American Journal of Internal Medicine

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Evaluation of Topical Dispenser Systems for Vaginal Delivery of Feminine Medications

Received: May 17, 2019    Accepted: Jun. 25, 2019    Published: Aug. 05, 2019
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Abstract

The vaginal route of administration has a large surface area with a rich blood supply demonstrating capacity for local absorption and systemic bioavailability of drugs. However, there are problems associated with current vaginal delivery method in terms of dosing precision and accuracy. In this report, the potential utility of the metered-dose Topi-CLICK® Perl system for vaginal delivery of feminine medication is presented. The aim was to evaluate the efficiency of Topi-CLICK® Perl for dosing accuracy, precision, and residual waste of medicaments relative to currently available dispensing systems. The results showed Topi-CLICK® Perl system to have the highest accuracy for a dose being correctly delivered more than 88% of the time. Whereas other commonly used dispenser systems, such as plastic or metal (aluminum) ointment tubes with smooth or ribbed applicators, exhibited not more than 10% of doses being within acceptable limits for accuracy. Medication waste was significantly minimized using Topi-CLICK® Perl, which has an estimated overfill volume less than 6%. This required overfill volume ranged from 39% to 88% respectively, for the plastic and metal ointment tubes. Qualitatively, operators of Topi-CLICK® Perl found the metered-dose system the easiest to use with little mess. Based on these results, Topi-CLICK® Perl outperformed other traditional dispensing systems for vaginal drug delivery in accuracy and precision, with the least amount of residual medication waste.

DOI 10.11648/j.ajim.20190704.13
Published in American Journal of Internal Medicine ( Volume 7, Issue 4, July 2019 )
Page(s) 93-101
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Topical Dispenser, Vaginal Drug Delivery, Feminine Product, Metered-dosing Device, Vaginal Applicator, Topi-CLICK® Perl, Ointment Tube

References
[1] Vermani K, Garg S. The Scope and Potential of Vaginal Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutical Science & Technology Today. 2000; 3 (10): 359-364.
[2] Mazloomdoost D, Westermann LB, Mutema G, et al. Histologic Anatomy of the Anterior Vagina and Urethra. Female Pelvic Medicine & Reconstructive Surgery. 2017; 23 (5): 329-335.
[3] Srikrishna S, Cardozo L. The Vagina as a Route for Drug Delivery: A Review. Int Urogynecol J. 2013 Apr; 24 (4): 537-43.
[4] Sahoo CK, Nayak PK, Sarangi DK, Sahoo TK. Intra Vaginal Drug Delivery System: An Overview. American Journal of Advanced Drug Delivery. 2013; 1: 43-55.
[5] Gupta S, Prabha V. Intravaginal Delivery Approaches for Contraception: An Overview with Emphasis on Gels. J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2017; 20 (0): 270-284.
[6] Fraser IS, Mansour D. Delivery Systems for Hormone Replacement Therapy. Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2006 Mar; 3 (2): 191-204.
[7] McConville C. The Therapeutic Potential of Vaginal Drug Delivery in the Treatment of Cervical Cancer. Ther Deliv. 2015 Jul; 6 (7): 888.
[8] Sawant B, Khan T. Recent Advances in Delivery of Antifungal Agents for Therapeutic Management of Candidiasis. Biomed Pharmacother. 2017 Dec; 96: 1478-1490.
[9] Nel A, Niekerk N, Kapiga S, et al. Safety and Efficacy of a Dapivirine Vaginal Ring for HIV Prevention in Women. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2016; 375 (22): 21332143.
[10] Brown MT, Bussell JK. Medication Adherence: Who Cares? Mayo Clin Proc. 2011 April; 86 (11): 304-314.
[11] Zullig LL, Bosworth H. Engaging patients to Optimize Medications Adherence. May 14, 2017. https://catalyst.nejm.org/optimize-patients-medication-adherence/.
[12] Kim J, Combs K, Downs J. Tillman III F. Medication Adherence: The Elephant in the Room. Jan 19, 2018. https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/medication-adherence-the-elephant-in-the-room.
[13] Estradiol (topical) monograph. Lexi-Comp Online, Lexi-Drugs Online, Hudson, Ohio: Lexi-Comp Inc., 2004, October 16, 2018.
[14] Anand S, Mane D. Collapsible Tube for Pharmaceutical Use. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Sciences. 2014; 3 (2): 291-398.
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  • APA Style

    Chanelle Toerien-Hayes, Quy Nguyen, Joy Woods, Qiang Liu, Thomas Kupiec, et al. (2019). Evaluation of Topical Dispenser Systems for Vaginal Delivery of Feminine Medications. American Journal of Internal Medicine, 7(4), 93-101. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajim.20190704.13

