- 60-63.
[9] Adán-Más, A, Duarte, R. G, Silva, T. M, Guerlou -Demourgues, L & Montemor, M. F. G, 2017, “Design of new metallic oxide-carbon hybrid composites for super capacitors electrodes”, vol-126, pp-208-216.
[10] Chen, H, Chang, X, Chen, D, Liu, J, Liu, P, Xue, Y, Lin, H & Han, S, 2016 ,“Graphene-Karst Cave Flower-like Ni–Mn Layered Double Oxides Nano arrays with Energy Storage Electrode”, Electrochim. Acta, vol-220, pp- 36-46.
[11] Chia, J. S. Y, Tan, M. T. T, Khiew, P. S, Chin, J. K, Lee, H, Bien, D. C. S & Siong, C. W, 2014, “A novel one step synthesis of graphene via sono chemical-assisted solvent exfoliation approach for electrochemical sensing application” Chemical Engineering Journal, vol- 249, pp- 270-278.
[12] Liu, J, & Gooding, J, 2012, “Strategies for chemical modification of graphene and applications of chemically modified graphene”, Journal of Material Chemistry, vol-22, pp-12435-12452.
[13] Minitha, C. R, Lalitha, M, Jeyachandran, Y. L, Senthilkumar, L, & Kumar, R. T, 2017,“ Adsorption behaviour of reduced graphene oxide towards cationic and anionic dyes: Co-action of electrostatic and π – π interactions”, Material of Chemistry and Physics, vol-194, pp-243-252.
[14] Novoselov, K. S, Geim, A K, Morozov, S. V, Jiang, D, Zhang, Y, Grigorieva, I. V & Firsov, A. A, 2004,” Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin arbon Films”, Science, vol-306, pp- 666.
[15] Wang, J, Li, C, Zhang, X, Xia, L, Zhang, X, Wu, H & Guo, S, 2017, “polycarbona tetoughening with reduced graphene oxide: Toward high toughness, strength and notch resistance”, Chemical Engineering Journal, vol-325, pp- 474-484.
[16] Wang, P, Yang, J, Liu, W, Tang, X. Z, Zhao, K, Lu, X & Xu, S, 2017d“ Tunable crack propagation behavior in carbon fiber reinforced plastic laminates with polydopamine and graphene oxide treated fibers”, Material & Design, vol- 113, pp- 68-75.
[17] Järup, L, 2003 “Hazards of heavy metal contamination”, Brazilian Medical Bulletin, vol-68, pp-167-182.
[18] Vunain, E, Mishra, A. K & Mamba, B. B, 2016,“Dendrimers, mesoporous silicas and chitosan-based Nano sorbents for the removal of heavy-metal ions: A review”. International Journal of Biological Macromol, vol-86, pp-570-586.
[19] Kula, I, Ugurlu, M, Kraoglu, H & Celik, A, 2008 “Adsorption of Cd(II) ions from aqueous solutions using activated carbon prepared from olive strobe by ZnCl2 activation”, Bio-resource Technology, vol-99, pp- 492-501.
[20] Karatas, M, 2012, “Removal of Pb(II) from water by natural zeolitic tuff: kinetics and themo dynamics” Journal Hazard Material, vol-199-200, pp-383-389.
[21] Monferran, M. V, Pignata, M. L & Wunderlin, D. A, 2012, “Enhanced phyto extraction of chromium by the aquatic macrophye Potamogeton pusillus in presence of copper”, Environment Pollution, vol-161, pp-15-22.
[22] Wang, J. and Chen, C, 2006, “Bio-sorption of heavy metals by Saccharomyces cerevisiae: A review”, Biotechnology Advances, vol- 24, pp- 427-451.
[23] Volesky, B and Holan, Z. R, 1995, “Bio-sorption of heavy metals”, Biotechnology Program, vol-11, pp- 235-250.
[24] Das, N, 2010. “Recovery of precious metals through bio-sorption-a review”, Hydrometallurgy, vol-103, pp-180-189.
[25] Liu, J, Guo, D, Zhou, Y, Wu, Z, Li, W, Zhao, F & Zheng, X, 2011, “Identification of ancient textiles from Yingpan, Xinjiang, by multiple analytical techniques”, Journal Archaeol Science, vol-38, pp-1763-1770.
[26] Ajmal, A, Majeed, Nadeem, & M, I,. A, 2014, “Principles and mechanisms of photo catalytic dye degradation on TiO2 based photo catalysts: a comparative overview”, RSC Advances., vol-4, pp- 37003-37026.
[27] Lee, L. Y, Chin, D. Z. B, & Gan, S, 2015, “Evaluation of Abel moschuse sculentus (lady's finger) seed as a novel bio-sorbent for the removal of Acid Blue 113 dye from aqueous solutions”, Process Safety and Environment Protection, vol-94, pp- 329-338.
