Spectroscopic Analysis of Selected Priority Trace Metals in the Extant East African Gilled Lungfish (<i>Protopterus amphibius</i>) in Lira Municipal Lagoon and Its Edibility Health Risk

Timothy Omara; Remish Ogwang; Sarah Ndyamuhaki; Sarah Kagoya; Erisa Kigenyi; Bashir Musau; Eddie Adupa

doi:doi:10.11648/j.sjac.20180605.11

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Spectroscopic Analysis of Selected Priority Trace Metals in the Extant East African Gilled Lungfish (Protopterus amphibius) in Lira Municipal Lagoon and Its Edibility Health Risk

Timothy Omara, Remish Ogwang, Sarah Ndyamuhaki, Sarah Kagoya, Erisa Kigenyi, Bashir Musau, Eddie Adupa

Received: 7 November 2018 Accepted: 21 November 2018 Published: 24 December 2018

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Abstract

This investigation analyzed the concentrations of three trace metals in gilled lungfish of Lira Municipal lagoon of Lira District and estimated the health risk associated with its consumption. Three fresh lungfish samples from the down, middle and up sluices of the lagoon were caught, eviscerated, washed and sundried. Edible muscles of the samples were oven dried at 105°C, desiccated and pulverized. 2.0 ± 0.1g of the fine fish powders were ashed at 550°C, acid digested, and the filtrates used to prepare 1 litre sample solutions. The sample solutions were analyzed for Lead, Zinc and Cadmium by Atomic absorption spectrometry. Spectroscopic results showed that no Cadmium was detected while the statistical mean concentrations of Zinc and Lead in the fishes from down, middle and up streams in mg/kg were 157.8 ± 0.01, 160.2 ± 0.02, 158.2 ± 0.01 and 6.84 ± 0.01, 1.69 ± 0.03, 5.12 ± 0.01 respectively. The above results showed that the trace metals in the investigated fish samples are deleteriously above the maximum permissible Zinc (0.7mg/kg) and Lead (0.3mg/kg) levels in fish indicated by CODEX STAN 193-1995. The statistical Estimated Daily Intakes were from 26.27 to 26.66 mg/kg/day for Zinc and 0.28 to 1.48 mg/kg/day for Lead. A heightened Health Risk Index value of 88.67 for Zinc was observed in the middle stream lungfish samples while Lead had the lowest Health Risk Index value of 2.00 in the middle stream fish from the lagoon. All the Health Risk Index values were greater than unity except for Chromium that was undetected in the fish muscles thus the lungfish of the lagoon is unsafe for human consumption and continuous consumption will impact human health. The immediate strategy lies in fencing the lagoon area and putting a stringent restriction against fishing from the lagoon.

DOI	10.11648/j.sjac.20180605.11
Published in	Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry (Volume 6, Issue 5, September 2018)
Page(s)	38-45
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Cadmium, Estimated Daily Intake, Lead, Health Risk Index, Target Hazard Quotient, Zinc

References

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Timothy Omara, Remish Ogwang, Sarah Ndyamuhaki, Sarah Kagoya, Erisa Kigenyi, et al. (2018). Spectroscopic Analysis of Selected Priority Trace Metals in the Extant East African Gilled Lungfish (Protopterus amphibius) in Lira Municipal Lagoon and Its Edibility Health Risk. Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 6(5), 38-45. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20180605.11

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Timothy Omara; Remish Ogwang; Sarah Ndyamuhaki; Sarah Kagoya; Erisa Kigenyi, et al. Spectroscopic Analysis of Selected Priority Trace Metals in the Extant East African Gilled Lungfish (Protopterus amphibius) in Lira Municipal Lagoon and Its Edibility Health Risk. Sci. J. Anal. Chem. 2018, 6(5), 38-45. doi: 10.11648/j.sjac.20180605.11

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AMA Style

Timothy Omara, Remish Ogwang, Sarah Ndyamuhaki, Sarah Kagoya, Erisa Kigenyi, et al. Spectroscopic Analysis of Selected Priority Trace Metals in the Extant East African Gilled Lungfish (Protopterus amphibius) in Lira Municipal Lagoon and Its Edibility Health Risk. Sci J Anal Chem. 2018;6(5):38-45. doi: 10.11648/j.sjac.20180605.11

