Early Germination, Growth and Establishment of <i>Khaya senegalensis (DESR.) A. Juss</i> in Middle-Belt Zone of Nigeria

Zaccheus Tunde Egbewole; Odunayo James Rotowa; Emmanuel Dauda Kuje; Oluwasola Abiodun Ogundana; Hassan Haladu Mairafi; Ibrahim Yohanna

doi:doi:10.11648/j.jenr.20180703.11

Early Germination, Growth and Establishment of Khaya senegalensis (DESR.) A. Juss in Middle-Belt Zone of Nigeria

Zaccheus Tunde Egbewole, Odunayo James Rotowa, Emmanuel Dauda Kuje, Oluwasola Abiodun Ogundana, Hassan Haladu Mairafi, Ibrahim Yohanna

Published in Journal of Energy and Natural Resources (Volume 7, Issue 3)

Received: 18 July 2018 Accepted: 29 August 2018 Published: 19 November 2018

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Abstract

A study was carried out to investigate the early growth and establishment of Khaya senegalensis in three different locations (Markurdi, Benue State, Lafia, Nasarawa state and Kwali, Abuja) within the middle belt zone of Nigeria in October 2014 with the aim to mass raising mahogany at economic scale. The study was carried out at the Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Ecotourism Nursery, Nasarawa State University Keffi, Shabu- Lafia Campus. The seeds were separately broadcasted on three different nursery beds and watered effectively. The parameter assessed include Plant height, Leaf count, Leave area and Collar girth. Data was analyzed using Analysis of variance and significant mean differences were separated at p>0.05. The results of parameter assessed on the basis of locations shows that seedlings from Makurdi had the highest mean height of 5.33±2.96cm at 14 weeks after transplanting, closely followed by seedling from Kwali with mean height of 5.33±2.43cm while seedling from Lafia had the least mean height of 5.29±2.46cm. The result of leave count revealed that seedling from Lafia had the highest leave count of 5.28±2.84 followed by Kwali with 5.25±3.00 while leave count of seedlings from Makurdi had the least leave count of 5.18±3.0. The result of growth variables revealed that, Khaya senegalensis saplings intercropped with cassava at Agroforestry plantation Plot had attained 2.415±0.45m average height, 11.12±3.5cm basal girth, 3.95±1.43cm dbh, leaf count of 151.37±18.84 within a period of 36months of planting on the field. The ANOVA result shows that there was significant difference in the leave count, leave length, collar girth and plant height from the three locations at p>0.05, result of correlation analysis revealed that there was a significant correlation between leaf count and plant height (0.78**), collar girth and leaf count (0.67**). While the result of the regression analysis on the effects of growth variables on plant height had coefficient of R² = 0.67, meaning that the assessed growth variables had about 67.4% effects on plant height of Khaya senegalensis seeds collected from different locations. The study reveals that seeds from different source demonstrated different growth performance, as it was observed that seeds obtained from Lafia performed better than the other two locations and as a result recommended for mass raising of Khaya senegalens within the middle-belt zone of Nigeria.

Published in	Journal of Energy and Natural Resources (Volume 7, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.jenr.20180703.11
Page(s)	75-82
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Khaya senegalens, Collar Girth, Seedlings, Leave Count