[28] Natarajan, S, Bajaj, H. C & Tayade, R. J, 2017, “Recent advances based on the synergetic effect of adsorption for removal of dyes from waste water using photo catalytic process”, Journal of Environment and Science, Vol-65, pp-201-222.
[29] Natarajan, T. S, Natarajan, K, Bajaj, H. C, Tayade, R. J, 2013, “Study on identification of leather industry wastewater constituents and its photo catalytic treatment”, International Journal. Environmental Science Technology, vol-10, pp-855-864.
[30] Yagub, M. T, Sen, T. K, Afroze, S, Ang, H. M, 2014“Dye and its removal from aqueous solution by adsorption: A review”, Advances of Colloid Interface Science, vol-209, pp-172-184.
[31] Brodie, B. C, 1859, “On the Atomic Weight of Graphite”, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, vol-149, pp-249-259.
[32] Hofmann, U. and König, E, 1937, “Untersuchungenüber Graphitoxyd”, anorganische and allgemeine chemie ,vol- 234, pp-311-336.
[33] Hummers, W. S. and Offeman, R. E., 1958, “Preparation of Graphitic Oxide”. Journal of American society, vol-80, pp-1339-1339.
[34] Wang, X, Zhang, Y, Zhi, C, Wang, X, Tang, D, Xu, Y, Weng, Q, Jiang, X, Mitome, M, Golberg, D, and Bando, Y, 2013c, “Three-dimensional strutted graphene grown by substrate-free sugar blowing for high-power-density super capacitors”, National Communication, vol-4, pp-2905.
[35] Jiang, X.-F, Wang, X. B, Dai, P, Li, X, Weng, Q, Wang, X, Tang, D. M, Tang, J, Bando, Y and Golberg, D, 2015, “High-throughput fabrication of strutted graphene by ammonium-assisted chemical blowing for high-performance super capacitors”, Nano Energy, vol-16, pp-81-90.
[36] Shehzad, K, Xu, Y, Gao, C and Duan, X, 2016, “Three-dimensional macro-structures of two-dimensional nanomaterial”, Chemical. Society Reviews, vol-45, pp-5541-5588.
[37] Liu, S, Yao, F, Oderinde, O, Zhang, Z and Fu, G, 2017, “Green synthesis of oriented xanthan gum–graphene oxide hybrid aerogels for water purification”, Carbohydrate Polymers, vol-174, pp- 392-399.
[38] He Luo, K, Li, L, Chen, J and Li, J, 2016, “Engineering Reduced Graphene Oxide Aerogel Produced by Effective γ-ray Radiation-Induced Self-Assembly and Its Application for Continuous Oil–Water Separation”, Industrial Engineering Chemical Research, vol-55, pp-3775-3781.
[39] Wu, Z. S, Yang, S, Sun, Y, Parvez, K, Feng, X, and Müllen, K, 2012, “3D Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Aerogel-Supported Fe3O4 Nanoparticles as Efficient Electro catalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction”, Journal American Chemistry Society, vol-134, pp-9082-9085.
[40] Zhang, X, Sui, Z, Xu, B, Yue, S, Luo, Y, Zhan, W and Liu, B, 2011, “Mechanically strong and highly conductive graphene aerogel and its use as electrodes for electrochemical power sources”, Journal of Material Chemistry, vol- 21, pp-6494-6497.
[41] Wan, W, Zhang, F, Yu, S, Zhang, R, and Zhou, Y, 2016 “Hydrothermal formation of graphene aerogel for oil sorption: the role of reducing agent, reaction time and temperature” , New Journal of Chemistry, vol- 40, pp-3040-3046.
[42] Fan, X, Peng, W, Li, Y, Li, X, Wang, S, Zhang, G and Zhang, F, 2008, “ De-oxygenation of Exfoliated Graphite Oxide under Alkaline Conditions: A Green Route to Graphene Preparation”, Advances of Material, vol- 20, pp-4490-4493.
[43] Xu, L, Xiao, G, Chen, C, Li, R, Mai, Y, Sun, G and Yan, D, 2015, “Super hydrophobic and superoleophilic graphene aerogel prepared by facile chemical reduction”, Journal Material Chemistry A, vol-3, pp-7498-7504.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Pachiyappan Jayakaran, Gnanasundaram Nirmala, Govindarajan Lakshmanarao. (2019). Synthesis and Analysis of Graphene Nano Composite. Composite Materials, 2(2), 43-48. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cm.20180202.11