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@article{10.11648/j.sjac.20180605.11,
  author = {Timothy Omara and Remish Ogwang and Sarah Ndyamuhaki and Sarah Kagoya and Erisa Kigenyi and Bashir Musau and Eddie Adupa},
  title = {Spectroscopic Analysis of Selected Priority Trace Metals in the Extant East African Gilled Lungfish (Protopterus amphibius) in Lira Municipal Lagoon and Its Edibility Health Risk},
  journal = {Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry},
  volume = {6},
  number = {5},
  pages = {38-45},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjac.20180605.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20180605.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjac.20180605.11},
  abstract = {This investigation analyzed the concentrations of three trace metals in gilled lungfish of Lira Municipal lagoon of Lira District and estimated the health risk associated with its consumption. Three fresh lungfish samples from the down, middle and up sluices of the lagoon were caught, eviscerated, washed and sundried. Edible muscles of the samples were oven dried at 105°C, desiccated and pulverized. 2.0 ± 0.1g of the fine fish powders were ashed at 550°C, acid digested, and the filtrates used to prepare 1 litre sample solutions. The sample solutions were analyzed for Lead, Zinc and Cadmium by Atomic absorption spectrometry. Spectroscopic results showed that no Cadmium was detected while the statistical mean concentrations of Zinc and Lead in the fishes from down, middle and up streams in mg/kg were 157.8 ± 0.01, 160.2 ± 0.02, 158.2 ± 0.01 and 6.84 ± 0.01, 1.69 ± 0.03, 5.12 ± 0.01 respectively. The above results showed that the trace metals in the investigated fish samples are deleteriously above the maximum permissible Zinc (0.7mg/kg) and Lead (0.3mg/kg) levels in fish indicated by CODEX STAN 193-1995. The statistical Estimated Daily Intakes were from 26.27 to 26.66 mg/kg/day for Zinc and 0.28 to 1.48 mg/kg/day for Lead. A heightened Health Risk Index value of 88.67 for Zinc was observed in the middle stream lungfish samples while Lead had the lowest Health Risk Index value of 2.00 in the middle stream fish from the lagoon. All the Health Risk Index values were greater than unity except for Chromium that was undetected in the fish muscles thus the lungfish of the lagoon is unsafe for human consumption and continuous consumption will impact human health. The immediate strategy lies in fencing the lagoon area and putting a stringent restriction against fishing from the lagoon.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Spectroscopic Analysis of Selected Priority Trace Metals in the Extant East African Gilled Lungfish (Protopterus amphibius) in Lira Municipal Lagoon and Its Edibility Health Risk
AU  - Timothy Omara
AU  - Remish Ogwang
AU  - Sarah Ndyamuhaki
AU  - Sarah Kagoya
AU  - Erisa Kigenyi
AU  - Bashir Musau
AU  - Eddie Adupa
Y1  - 2018/12/24
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20180605.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.sjac.20180605.11
T2  - Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
JF  - Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
JO  - Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
SP  - 38
EP  - 45
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-8053
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20180605.11
AB  - This investigation analyzed the concentrations of three trace metals in gilled lungfish of Lira Municipal lagoon of Lira District and estimated the health risk associated with its consumption. Three fresh lungfish samples from the down, middle and up sluices of the lagoon were caught, eviscerated, washed and sundried. Edible muscles of the samples were oven dried at 105°C, desiccated and pulverized. 2.0 ± 0.1g of the fine fish powders were ashed at 550°C, acid digested, and the filtrates used to prepare 1 litre sample solutions. The sample solutions were analyzed for Lead, Zinc and Cadmium by Atomic absorption spectrometry. Spectroscopic results showed that no Cadmium was detected while the statistical mean concentrations of Zinc and Lead in the fishes from down, middle and up streams in mg/kg were 157.8 ± 0.01, 160.2 ± 0.02, 158.2 ± 0.01 and 6.84 ± 0.01, 1.69 ± 0.03, 5.12 ± 0.01 respectively. The above results showed that the trace metals in the investigated fish samples are deleteriously above the maximum permissible Zinc (0.7mg/kg) and Lead (0.3mg/kg) levels in fish indicated by CODEX STAN 193-1995. The statistical Estimated Daily Intakes were from 26.27 to 26.66 mg/kg/day for Zinc and 0.28 to 1.48 mg/kg/day for Lead. A heightened Health Risk Index value of 88.67 for Zinc was observed in the middle stream lungfish samples while Lead had the lowest Health Risk Index value of 2.00 in the middle stream fish from the lagoon. All the Health Risk Index values were greater than unity except for Chromium that was undetected in the fish muscles thus the lungfish of the lagoon is unsafe for human consumption and continuous consumption will impact human health. The immediate strategy lies in fencing the lagoon area and putting a stringent restriction against fishing from the lagoon.
VL  - 6
IS  - 5
ER  -

