Conventional, Enhanced, and Alkaline Coagulation for Hard Ghrib Dam (Algeria) Water

Souaad Djezzar; Djamel Ghernaout; Hakima Cherifi; Abdulaziz Alghamdi; Badia Ghernaout; Mohamed Aichouni

doi:doi:10.11648/j.wjac.20180302.12

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Conventional, Enhanced, and Alkaline Coagulation for Hard Ghrib Dam (Algeria) Water

Souaad Djezzar, Djamel Ghernaout, Hakima Cherifi, Abdulaziz Alghamdi, Badia Ghernaout, Mohamed Aichouni

Published in World Journal of Applied Chemistry (Volume 3, Issue 2)

Received: 20 May 2018 Accepted: 1 June 2018 Published: 25 June 2018

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Abstract

This work aims to study coagulation process for hard Ghrib Dam (GD) water treatment. Conventional coagulation (CC), enhanced coagulation (EC) and alkaline coagulation (AC) experiments were realized on jar tests. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of GD water treatment by the EC process compared to CC. Indeed, by CC, it has been demonstrated that each of the two coagulants studied (alum and FeCl₃) is effective for remarkable reductions in OM of 36% and 47.4%, respectively. However, EC, by slightly acidifying water, gave better removal efficiencies of the studied parameters. Indeed, the best abatement of OM is about 78% when water is treated with ferric chloride at pH 5.5, lowered with nitric acid. The observed disadvantage here is the residual nitrate, which existed in the raw water at only low level. On the other hand, at the same pH, the reduction of the OM is 64% when alum is used as coagulant. In addition, the data collected have led to the conclusion that the physicochemical quality of the GD water has a high salinity and lowering its pH (EC) does not affect it at all. On the other hand, its pH elevation (AC) considerably reduces its total hardness which is 41% with NaOH. Such a performance advantageously positions this total hardness reduction technology among the possible solutions to the problems associated with total hardness.

Published in	World Journal of Applied Chemistry (Volume 3, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.wjac.20180302.12
Page(s)	41-55
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Conventional Coagulation (CC), Enhanced Coagulation (EC), Alkaline Coagulation, Alum, Lime; Ferric Chloride

References

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APA Style

Souaad Djezzar, Djamel Ghernaout, Hakima Cherifi, Abdulaziz Alghamdi, Badia Ghernaout, et al. (2018). Conventional, Enhanced, and Alkaline Coagulation for Hard Ghrib Dam (Algeria) Water. World Journal of Applied Chemistry, 3(2), 41-55. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20180302.12

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ACS Style

Souaad Djezzar; Djamel Ghernaout; Hakima Cherifi; Abdulaziz Alghamdi; Badia Ghernaout, et al. Conventional, Enhanced, and Alkaline Coagulation for Hard Ghrib Dam (Algeria) Water. World J. Appl. Chem. 2018, 3(2), 41-55. doi: 10.11648/j.wjac.20180302.12

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AMA Style

Souaad Djezzar, Djamel Ghernaout, Hakima Cherifi, Abdulaziz Alghamdi, Badia Ghernaout, et al. Conventional, Enhanced, and Alkaline Coagulation for Hard Ghrib Dam (Algeria) Water. World J Appl Chem. 2018;3(2):41-55. doi: 10.11648/j.wjac.20180302.12