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Pachiyappan Jayakaran; Gnanasundaram Nirmala; Govindarajan Lakshmanarao. Synthesis and Analysis of Graphene Nano Composite. Compos. Mater. 2019, 2(2), 43-48. doi: 10.11648/j.cm.20180202.11

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Pachiyappan Jayakaran, Gnanasundaram Nirmala, Govindarajan Lakshmanarao. Synthesis and Analysis of Graphene Nano Composite. Compos Mater. 2019;2(2):43-48. doi: 10.11648/j.cm.20180202.11

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.cm.20180202.11,
      author = {Pachiyappan Jayakaran and Gnanasundaram Nirmala and Govindarajan Lakshmanarao},
      title = {Synthesis and Analysis of Graphene Nano Composite},
      journal = {Composite Materials},
      volume = {2},
      number = {2},
      pages = {43-48},
      doi = {10.11648/j.cm.20180202.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cm.20180202.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.cm.20180202.11},
      abstract = {Graphene based composites have various applications in the modern world. In which synthesis of effective composite suitable for applications is a challenging task. One among the application area of graphene composite is in wastewater treatment. Water pollution is now a days consider to be a major global health and environmental issue affecting all ecosystems as well as life forms. While considering pollution the most dominant in creating pollution is found to be the industries and factories. Saying about the industries the available facilities in the water treatment is found to be the major challenges in treating of polluted water caused by heavy metals and dyes. In factories, only lower stage of wastewater treatment is alone found to be available. Some of the industries they are installing economical based treatment plant to manage the government policies and not following the pollutant removal completely. In such case, lower level pollutants alone found to be removed and higher-level hazardous metals and dyes are found to be not removed generally. To overcome such situation and support industries as well as factories introduction of economical adsorbent to remove the waste is the major proposal. This paper discusses various graphene-based adsorbents persisting in the removal of dye and heavy metals as well as synthesis of efficient Composite.},
     year = {2019}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Synthesis and Analysis of Graphene Nano Composite
    AU  - Pachiyappan Jayakaran
    AU  - Gnanasundaram Nirmala
    AU  - Govindarajan Lakshmanarao
    Y1  - 2019/01/22
    PY  - 2019
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cm.20180202.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.cm.20180202.11
    T2  - Composite Materials
    JF  - Composite Materials
    JO  - Composite Materials
    SP  - 43
    EP  - 48
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2994-7103
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cm.20180202.11
    AB  - Graphene based composites have various applications in the modern world. In which synthesis of effective composite suitable for applications is a challenging task. One among the application area of graphene composite is in wastewater treatment. Water pollution is now a days consider to be a major global health and environmental issue affecting all ecosystems as well as life forms. While considering pollution the most dominant in creating pollution is found to be the industries and factories. Saying about the industries the available facilities in the water treatment is found to be the major challenges in treating of polluted water caused by heavy metals and dyes. In factories, only lower stage of wastewater treatment is alone found to be available. Some of the industries they are installing economical based treatment plant to manage the government policies and not following the pollutant removal completely. In such case, lower level pollutants alone found to be removed and higher-level hazardous metals and dyes are found to be not removed generally. To overcome such situation and support industries as well as factories introduction of economical adsorbent to remove the waste is the major proposal. This paper discusses various graphene-based adsorbents persisting in the removal of dye and heavy metals as well as synthesis of efficient Composite.
    VL  - 2
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Department of Chemical Engineering, Vellore Institute of technology University, Vellore, India

  • Department of Chemical Engineering, Vellore Institute of technology University, Vellore, India

  • Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Applied Sciences, Suhar, Sultanate of Oman

  • Sections