International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy

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Co-Infection Prevalence of Herpes Simplex Virus Types 1 and 2 with Human Papillomavirus and Associated Risk Factors among Asymptomatic Women in Ghana

Received: Aug. 30, 2018    Accepted: Sep. 21, 2018    Published: Oct. 23, 2018
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Abstract

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) are among the most common human viral infections worldwide and associated with increased risk for other sexually transmitted infections, such as HPV. Unfortunately, there is a dearth of population data on the joint epidemiology of HPV-HSV infections in Ghana. In order to determine the prevalence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 co-infection with HPV and associated risk factors, 317 asymptomatic women attending the Cervicare Centers in Ghana were invited to participate in cross-sectional study. Serum HSV-1 and HSV-2 IgG were determined by ELISA method. Genomic DNA from cervical swabs was extracted using QIAamp Mini kit. HPV-DNA detection was carried out by nested multiplex PCR as was described by Sotlar et al., (2004). The mean age of study participants was 40.7 years (SD ± 11.2). Our result showed the prevalence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 infection among HPV positive women as 98.6% and 80.4% respectively. Among unscreened women participating in the study the co-infection of HSV-1/HPV and HSV-2/HPV was 42.9% and 35.0%, respectively. Age of coitache was associated with sero-prevalence of HSV-1 (p=0.010), HPV infection (p=0.016), and with co-infection HPV and HSV-1 (p=0.025), HPV and HSV-2 (p=0.011) and weakly with single HSV-2 infection (p=0.054). In conclusion, the high prevalence of co-infection was due to the endemicity and inadequate intervention in the study population. A woman’s age of sexual debut was a strong risk factor for co-infection of HPV and HSV-1 or HSV-2. The outcome of this novel observation stresses the urgent need to develop appropriate interventional strategies to manage and cancel patients presenting with asymptomatic genital herpes.

DOI 10.11648/j.ijidt.20180303.11
Published in International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy ( Volume 3, Issue 3, September 2018 )
Page(s) 45-51
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Co-infection, Ghana, Herpes Simplex Virus, Human Papilloma Virus

References
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Cite This Article
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    Agyemang-Yeboah Francis, Debrah Oksana, Donkoh Emmanuel Timmy, Asmah Harry Richard, Seini Mustapha Mohammed. (2018). Co-Infection Prevalence of Herpes Simplex Virus Types 1 and 2 with Human Papillomavirus and Associated Risk Factors among Asymptomatic Women in Ghana. International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy, 3(3), 45-51. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20180303.11

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    ACS Style

    Agyemang-Yeboah Francis; Debrah Oksana; Donkoh Emmanuel Timmy; Asmah Harry Richard; Seini Mustapha Mohammed. Co-Infection Prevalence of Herpes Simplex Virus Types 1 and 2 with Human Papillomavirus and Associated Risk Factors among Asymptomatic Women in Ghana. Int. J. Infect. Dis. Ther. 2018, 3(3), 45-51. doi: 10.11648/j.ijidt.20180303.11

