World Journal of Public Health

| Peer-Reviewed |

Urinary Incontinence Amongst Malaysian Women in Selangor: Prevalence, Types and Risk Factors

Received: Feb. 21, 2019    Accepted: Mar. 26, 2019    Published: Apr. 18, 2019
Views:       Downloads:

Share This Article

Abstract

Information on urinary incontinence (UI) amongst Malaysian women remains incomplete and inconclusive. Of the few available studies, none had used the holistic approach to study UI amongst Malaysian women and information on the prevalence and the types of UI experienced by the Malaysian women therefore remains debatable. The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of UI and its types in Malaysian females, determine the demographic characteristics of those with UI and to elucidate the association between potential risk factors and female UI. A validated, standardised Malay Monash Women Health Questionnaire (MMWHQ) was administered to 350 community dwelling, Malaysian women. The response rate was 86% (n=301). The dropout rate for interviews was 30%. Descriptive statistics and multinomial regression were applied. The estimated prevalence of UI (n=52) was 17.3 ± 4.65% (95% Confidence Interval 16.95 - 26.25%). Majority of respondents had reported no UI (82.7%; n=249), while 8.0% of the respondents complained of stress urinary incontinence (SUI), 5% reported urge urinary incontinence (UUI) and 4.3% had mixed urinary incontinence (MUI). Most women with UI were of middle age, of Chinese ethnicity, with secondary education, with an income of

DOI 10.11648/j.wjph.20190401.12
Published in World Journal of Public Health ( Volume 4, Issue 1, March 2019 )
Page(s) 10-19
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Malaysian Female UI, Malay - Version Questionnaire Urinary Incontinence Diagnosis (QUID), Malay Monash Women Health Questionnaire (MMWHQ), Prevalence, UI Types, Risk Factors Model