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    ACS Style

    Chanelle Toerien-Hayes; Quy Nguyen; Joy Woods; Qiang Liu; Thomas Kupiec, et al. Evaluation of Topical Dispenser Systems for Vaginal Delivery of Feminine Medications. Am. J. Intern. Med. 2019, 7(4), 93-101. doi: 10.11648/j.ajim.20190704.13

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    AMA Style

    Chanelle Toerien-Hayes, Quy Nguyen, Joy Woods, Qiang Liu, Thomas Kupiec, et al. Evaluation of Topical Dispenser Systems for Vaginal Delivery of Feminine Medications. Am J Intern Med. 2019;7(4):93-101. doi: 10.11648/j.ajim.20190704.13

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajim.20190704.13,
      author = {Chanelle Toerien-Hayes and Quy Nguyen and Joy Woods and Qiang Liu and Thomas Kupiec and Nicole Vu},
      title = {Evaluation of Topical Dispenser Systems for Vaginal Delivery of Feminine Medications},
      journal = {American Journal of Internal Medicine},
      volume = {7},
      number = {4},
      pages = {93-101},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajim.20190704.13},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajim.20190704.13},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajim.20190704.13},
      abstract = {The vaginal route of administration has a large surface area with a rich blood supply demonstrating capacity for local absorption and systemic bioavailability of drugs. However, there are problems associated with current vaginal delivery method in terms of dosing precision and accuracy. In this report, the potential utility of the metered-dose Topi-CLICK® Perl™ system for vaginal delivery of feminine medication is presented. The aim was to evaluate the efficiency of Topi-CLICK® Perl™ for dosing accuracy, precision, and residual waste of medicaments relative to currently available dispensing systems. The results showed Topi-CLICK® Perl™ system to have the highest accuracy for a dose being correctly delivered more than 88% of the time. Whereas other commonly used dispenser systems, such as plastic or metal (aluminum) ointment tubes with smooth or ribbed applicators, exhibited not more than 10% of doses being within acceptable limits for accuracy. Medication waste was significantly minimized using Topi-CLICK® Perl™, which has an estimated overfill volume less than 6%. This required overfill volume ranged from 39% to 88% respectively, for the plastic and metal ointment tubes. Qualitatively, operators of Topi-CLICK® Perl™ found the metered-dose system the easiest to use with little mess. Based on these results, Topi-CLICK® Perl™ outperformed other traditional dispensing systems for vaginal drug delivery in accuracy and precision, with the least amount of residual medication waste.},
     year = {2019}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Evaluation of Topical Dispenser Systems for Vaginal Delivery of Feminine Medications
    AU  - Chanelle Toerien-Hayes
    AU  - Quy Nguyen
    AU  - Joy Woods
    AU  - Qiang Liu
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    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajim.20190704.13
    T2  - American Journal of Internal Medicine
    JF  - American Journal of Internal Medicine
    JO  - American Journal of Internal Medicine
    SP  - 93
    EP  - 101
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-4324
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajim.20190704.13
    AB  - The vaginal route of administration has a large surface area with a rich blood supply demonstrating capacity for local absorption and systemic bioavailability of drugs. However, there are problems associated with current vaginal delivery method in terms of dosing precision and accuracy. In this report, the potential utility of the metered-dose Topi-CLICK® Perl™ system for vaginal delivery of feminine medication is presented. The aim was to evaluate the efficiency of Topi-CLICK® Perl™ for dosing accuracy, precision, and residual waste of medicaments relative to currently available dispensing systems. The results showed Topi-CLICK® Perl™ system to have the highest accuracy for a dose being correctly delivered more than 88% of the time. Whereas other commonly used dispenser systems, such as plastic or metal (aluminum) ointment tubes with smooth or ribbed applicators, exhibited not more than 10% of doses being within acceptable limits for accuracy. Medication waste was significantly minimized using Topi-CLICK® Perl™, which has an estimated overfill volume less than 6%. This required overfill volume ranged from 39% to 88% respectively, for the plastic and metal ointment tubes. Qualitatively, operators of Topi-CLICK® Perl™ found the metered-dose system the easiest to use with little mess. Based on these results, Topi-CLICK® Perl™ outperformed other traditional dispensing systems for vaginal drug delivery in accuracy and precision, with the least amount of residual medication waste.
    VL  - 7
    IS  - 4
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Analytical Research Laboratories (ARL) Bio Pharma, Oklahoma City, USA

  • University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center College of Pharmacy, Oklahoma City, USA

  • University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center College of Pharmacy, Oklahoma City, USA

  • Analytical Research Laboratories (ARL) Bio Pharma, Oklahoma City, USA

  • Analytical Research Laboratories (ARL) Bio Pharma, Oklahoma City, USA

  • Analytical Research Laboratories (ARL) Bio Pharma, Oklahoma City, USA

  • Section