References

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[2]	Plaza, A. and Chang, C. 2008. High performance computing in remote sensing. Chapman andHall/CRC, Taylor and Francis Group, LLC. 465, 544-553. Department, FAO, Rome.
[3]	GFRA, (2005). Global Forest Resources Assessment. Country report 212: Sudan, Forestry Department.
[4]	FAO, (2003). State of the world's forests, Rome, Italy. Department, FAO, Rome.
[5]	Badi, K. H. (1989.) The natural forests. In: The forest of the Sudan, Khartoum, Sudan.
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[7]	Mahhoub, S. (2002): Studies of physiological, Environmental and of some forest tree species. Ph.D. Thesis, U. K.
[8]	FAO, (2003). State of the world's forests, Rome, Italy. Department, FAO, Rome.
[9]	Bargali K, Tewari A (2004). Growth and water relation parameters in drought-stressed. Coriaria. Bungard RA, Press MC, Scholes JD (2000). The influence of nitrogen on rain forest Dipterocarp seedlings exposed to large increaseirradiance. Plant, Cell Environ, 23: 1183-1194.
[10]	Salih, A. A. M. (2000). Forestry outlook study for Africa, Sudan Forest National Corporation. Khartoum, Sudan.
[11]	Steel R. G. D., Torrie D. A and Dickey D. A (1997). Principles and produce of statistics: A biometric approach 3rd ed. McGraw Hill Book Co. Inc. New York: 400-428.
[12]	Focho D. A, Eneke B, Egbe A, Fongod A. G, Fonge B. A and Njoh R. N. (2011). Effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on early growth characteristics of Khaya ivorensis Chev (African mahogany) in nursery. African Journal of Plant Science Vol. 5 (12), pp. 722-729, Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJPS ISSN 1996-0824 ©2011 Academic Journals.
[13]	Hall J. S, Mark P, Astone S, Graeme P (2003). Seedling performance of four sympatric Entandrophragma species (Meliaceae) under stimulated fertility and moisture regimes of a Central African Rainforest. J. Tropical Ecol., 19: 55-66.
[14]	Wilson; T. B and Witkowski ETF. 1998. Water requirement for germination and changes in higher plants. CR Biol. 331: 215-225.
[15]	Bungard RA, Press MC, Scholes JD (2000). The influence of nitrogen on rain forest Dipterocarp seedlings exposed to large increase irradiance. Plant, Cell Environ, 23: 1183-1194.changes in higher plants. CR Biol. 331: 215-225.
[16]	Kolawole, S. O. Kolawole O. T. and M. A. Akanji, M. A. (2011). Effects of Aqueous Extract of Khaya senegalensis Stem Bark on Biochemical and Hematological Parameters in Rats. Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 6: 602-607.
[17]	Hector R. G (2000). Regeneration patterns of Cedrela liloi (Meliaceae) in North western Argentina Subtropical Montane Forest. J. Trop. Ecol., 16:227-242.
[18]	Ichie T, Ninomiya I, Ogino K (2001). Utilization of seed reserves during germination and early seedling growth by Dryobalanoplanceolata (Dipterocarpaceae). J. Trop. Ecol., 17: 371-378.
[19]	Rotowa, O. J., Ugonma, D. A., Egbewole, Z. T. and Bhadmus, H. B. (2017). Growth Response of Moringa oleifera Lam. to Organic and Mineral Fertilizers Treatment. International Journal of Applied Research and Technology. 6 (5): 51–56.
[20]	Pinkard EA, Ballie C, Patel V, Mohammed CL (2007). Effects offertilizing with Nitrogen and Phosphorus on growth and crowncondition of Eucalyptus globolus Labill. Experiencing insect defoliation. For. Ecol. Manage., 231: 131-137.
[21]	Gbadamosi A. E (2006). Fertilizer response in seedlings of medicinal Enantiachloranthaoliv. Trop. Subtrop. Ecosystem, 6: 11-115.
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[24]	Agboola, D. A and Etejere E. O. (1991): Studies on Seed Dormancy of Selected Economic Tropical Tree Species: Nigeria Journal of Botany 8: 45–56.

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Zaccheus Tunde Egbewole, Odunayo James Rotowa, Emmanuel Dauda Kuje, Oluwasola Abiodun Ogundana, Hassan Haladu Mairafi, et al. (2018). Early Germination, Growth and Establishment of Khaya senegalensis (DESR.) A. Juss in Middle-Belt Zone of Nigeria. Journal of Energy and Natural Resources, 7(3), 75-82. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jenr.20180703.11

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ACS Style

Zaccheus Tunde Egbewole; Odunayo James Rotowa; Emmanuel Dauda Kuje; Oluwasola Abiodun Ogundana; Hassan Haladu Mairafi, et al. Early Germination, Growth and Establishment of Khaya senegalensis (DESR.) A. Juss in Middle-Belt Zone of Nigeria. J. Energy Nat. Resour. 2018, 7(3), 75-82. doi: 10.11648/j.jenr.20180703.11

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AMA Style

Zaccheus Tunde Egbewole, Odunayo James Rotowa, Emmanuel Dauda Kuje, Oluwasola Abiodun Ogundana, Hassan Haladu Mairafi, et al. Early Germination, Growth and Establishment of Khaya senegalensis (DESR.) A. Juss in Middle-Belt Zone of Nigeria. J Energy Nat Resour. 2018;7(3):75-82. doi: 10.11648/j.jenr.20180703.11

