Determination of Optimum Pressure Loss Coefficient and Flow Distribution at Unsymmetrical Pipe Trifurcation Using Experimental and Numerical Technique

Basappa Meti; Nagaraj Sitaram

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ae.20170102.11

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Determination of Optimum Pressure Loss Coefficient and Flow Distribution at Unsymmetrical Pipe Trifurcation Using Experimental and Numerical Technique

Basappa Meti, Nagaraj Sitaram

Published in Applied Engineering (Volume 1, Issue 2)

Received: 3 March 2017 Accepted: 27 April 2017 Published: 26 June 2017

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Abstract

The branching of pipes is common in fluid distribution system, in penstocks of hydroelectric power plants. Junction introduces extra energy losses due to deviation of flow direction and change in magnitude of velocity and flow rate and separation the flow at the sharp corner. Hydraulic analysis is needed to optimize the head losses occurring pipe junctions. Flow prediction at pipe trifurcation junction due to combining streamlines, curvature, turbulence, anisotropy and recalculating region at high Reynolds number is complex. An attempt is made to study the pressure loss (‘K=ΔP’) for unsymmetrical pipe trifurcation (15°-45°, 30°-15°and 35°-20°) using experimental and numerical techniques. It is found that the turbulence and unequal angle of trifurcation are the main reasons for losses and separation of flow. Combined trifurcation loss coefficient (K) and branch loss coefficients have been correlated between split flow ratios.

Published in	Applied Engineering (Volume 1, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ae.20170102.11
Page(s)	41-47
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Trifurcation, Split Flow Ratio, Optimum Loss Coefficient

References

[1]	Albert Ruprecht, Thomas Helmrich, Ivana Buntic (2003) “Very large eddy simulation for the prediction of unsteady vortex motion” Conference on Modeling Fluid Flow (CMFF’03) The 12th International Conference on FluidFlow Technologies Budapest, Hungary.
[2]	Blaisdell EW and Manson PW (1967) “Energy loss at Pipe Junctions” ASCE Journal of Irrigation and drainage.
[3]	Blevins RD (1984) Applied fluid dynamics Hand book Reprint Krieger Publishing Co. USA.
[4]	Bureau of Indian Standards(2009) Guide lines for design of branching in penstocks for Hydro electric project Doc WRD 14(496) C Indian standard criteria for Hydraulic design of Penstocks IS 11625- 1988.
[5]	Bohuslav Kilkovsky ZdenekJegla, Petrstehlik “Comparison of Different Methods for Pressure Drop Calculation in 90° and 180°Elbow”, Institute of process and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Brano University of Technology Technicka Brano Czech Republic.
[6]	Buntic I. Helmrich T. Ruprecht A. (2005) “Very Large Eddy Simulation for Swirling Flows with Application in Hydraulic Machinery” scientific bulletin of the politehnica University of Timisoara Transactions on Mechanics special issue Timisoara Romania.
[7]	Hoffmann H Roswara RR Egger A (2000) “Rectification of Marsyandi Trifurcation”Hydro version Charlotte.
[8]	Idelchik I.E (1966) Hand book of Hydraulic Resistance Coefficient of local Resistance and FrictionPublished for the US Atomic Energy Commission and National science Washington DC.
[9]	Katz (1967)“Mechanical potential drops at a fluid Branch” Journal of Basic Engineering Trans ASME Vol. 89 PP 732-36.
[10]	LiuW Long Zand Chen Q (2012) Procedure for predicting pressure loss coefficient of duct fitting using CFD (RP 1493) HVAC & R Research 18(6) 1168-1181.
[11]	Malik R K & ParasPaudel (2009) “3D flow modeling of the first trifurcation made in Nepal” (Hydro Nepal Issue).
[12]	Mays LW(1997) Hydraulic Design hand book Editorial McGraw Hills Education Newyark USA.
[13]	Miller DS Internal Flow systems 2^nd Edition published by BHRA Information services.
[14]	Wanng Hua (1967) Head losses resulting from flow through Wyes and Manifolds, University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada.
[15]	Sakakibara, N (2008). Finite element in fracture mechanics Lecture notes, University of Texas, Austin.

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APA Style

Basappa Meti, Nagaraj Sitaram. (2017). Determination of Optimum Pressure Loss Coefficient and Flow Distribution at Unsymmetrical Pipe Trifurcation Using Experimental and Numerical Technique. Applied Engineering, 1(2), 41-47. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ae.20170102.11

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ACS Style

Basappa Meti; Nagaraj Sitaram. Determination of Optimum Pressure Loss Coefficient and Flow Distribution at Unsymmetrical Pipe Trifurcation Using Experimental and Numerical Technique. Appl. Eng. 2017, 1(2), 41-47. doi: 10.11648/j.ae.20170102.11