References
[1] Dhillon HK, MZain AZ, Quek KF, Singh HJ, Kaur G, Nordin RB. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Urinary Incontinence and its Impact on the Quality of Life and Treatment Seeking Behavior among Malaysian Women: A Review. J Women's Health Care. 2016; 5: 337. doi: 10.4172/2167-0420.10003.
[2] Yip SK, Cardozo L. Psychological morbidity and female urinary incontinence. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2007 Apr; 21 (2): 321-9. Available from: DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2006.12.002
[3] Bradley CS, Rovner ES, Morgan MA, Berlin M, Novi J, Shea J, Arya LA. A new questionnaire for urinary incontinence diagnosis in women. Development and testing. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2005 Jan; 192 (1): 66-73. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2004.07.037. Available from: http://www.ajog.org/article/S0002-9378(04)00797-5/abstract
[4] Dhillon HK, MZain AZ, Singh HJ, Kaur G, Nordin RB, Quek KF. A Study Protocol Using the Malay QUID in Selangor, Malaysia J Women's Health Care 2016, 5: 6. DOI: 10.4172/2167-0420.1000338.
[5] Dhillon HK, Md. Zain Anuar Zaini, Quek KF, Singh HJ, Kaur G, Rusli bin Nordin. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses for testing validity and reliability of the Malay Language Questionnaire for Urinary Incontinence Diagnosis (QUID) Open Journal of Prevention Medicine 2014; 4, 844 - 851 Published Online November 2014 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/ojpm
[6] Dhillon HK, Rusli bin Nordin, Ghazali Othman, Nurulhuda Zainol, NorhayatiAbdul Malek, Shameema Banu Ahmed Ibrahim. Malay version Monash Malaysian Women Health Questionnaire version-1. Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences. Monash University Malaysia. 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojpm.2014.411095.
[7] Myers L. Female mixed urinary incontinence: A clinical review JAMA 2014 May; 311 (19): 2007-2014. doi. 10.1001/jama.2014.4299.
[8] Hunskaar S, Burgio K, Diokno A, Herzog, R, Hjalmas, K, & Lapitan, M. Epidemiology and natural history of urinary incontinence in women. Urol. 2003 Oct; 62 (4 Suppl 1): 16-23.
[9] Mohamad Amin Pourhoseingholi, Mohsen Vahedi, Mitra Rahimzadeh. Sample size calculation in medical studies. Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench 2013; 6 (1): 14-17.
[10] WHO 2017 ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code N39.3 Stress incontinence (female). http://www.icd10data.com/ICD10CM/Codes/N00-N99/N30-N39/N39-/N39.3
[11] Low BY, Liong ML, Kah HY, Chong WL, Chee C, Wing SL et al. Study of prevalence, treatment-seeking behaviour, and risk factors of women with lower urinary tract symptoms in Northern Malaysia. Urol. 2006 Oct; 68 (4): 751-758. Available from: doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2006.05.021
[12] Dhillon HK, Singh HJ, Shuib R, Abdul Manaf H, Nik Mohd Zaki Nik Mahmood. Prevalence of menopausal symptoms among women in Kelantan. Malaysia. Maturitas 2006 Jun; 54 (3): 213-221. DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2005.11.001. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16326052
[13] Samiah Yasmin AK, Karim Al-Jashamy, Rohaini Mohamed, Pathak R, Vinothini A, Aye Aye Mon. Prevalence of urinary incontinence and associated risk factors among married women. Indian Journal of Applied Science 2013; 3 (7): 491-495.
[14] Ahmad SM, Aznal SS, and Tham SW. Prevalence of an overactive bladder syndrome (OABS) among women with gynaecological problems and its risks in a tertiary hospital, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia: Implications for a primary health care provider. Malays Fam Physician 2015; 10 (2): 2-8. PMC4826576.
[15] Lasserre A, Pelat C, Gueroult V, Hanslik T, Chartier-Kastler E, et. al. Urinary incontinence in French women.: prevalence, risk factors and impact on quality of life. Eur. Uro. 2009; 56: 177-183.
[16] Kocak I, Okyay P, Dundar M, Erol H, Beser E. Female urinary incontinence in the West of Turkey: Prevalence, risk factors and impact on quality of life. Eur. Uro. 2005; 48: 634-641.
[17] Gibson W, Wagg A. New horizons: urinary incontinence in older people. Age and Ageing 2014; 43: 157–163. doi: 10.1093/ageing/aft214.
[18] Townsend M, Danforth K, Rosner B, Burhan G, Resnick N, Grodstein F. Body mass index, weight gain and incident urinary incontinence in middle-aged women. Obstet & Gynecol 2007 Aug; 110 (2 Pt1): 346-353. DOI: 10.1097/01.AOG.0000270121.15510.57. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17666610
[19] Milsom I, Ekelund P, Molander U, Arvidsson L, Areskong B. The influence of age, parity, oral contraception, hysterectomy and menopause on the prevalence of urinary incontinence in women. J Urol. 1993 Jun; 149 (6): 1459-1462. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8501788
[20] Mishra GD, Cardoza L, Kuh D. Menopausal transition and the risk of urinary incontinence: results from a British cohort. BJUI 2010; 106: 1170-1175. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2010. 09321.x.
[21] Botlero R, Davies S, Urquhart D, Shortreed S, Bell R. Age-specific prevalence, different types of urinary incontinence, in community-dwelling Australian women assessed with a validated questionnaire. Menopause. 2010 Mar; 17 (2): 332-337. DOI: 10.12968/bjon.2010.19.12.48651.
[22] Hunskaar S A systematic review of overweight and obesity as risk factors and targets for clinical intervention for urinary incontinence in women. Neurourol and Urodyn 2008; 27: 749-757. Doi: 10.1002/nau.20635 Available from: http://www.gnmhealthcare.com/pdf/102008/29/1666564_Asystematicreviewofoverwe.pdf
[23] Sengupta N, Hillard T. Urogynecological risk assessment in postmenopausal women. Expert Rev. Obstet. Gynecol. 2013; 8 (6), 625-637. DOI://10.1586/17474108.2013.851847.
[24] Bharucha AE, Dunivan G, Goode P, Lukacz ES, Markland AD, Mathews C, et al. Epidemiology, pathophysiology, and classification of fecal incontinence: State of the science summary for the national institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) workshop. Am J Gastroenterol 2015; 110: 127-136. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2014.396.
[25] Sun S, Liu D, Jiao Z. Coffee and caffeine intake and risk of urinary incontinence: a meta-analysis of observational studies. BMC Urol. 2016; 16: 61. Doi 10.1186/s12894-016-0178-y.
[26] Baek JM, Song JY, Lee SJ, Park EK, Jeung IC, Kim CJ, Lee YS. Caffeine Intake Is Associated with Urinary Incontinence in Korean Postmenopausal Women: Results from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. PLoS ONE 2016; 11 (2): e0149311. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0149311. m. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2003 Sep; 82 (3): 327-338. doi: 10.1016/S0020-7292Ž03.00220-0.
[27] Juru YH, Townsend MK, Curhan GC, Resnick NM, Grodstein F. Caffeine intake and risk of stress, urgency, and mixed urinary incontinence. J Urol. 2011 May; 185 (5): 1775–1780. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2011.01.003.
[28] Gleason JL, Richter HE, Redden DT, Goode PS, Burgio KL, Markland AD. Caffeine and urinary incontinence in US women. Int Urogynecol J. 2013 Feb; 24 (2): 295–302. doi: 10.1007/s00192-012-1829-5.
[29] Botlero, R. Robin, B., Urquhart, D. M. & Davis, S. R., Urinary incontinence is associated with lower psychological general well-being in community-dwelling women. Menopause. 2010 Mar; 17 (2): 332-337. DOI: 10.12968/bjon.2010.19.12.48651.
[30] Avery J, Stocks N. Urinary incontinence, depression and psychosocial factors: a review of population studies. Euro Med J. 2016 Jan; 1 (1): 58-67. Available from: http://emjreviews.com/wp-content/uploads/Urinary-Incontinence-Depression-and-Psychosocial-Factors-A-Review-of-Population-Studies.pdf
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Hardip Kaur Dhillon, Quek Kia Fatt, Harbindar Jeet Singh, Gurpreet Kaur, Anuar Zaini Md Zain, et al. (2019). Urinary Incontinence Amongst Malaysian Women in Selangor: Prevalence, Types and Risk Factors. World Journal of Public Health, 4(1), 10-19. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjph.20190401.12