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Author Information

Timothy Omara

Department of Health Sciences, Unicaf University, Lusaka, Zambia; Department of Quality Control, Quality Assurance and Product Development, Agro Ways Uganda Limited, Jinja, Uganda; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyambogo University, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Quality Control and Quality Assurance, Leading Distillers Uganda Limited, Kampala, Uganda
Remish Ogwang

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyambogo University, Kampala, Uganda
Sarah Ndyamuhaki

Department of Quality Control, Quality Assurance and Product Development, Agro Ways Uganda Limited, Jinja, Uganda
Sarah Kagoya

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyambogo University, Kampala, Uganda
Erisa Kigenyi

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyambogo University, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Quality Control and Quality Assurance, Leading Distillers Uganda Limited, Kampala, Uganda
Bashir Musau

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyambogo University, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Quality Control and Quality Assurance, Leading Distillers Uganda Limited, Kampala, Uganda
Eddie Adupa

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyambogo University, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Quality Control and Quality Assurance, Abacus Parenteral Drugs Limited, Mukono, Uganda

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Timothy Omara, Remish Ogwang, Sarah Ndyamuhaki, Sarah Kagoya, Erisa Kigenyi, et al. (2018). Spectroscopic Analysis of Selected Priority Trace Metals in the Extant East African Gilled Lungfish (Protopterus amphibius) in Lira Municipal Lagoon and Its Edibility Health Risk. Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 6(5), 38-45. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20180605.11

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ACS Style

Timothy Omara; Remish Ogwang; Sarah Ndyamuhaki; Sarah Kagoya; Erisa Kigenyi, et al. Spectroscopic Analysis of Selected Priority Trace Metals in the Extant East African Gilled Lungfish (Protopterus amphibius) in Lira Municipal Lagoon and Its Edibility Health Risk. Sci. J. Anal. Chem. 2018, 6(5), 38-45. doi: 10.11648/j.sjac.20180605.11

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AMA Style

Timothy Omara, Remish Ogwang, Sarah Ndyamuhaki, Sarah Kagoya, Erisa Kigenyi, et al. Spectroscopic Analysis of Selected Priority Trace Metals in the Extant East African Gilled Lungfish (Protopterus amphibius) in Lira Municipal Lagoon and Its Edibility Health Risk. Sci J Anal Chem. 2018;6(5):38-45. doi: 10.11648/j.sjac.20180605.11