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AMA Style

Basappa Meti, Nagaraj Sitaram. Determination of Optimum Pressure Loss Coefficient and Flow Distribution at Unsymmetrical Pipe Trifurcation Using Experimental and Numerical Technique. Appl Eng. 2017;1(2):41-47. doi: 10.11648/j.ae.20170102.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ae.20170102.11,
  author = {Basappa Meti and Nagaraj Sitaram},
  title = {Determination of Optimum Pressure Loss Coefficient and Flow Distribution at Unsymmetrical Pipe Trifurcation Using Experimental and Numerical Technique},
  journal = {Applied Engineering},
  volume = {1},
  number = {2},
  pages = {41-47},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ae.20170102.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ae.20170102.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ae.20170102.11},
  abstract = {The branching of pipes is common in fluid distribution system, in penstocks of hydroelectric power plants. Junction introduces extra energy losses due to deviation of flow direction and change in magnitude of velocity and flow rate and separation the flow at the sharp corner. Hydraulic analysis is needed to optimize the head losses occurring pipe junctions. Flow prediction at pipe trifurcation junction due to combining streamlines, curvature, turbulence, anisotropy and recalculating region at high Reynolds number is complex. An attempt is made to study the pressure loss (‘K=ΔP’) for unsymmetrical pipe trifurcation (15°-45°, 30°-15°and 35°-20°) using experimental and numerical techniques. It is found that the turbulence and unequal angle of trifurcation are the main reasons for losses and separation of flow. Combined trifurcation loss coefficient (K) and branch loss coefficients have been correlated between split flow ratios.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Determination of Optimum Pressure Loss Coefficient and Flow Distribution at Unsymmetrical Pipe Trifurcation Using Experimental and Numerical Technique
AU  - Basappa Meti
AU  - Nagaraj Sitaram
Y1  - 2017/06/26
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ae.20170102.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ae.20170102.11
T2  - Applied Engineering
JF  - Applied Engineering
JO  - Applied Engineering
SP  - 41
EP  - 47
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2994-7456
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ae.20170102.11
AB  - The branching of pipes is common in fluid distribution system, in penstocks of hydroelectric power plants. Junction introduces extra energy losses due to deviation of flow direction and change in magnitude of velocity and flow rate and separation the flow at the sharp corner. Hydraulic analysis is needed to optimize the head losses occurring pipe junctions. Flow prediction at pipe trifurcation junction due to combining streamlines, curvature, turbulence, anisotropy and recalculating region at high Reynolds number is complex. An attempt is made to study the pressure loss (‘K=ΔP’) for unsymmetrical pipe trifurcation (15°-45°, 30°-15°and 35°-20°) using experimental and numerical techniques. It is found that the turbulence and unequal angle of trifurcation are the main reasons for losses and separation of flow. Combined trifurcation loss coefficient (K) and branch loss coefficients have been correlated between split flow ratios.
VL  - 1
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Basappa Meti

Civil Engineering Department, Jain University, Bengaluru, India
Nagaraj Sitaram

Civil Engineering Department, School of Engineering and Technology, Global Campus, Jain University, Ramanagara, India

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APA Style

Basappa Meti, Nagaraj Sitaram. (2017). Determination of Optimum Pressure Loss Coefficient and Flow Distribution at Unsymmetrical Pipe Trifurcation Using Experimental and Numerical Technique. Applied Engineering, 1(2), 41-47. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ae.20170102.11

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ACS Style

Basappa Meti; Nagaraj Sitaram. Determination of Optimum Pressure Loss Coefficient and Flow Distribution at Unsymmetrical Pipe Trifurcation Using Experimental and Numerical Technique. Appl. Eng. 2017, 1(2), 41-47. doi: 10.11648/j.ae.20170102.11

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AMA Style

Basappa Meti, Nagaraj Sitaram. Determination of Optimum Pressure Loss Coefficient and Flow Distribution at Unsymmetrical Pipe Trifurcation Using Experimental and Numerical Technique. Appl Eng. 2017;1(2):41-47. doi: 10.11648/j.ae.20170102.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ae.20170102.11,
  author = {Basappa Meti and Nagaraj Sitaram},
  title = {Determination of Optimum Pressure Loss Coefficient and Flow Distribution at Unsymmetrical Pipe Trifurcation Using Experimental and Numerical Technique},
  journal = {Applied Engineering},
  volume = {1},
  number = {2},
  pages = {41-47},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ae.20170102.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ae.20170102.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ae.20170102.11},
  abstract = {The branching of pipes is common in fluid distribution system, in penstocks of hydroelectric power plants. Junction introduces extra energy losses due to deviation of flow direction and change in magnitude of velocity and flow rate and separation the flow at the sharp corner. Hydraulic analysis is needed to optimize the head losses occurring pipe junctions. Flow prediction at pipe trifurcation junction due to combining streamlines, curvature, turbulence, anisotropy and recalculating region at high Reynolds number is complex. An attempt is made to study the pressure loss (‘K=ΔP’) for unsymmetrical pipe trifurcation (15°-45°, 30°-15°and 35°-20°) using experimental and numerical techniques. It is found that the turbulence and unequal angle of trifurcation are the main reasons for losses and separation of flow. Combined trifurcation loss coefficient (K) and branch loss coefficients have been correlated between split flow ratios.},
 year = {2017}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Determination of Optimum Pressure Loss Coefficient and Flow Distribution at Unsymmetrical Pipe Trifurcation Using Experimental and Numerical Technique
AU  - Basappa Meti
AU  - Nagaraj Sitaram
Y1  - 2017/06/26
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ae.20170102.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ae.20170102.11
T2  - Applied Engineering
JF  - Applied Engineering
JO  - Applied Engineering
SP  - 41
EP  - 47
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2994-7456
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ae.20170102.11
AB  - The branching of pipes is common in fluid distribution system, in penstocks of hydroelectric power plants. Junction introduces extra energy losses due to deviation of flow direction and change in magnitude of velocity and flow rate and separation the flow at the sharp corner. Hydraulic analysis is needed to optimize the head losses occurring pipe junctions. Flow prediction at pipe trifurcation junction due to combining streamlines, curvature, turbulence, anisotropy and recalculating region at high Reynolds number is complex. An attempt is made to study the pressure loss (‘K=ΔP’) for unsymmetrical pipe trifurcation (15°-45°, 30°-15°and 35°-20°) using experimental and numerical techniques. It is found that the turbulence and unequal angle of trifurcation are the main reasons for losses and separation of flow. Combined trifurcation loss coefficient (K) and branch loss coefficients have been correlated between split flow ratios.
VL  - 1
IS  - 2
ER  -

Copy | Download