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Hardip Kaur Dhillon; Quek Kia Fatt; Harbindar Jeet Singh; Gurpreet Kaur; Anuar Zaini Md Zain, et al. Urinary Incontinence Amongst Malaysian Women in Selangor: Prevalence, Types and Risk Factors. World J. Public Health 2019, 4(1), 10-19. doi: 10.11648/j.wjph.20190401.12

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Hardip Kaur Dhillon, Quek Kia Fatt, Harbindar Jeet Singh, Gurpreet Kaur, Anuar Zaini Md Zain, et al. Urinary Incontinence Amongst Malaysian Women in Selangor: Prevalence, Types and Risk Factors. World J Public Health. 2019;4(1):10-19. doi: 10.11648/j.wjph.20190401.12

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.wjph.20190401.12,
      author = {Hardip Kaur Dhillon and Quek Kia Fatt and Harbindar Jeet Singh and Gurpreet Kaur and Anuar Zaini Md Zain and Rusli Bin Nordin},
      title = {Urinary Incontinence Amongst Malaysian Women in Selangor: Prevalence, Types and Risk Factors},
      journal = {World Journal of Public Health},
      volume = {4},
      number = {1},
      pages = {10-19},
      doi = {10.11648/j.wjph.20190401.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjph.20190401.12},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wjph.20190401.12},
      abstract = {Information on urinary incontinence (UI) amongst Malaysian women remains incomplete and inconclusive. Of the few available studies, none had used the holistic approach to study UI amongst Malaysian women and information on the prevalence and the types of UI experienced by the Malaysian women therefore remains debatable. The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of UI and its types in Malaysian females, determine the demographic characteristics of those with UI and to elucidate the association between potential risk factors and female UI. A validated, standardised Malay Monash Women Health Questionnaire (MMWHQ) was administered to 350 community dwelling, Malaysian women. The response rate was 86% (n=301). The dropout rate for interviews was 30%. Descriptive statistics and multinomial regression were applied. The estimated prevalence of UI (n=52) was 17.3 ± 4.65% (95% Confidence Interval 16.95 - 26.25%). Majority of respondents had reported no UI (82.7%; n=249), while 8.0% of the respondents complained of stress urinary incontinence (SUI), 5% reported urge urinary incontinence (UUI) and 4.3% had mixed urinary incontinence (MUI). Most women with UI were of middle age, of Chinese ethnicity, with secondary education, with an income of 
    											

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Urinary Incontinence Amongst Malaysian Women in Selangor: Prevalence, Types and Risk Factors
    AU  - Hardip Kaur Dhillon
    AU  - Quek Kia Fatt
    AU  - Harbindar Jeet Singh
    AU  - Gurpreet Kaur
    AU  - Anuar Zaini Md Zain
    AU  - Rusli Bin Nordin
    Y1  - 2019/04/18
    PY  - 2019
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjph.20190401.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.wjph.20190401.12
    T2  - World Journal of Public Health
    JF  - World Journal of Public Health
    JO  - World Journal of Public Health
    SP  - 10
    EP  - 19
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2637-6059
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjph.20190401.12
    AB  - Information on urinary incontinence (UI) amongst Malaysian women remains incomplete and inconclusive. Of the few available studies, none had used the holistic approach to study UI amongst Malaysian women and information on the prevalence and the types of UI experienced by the Malaysian women therefore remains debatable. The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of UI and its types in Malaysian females, determine the demographic characteristics of those with UI and to elucidate the association between potential risk factors and female UI. A validated, standardised Malay Monash Women Health Questionnaire (MMWHQ) was administered to 350 community dwelling, Malaysian women. The response rate was 86% (n=301). The dropout rate for interviews was 30%. Descriptive statistics and multinomial regression were applied. The estimated prevalence of UI (n=52) was 17.3 ± 4.65% (95% Confidence Interval 16.95 - 26.25%). Majority of respondents had reported no UI (82.7%; n=249), while 8.0% of the respondents complained of stress urinary incontinence (SUI), 5% reported urge urinary incontinence (UUI) and 4.3% had mixed urinary incontinence (MUI). Most women with UI were of middle age, of Chinese ethnicity, with secondary education, with an income of 
    											

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia

  • Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia

  • Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia; I-PerFORM, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia

  • Selangor State Health Department, Wisma Sunway, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

  • Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia

  • Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor University, Lakeside Campus, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia

  • Section