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    AMA Style

    Agyemang-Yeboah Francis, Debrah Oksana, Donkoh Emmanuel Timmy, Asmah Harry Richard, Seini Mustapha Mohammed. Co-Infection Prevalence of Herpes Simplex Virus Types 1 and 2 with Human Papillomavirus and Associated Risk Factors among Asymptomatic Women in Ghana. Int J Infect Dis Ther. 2018;3(3):45-51. doi: 10.11648/j.ijidt.20180303.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijidt.20180303.11,
      author = {Agyemang-Yeboah Francis and Debrah Oksana and Donkoh Emmanuel Timmy and Asmah Harry Richard and Seini Mustapha Mohammed},
      title = {Co-Infection Prevalence of Herpes Simplex Virus Types 1 and 2 with Human Papillomavirus and Associated Risk Factors among Asymptomatic Women in Ghana},
      journal = {International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy},
      volume = {3},
      number = {3},
      pages = {45-51},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijidt.20180303.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20180303.11},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijidt.20180303.11},
      abstract = {Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) are among the most common human viral infections worldwide and associated with increased risk for other sexually transmitted infections, such as HPV. Unfortunately, there is a dearth of population data on the joint epidemiology of HPV-HSV infections in Ghana. In order to determine the prevalence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 co-infection with HPV and associated risk factors, 317 asymptomatic women attending the Cervicare Centers in Ghana were invited to participate in cross-sectional study. Serum HSV-1 and HSV-2 IgG were determined by ELISA method. Genomic DNA from cervical swabs was extracted using QIAamp Mini kit. HPV-DNA detection was carried out by nested multiplex PCR as was described by Sotlar et al., (2004). The mean age of study participants was 40.7 years (SD ± 11.2). Our result showed the prevalence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 infection among HPV positive women as 98.6% and 80.4% respectively. Among unscreened women participating in the study the co-infection of HSV-1/HPV and HSV-2/HPV was 42.9% and 35.0%, respectively. Age of coitache was associated with sero-prevalence of HSV-1 (p=0.010), HPV infection (p=0.016), and with co-infection HPV and HSV-1 (p=0.025), HPV and HSV-2 (p=0.011) and weakly with single HSV-2 infection (p=0.054). In conclusion, the high prevalence of co-infection was due to the endemicity and inadequate intervention in the study population. A woman’s age of sexual debut was a strong risk factor for co-infection of HPV and HSV-1 or HSV-2. The outcome of this novel observation stresses the urgent need to develop appropriate interventional strategies to manage and cancel patients presenting with asymptomatic genital herpes.},
     year = {2018}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Co-Infection Prevalence of Herpes Simplex Virus Types 1 and 2 with Human Papillomavirus and Associated Risk Factors among Asymptomatic Women in Ghana
    AU  - Agyemang-Yeboah Francis
    AU  - Debrah Oksana
    AU  - Donkoh Emmanuel Timmy
    AU  - Asmah Harry Richard
    AU  - Seini Mustapha Mohammed
    Y1  - 2018/10/23
    PY  - 2018
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20180303.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijidt.20180303.11
    T2  - International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy
    JF  - International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy
    JO  - International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy
    SP  - 45
    EP  - 51
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2578-966X
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20180303.11
    AB  - Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) are among the most common human viral infections worldwide and associated with increased risk for other sexually transmitted infections, such as HPV. Unfortunately, there is a dearth of population data on the joint epidemiology of HPV-HSV infections in Ghana. In order to determine the prevalence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 co-infection with HPV and associated risk factors, 317 asymptomatic women attending the Cervicare Centers in Ghana were invited to participate in cross-sectional study. Serum HSV-1 and HSV-2 IgG were determined by ELISA method. Genomic DNA from cervical swabs was extracted using QIAamp Mini kit. HPV-DNA detection was carried out by nested multiplex PCR as was described by Sotlar et al., (2004). The mean age of study participants was 40.7 years (SD ± 11.2). Our result showed the prevalence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 infection among HPV positive women as 98.6% and 80.4% respectively. Among unscreened women participating in the study the co-infection of HSV-1/HPV and HSV-2/HPV was 42.9% and 35.0%, respectively. Age of coitache was associated with sero-prevalence of HSV-1 (p=0.010), HPV infection (p=0.016), and with co-infection HPV and HSV-1 (p=0.025), HPV and HSV-2 (p=0.011) and weakly with single HSV-2 infection (p=0.054). In conclusion, the high prevalence of co-infection was due to the endemicity and inadequate intervention in the study population. A woman’s age of sexual debut was a strong risk factor for co-infection of HPV and HSV-1 or HSV-2. The outcome of this novel observation stresses the urgent need to develop appropriate interventional strategies to manage and cancel patients presenting with asymptomatic genital herpes.
    VL  - 3
    IS  - 3
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Molecular Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana

  • Department of Molecular Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Clinical Laboratory Unit, Institutional Care Division, Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana

  • Department of Molecular Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani, Ghana

  • College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana

  • Department of Molecular Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Laboratory Department, Greater Accra Regional Hospital, Accra, Ghana

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