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@article{10.11648/j.sjac.20180605.11,
  author = {Timothy Omara and Remish Ogwang and Sarah Ndyamuhaki and Sarah Kagoya and Erisa Kigenyi and Bashir Musau and Eddie Adupa},
  title = {Spectroscopic Analysis of Selected Priority Trace Metals in the Extant East African Gilled Lungfish (Protopterus amphibius) in Lira Municipal Lagoon and Its Edibility Health Risk},
  journal = {Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry},
  volume = {6},
  number = {5},
  pages = {38-45},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjac.20180605.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20180605.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjac.20180605.11},
  abstract = {This investigation analyzed the concentrations of three trace metals in gilled lungfish of Lira Municipal lagoon of Lira District and estimated the health risk associated with its consumption. Three fresh lungfish samples from the down, middle and up sluices of the lagoon were caught, eviscerated, washed and sundried. Edible muscles of the samples were oven dried at 105°C, desiccated and pulverized. 2.0 ± 0.1g of the fine fish powders were ashed at 550°C, acid digested, and the filtrates used to prepare 1 litre sample solutions. The sample solutions were analyzed for Lead, Zinc and Cadmium by Atomic absorption spectrometry. Spectroscopic results showed that no Cadmium was detected while the statistical mean concentrations of Zinc and Lead in the fishes from down, middle and up streams in mg/kg were 157.8 ± 0.01, 160.2 ± 0.02, 158.2 ± 0.01 and 6.84 ± 0.01, 1.69 ± 0.03, 5.12 ± 0.01 respectively. The above results showed that the trace metals in the investigated fish samples are deleteriously above the maximum permissible Zinc (0.7mg/kg) and Lead (0.3mg/kg) levels in fish indicated by CODEX STAN 193-1995. The statistical Estimated Daily Intakes were from 26.27 to 26.66 mg/kg/day for Zinc and 0.28 to 1.48 mg/kg/day for Lead. A heightened Health Risk Index value of 88.67 for Zinc was observed in the middle stream lungfish samples while Lead had the lowest Health Risk Index value of 2.00 in the middle stream fish from the lagoon. All the Health Risk Index values were greater than unity except for Chromium that was undetected in the fish muscles thus the lungfish of the lagoon is unsafe for human consumption and continuous consumption will impact human health. The immediate strategy lies in fencing the lagoon area and putting a stringent restriction against fishing from the lagoon.},
 year = {2018}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Spectroscopic Analysis of Selected Priority Trace Metals in the Extant East African Gilled Lungfish (Protopterus amphibius) in Lira Municipal Lagoon and Its Edibility Health Risk
AU  - Timothy Omara
AU  - Remish Ogwang
AU  - Sarah Ndyamuhaki
AU  - Sarah Kagoya
AU  - Erisa Kigenyi
AU  - Bashir Musau
AU  - Eddie Adupa
Y1  - 2018/12/24
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20180605.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.sjac.20180605.11
T2  - Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
JF  - Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
JO  - Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
SP  - 38
EP  - 45
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-8053
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20180605.11
AB  - This investigation analyzed the concentrations of three trace metals in gilled lungfish of Lira Municipal lagoon of Lira District and estimated the health risk associated with its consumption. Three fresh lungfish samples from the down, middle and up sluices of the lagoon were caught, eviscerated, washed and sundried. Edible muscles of the samples were oven dried at 105°C, desiccated and pulverized. 2.0 ± 0.1g of the fine fish powders were ashed at 550°C, acid digested, and the filtrates used to prepare 1 litre sample solutions. The sample solutions were analyzed for Lead, Zinc and Cadmium by Atomic absorption spectrometry. Spectroscopic results showed that no Cadmium was detected while the statistical mean concentrations of Zinc and Lead in the fishes from down, middle and up streams in mg/kg were 157.8 ± 0.01, 160.2 ± 0.02, 158.2 ± 0.01 and 6.84 ± 0.01, 1.69 ± 0.03, 5.12 ± 0.01 respectively. The above results showed that the trace metals in the investigated fish samples are deleteriously above the maximum permissible Zinc (0.7mg/kg) and Lead (0.3mg/kg) levels in fish indicated by CODEX STAN 193-1995. The statistical Estimated Daily Intakes were from 26.27 to 26.66 mg/kg/day for Zinc and 0.28 to 1.48 mg/kg/day for Lead. A heightened Health Risk Index value of 88.67 for Zinc was observed in the middle stream lungfish samples while Lead had the lowest Health Risk Index value of 2.00 in the middle stream fish from the lagoon. All the Health Risk Index values were greater than unity except for Chromium that was undetected in the fish muscles thus the lungfish of the lagoon is unsafe for human consumption and continuous consumption will impact human health. The immediate strategy lies in fencing the lagoon area and putting a stringent restriction against fishing from the lagoon.
VL  - 6
IS  - 5
ER  -

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