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@article{10.11648/j.wjac.20180302.12,
  author = {Souaad Djezzar and Djamel Ghernaout and Hakima Cherifi and Abdulaziz Alghamdi and Badia Ghernaout and Mohamed Aichouni},
  title = {Conventional, Enhanced, and Alkaline Coagulation for Hard Ghrib Dam (Algeria) Water},
  journal = {World Journal of Applied Chemistry},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {41-55},
  doi = {10.11648/j.wjac.20180302.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20180302.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wjac.20180302.12},
  abstract = {This work aims to study coagulation process for hard Ghrib Dam (GD) water treatment. Conventional coagulation (CC), enhanced coagulation (EC) and alkaline coagulation (AC) experiments were realized on jar tests. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of GD water treatment by the EC process compared to CC. Indeed, by CC, it has been demonstrated that each of the two coagulants studied (alum and FeCl3) is effective for remarkable reductions in OM of 36% and 47.4%, respectively. However, EC, by slightly acidifying water, gave better removal efficiencies of the studied parameters. Indeed, the best abatement of OM is about 78% when water is treated with ferric chloride at pH 5.5, lowered with nitric acid. The observed disadvantage here is the residual nitrate, which existed in the raw water at only low level. On the other hand, at the same pH, the reduction of the OM is 64% when alum is used as coagulant. In addition, the data collected have led to the conclusion that the physicochemical quality of the GD water has a high salinity and lowering its pH (EC) does not affect it at all. On the other hand, its pH elevation (AC) considerably reduces its total hardness which is 41% with NaOH. Such a performance advantageously positions this total hardness reduction technology among the possible solutions to the problems associated with total hardness.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Conventional, Enhanced, and Alkaline Coagulation for Hard Ghrib Dam (Algeria) Water
AU - Souaad Djezzar
AU - Djamel Ghernaout
AU - Hakima Cherifi
AU - Abdulaziz Alghamdi
AU - Badia Ghernaout
AU - Mohamed Aichouni
Y1 - 2018/06/25
PY - 2018
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20180302.12
DO - 10.11648/j.wjac.20180302.12
T2 - World Journal of Applied Chemistry
JF - World Journal of Applied Chemistry
JO - World Journal of Applied Chemistry
SP - 41
EP - 55
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2637-5982
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20180302.12
AB - This work aims to study coagulation process for hard Ghrib Dam (GD) water treatment. Conventional coagulation (CC), enhanced coagulation (EC) and alkaline coagulation (AC) experiments were realized on jar tests. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of GD water treatment by the EC process compared to CC. Indeed, by CC, it has been demonstrated that each of the two coagulants studied (alum and FeCl3) is effective for remarkable reductions in OM of 36% and 47.4%, respectively. However, EC, by slightly acidifying water, gave better removal efficiencies of the studied parameters. Indeed, the best abatement of OM is about 78% when water is treated with ferric chloride at pH 5.5, lowered with nitric acid. The observed disadvantage here is the residual nitrate, which existed in the raw water at only low level. On the other hand, at the same pH, the reduction of the OM is 64% when alum is used as coagulant. In addition, the data collected have led to the conclusion that the physicochemical quality of the GD water has a high salinity and lowering its pH (EC) does not affect it at all. On the other hand, its pH elevation (AC) considerably reduces its total hardness which is 41% with NaOH. Such a performance advantageously positions this total hardness reduction technology among the possible solutions to the problems associated with total hardness.
VL - 3
IS - 2
ER -

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Author Information

Souaad Djezzar

Algerian Waters Company (ADE), Medea, Algeria
Djamel Ghernaout

Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia; Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Blida, Blida, Algeria
Hakima Cherifi

Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Medea, Medea, Algeria
Abdulaziz Alghamdi

Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
Badia Ghernaout

Laboratory of Mechanics (LME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Laghouat, Laghouat, Algeria
Mohamed Aichouni

Industrial Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia

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APA Style

Souaad Djezzar, Djamel Ghernaout, Hakima Cherifi, Abdulaziz Alghamdi, Badia Ghernaout, et al. (2018). Conventional, Enhanced, and Alkaline Coagulation for Hard Ghrib Dam (Algeria) Water. World Journal of Applied Chemistry, 3(2), 41-55. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20180302.12

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ACS Style

Souaad Djezzar; Djamel Ghernaout; Hakima Cherifi; Abdulaziz Alghamdi; Badia Ghernaout, et al. Conventional, Enhanced, and Alkaline Coagulation for Hard Ghrib Dam (Algeria) Water. World J. Appl. Chem. 2018, 3(2), 41-55. doi: 10.11648/j.wjac.20180302.12

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AMA Style

Souaad Djezzar, Djamel Ghernaout, Hakima Cherifi, Abdulaziz Alghamdi, Badia Ghernaout, et al. Conventional, Enhanced, and Alkaline Coagulation for Hard Ghrib Dam (Algeria) Water. World J Appl Chem. 2018;3(2):41-55. doi: 10.11648/j.wjac.20180302.12

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@article{10.11648/j.wjac.20180302.12,
  author = {Souaad Djezzar and Djamel Ghernaout and Hakima Cherifi and Abdulaziz Alghamdi and Badia Ghernaout and Mohamed Aichouni},
  title = {Conventional, Enhanced, and Alkaline Coagulation for Hard Ghrib Dam (Algeria) Water},
  journal = {World Journal of Applied Chemistry},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {41-55},
  doi = {10.11648/j.wjac.20180302.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20180302.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wjac.20180302.12},
  abstract = {This work aims to study coagulation process for hard Ghrib Dam (GD) water treatment. Conventional coagulation (CC), enhanced coagulation (EC) and alkaline coagulation (AC) experiments were realized on jar tests. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of GD water treatment by the EC process compared to CC. Indeed, by CC, it has been demonstrated that each of the two coagulants studied (alum and FeCl3) is effective for remarkable reductions in OM of 36% and 47.4%, respectively. However, EC, by slightly acidifying water, gave better removal efficiencies of the studied parameters. Indeed, the best abatement of OM is about 78% when water is treated with ferric chloride at pH 5.5, lowered with nitric acid. The observed disadvantage here is the residual nitrate, which existed in the raw water at only low level. On the other hand, at the same pH, the reduction of the OM is 64% when alum is used as coagulant. In addition, the data collected have led to the conclusion that the physicochemical quality of the GD water has a high salinity and lowering its pH (EC) does not affect it at all. On the other hand, its pH elevation (AC) considerably reduces its total hardness which is 41% with NaOH. Such a performance advantageously positions this total hardness reduction technology among the possible solutions to the problems associated with total hardness.},
 year = {2018}
}

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