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@article{10.11648/j.jenr.20180703.11,
  author = {Zaccheus Tunde Egbewole and Odunayo James Rotowa and Emmanuel Dauda Kuje and Oluwasola Abiodun Ogundana and Hassan Haladu Mairafi and Ibrahim Yohanna},
  title = {Early Germination, Growth and Establishment of Khaya senegalensis (DESR.) A. Juss in Middle-Belt Zone of Nigeria},
  journal = {Journal of Energy and Natural Resources},
  volume = {7},
  number = {3},
  pages = {75-82},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jenr.20180703.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jenr.20180703.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jenr.20180703.11},
  abstract = {A study was carried out to investigate the early growth and establishment of Khaya senegalensis in three different locations (Markurdi, Benue State, Lafia, Nasarawa state and Kwali, Abuja) within the middle belt zone of Nigeria in October 2014 with the aim to mass raising mahogany at economic scale. The study was carried out at the Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Ecotourism Nursery, Nasarawa State University Keffi, Shabu- Lafia Campus. The seeds were separately broadcasted on three different nursery beds and watered effectively. The parameter assessed include Plant height, Leaf count, Leave area and Collar girth. Data was analyzed using Analysis of variance and significant mean differences were separated at p>0.05. The results of parameter assessed on the basis of locations shows that seedlings from Makurdi had the highest mean height of 5.33±2.96cm at 14 weeks after transplanting, closely followed by seedling from Kwali with mean height of 5.33±2.43cm while seedling from Lafia had the least mean height of 5.29±2.46cm. The result of leave count revealed that seedling from Lafia had the highest leave count of 5.28±2.84 followed by Kwali with 5.25±3.00 while leave count of seedlings from Makurdi had the least leave count of 5.18±3.0. The result of growth variables revealed that, Khaya senegalensis saplings intercropped with cassava at Agroforestry plantation Plot had attained 2.415±0.45m average height, 11.12±3.5cm basal girth, 3.95±1.43cm dbh, leaf count of 151.37±18.84 within a period of 36months of planting on the field. The ANOVA result shows that there was significant difference in the leave count, leave length, collar girth and plant height from the three locations at p>0.05, result of correlation analysis revealed that there was a significant correlation between leaf count and plant height (0.78**), collar girth and leaf count (0.67**). While the result of the regression analysis on the effects of growth variables on plant height had coefficient of R2 = 0.67, meaning that the assessed growth variables had about 67.4% effects on plant height of Khaya senegalensis seeds collected from different locations. The study reveals that seeds from different source demonstrated different growth performance, as it was observed that seeds obtained from Lafia performed better than the other two locations and as a result recommended for mass raising of Khaya senegalens within the middle-belt zone of Nigeria.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Early Germination, Growth and Establishment of Khaya senegalensis (DESR.) A. Juss in Middle-Belt Zone of Nigeria
AU  - Zaccheus Tunde Egbewole
AU  - Odunayo James Rotowa
AU  - Emmanuel Dauda Kuje
AU  - Oluwasola Abiodun Ogundana
AU  - Hassan Haladu Mairafi
AU  - Ibrahim Yohanna
Y1  - 2018/11/19
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jenr.20180703.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.jenr.20180703.11
T2  - Journal of Energy and Natural Resources
JF  - Journal of Energy and Natural Resources
JO  - Journal of Energy and Natural Resources
SP  - 75
EP  - 82
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-7404
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jenr.20180703.11
AB  - A study was carried out to investigate the early growth and establishment of Khaya senegalensis in three different locations (Markurdi, Benue State, Lafia, Nasarawa state and Kwali, Abuja) within the middle belt zone of Nigeria in October 2014 with the aim to mass raising mahogany at economic scale. The study was carried out at the Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Ecotourism Nursery, Nasarawa State University Keffi, Shabu- Lafia Campus. The seeds were separately broadcasted on three different nursery beds and watered effectively. The parameter assessed include Plant height, Leaf count, Leave area and Collar girth. Data was analyzed using Analysis of variance and significant mean differences were separated at p>0.05. The results of parameter assessed on the basis of locations shows that seedlings from Makurdi had the highest mean height of 5.33±2.96cm at 14 weeks after transplanting, closely followed by seedling from Kwali with mean height of 5.33±2.43cm while seedling from Lafia had the least mean height of 5.29±2.46cm. The result of leave count revealed that seedling from Lafia had the highest leave count of 5.28±2.84 followed by Kwali with 5.25±3.00 while leave count of seedlings from Makurdi had the least leave count of 5.18±3.0. The result of growth variables revealed that, Khaya senegalensis saplings intercropped with cassava at Agroforestry plantation Plot had attained 2.415±0.45m average height, 11.12±3.5cm basal girth, 3.95±1.43cm dbh, leaf count of 151.37±18.84 within a period of 36months of planting on the field. The ANOVA result shows that there was significant difference in the leave count, leave length, collar girth and plant height from the three locations at p>0.05, result of correlation analysis revealed that there was a significant correlation between leaf count and plant height (0.78**), collar girth and leaf count (0.67**). While the result of the regression analysis on the effects of growth variables on plant height had coefficient of R2 = 0.67, meaning that the assessed growth variables had about 67.4% effects on plant height of Khaya senegalensis seeds collected from different locations. The study reveals that seeds from different source demonstrated different growth performance, as it was observed that seeds obtained from Lafia performed better than the other two locations and as a result recommended for mass raising of Khaya senegalens within the middle-belt zone of Nigeria.
VL  - 7
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Zaccheus Tunde Egbewole

Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria
Odunayo James Rotowa

Department of Forest Production and Products, Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
Emmanuel Dauda Kuje

Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria
Oluwasola Abiodun Ogundana

Department of Forestry Technology, Federal College of Forestry, Ibadan, Nigeria
Hassan Haladu Mairafi

Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria
Ibrahim Yohanna

Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria

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Zaccheus Tunde Egbewole, Odunayo James Rotowa, Emmanuel Dauda Kuje, Oluwasola Abiodun Ogundana, Hassan Haladu Mairafi, et al. (2018). Early Germination, Growth and Establishment of Khaya senegalensis (DESR.) A. Juss in Middle-Belt Zone of Nigeria. Journal of Energy and Natural Resources, 7(3), 75-82. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jenr.20180703.11

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Zaccheus Tunde Egbewole; Odunayo James Rotowa; Emmanuel Dauda Kuje; Oluwasola Abiodun Ogundana; Hassan Haladu Mairafi, et al. Early Germination, Growth and Establishment of Khaya senegalensis (DESR.) A. Juss in Middle-Belt Zone of Nigeria. J. Energy Nat. Resour. 2018, 7(3), 75-82. doi: 10.11648/j.jenr.20180703.11

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AMA Style

Zaccheus Tunde Egbewole, Odunayo James Rotowa, Emmanuel Dauda Kuje, Oluwasola Abiodun Ogundana, Hassan Haladu Mairafi, et al. Early Germination, Growth and Establishment of Khaya senegalensis (DESR.) A. Juss in Middle-Belt Zone of Nigeria. J Energy Nat Resour. 2018;7(3):75-82. doi: 10.11648/j.jenr.20180703.11

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@article{10.11648/j.jenr.20180703.11,
  author = {Zaccheus Tunde Egbewole and Odunayo James Rotowa and Emmanuel Dauda Kuje and Oluwasola Abiodun Ogundana and Hassan Haladu Mairafi and Ibrahim Yohanna},
  title = {Early Germination, Growth and Establishment of Khaya senegalensis (DESR.) A. Juss in Middle-Belt Zone of Nigeria},
  journal = {Journal of Energy and Natural Resources},
  volume = {7},
  number = {3},
  pages = {75-82},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jenr.20180703.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jenr.20180703.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jenr.20180703.11},
  abstract = {A study was carried out to investigate the early growth and establishment of Khaya senegalensis in three different locations (Markurdi, Benue State, Lafia, Nasarawa state and Kwali, Abuja) within the middle belt zone of Nigeria in October 2014 with the aim to mass raising mahogany at economic scale. The study was carried out at the Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Ecotourism Nursery, Nasarawa State University Keffi, Shabu- Lafia Campus. The seeds were separately broadcasted on three different nursery beds and watered effectively. The parameter assessed include Plant height, Leaf count, Leave area and Collar girth. Data was analyzed using Analysis of variance and significant mean differences were separated at p>0.05. The results of parameter assessed on the basis of locations shows that seedlings from Makurdi had the highest mean height of 5.33±2.96cm at 14 weeks after transplanting, closely followed by seedling from Kwali with mean height of 5.33±2.43cm while seedling from Lafia had the least mean height of 5.29±2.46cm. The result of leave count revealed that seedling from Lafia had the highest leave count of 5.28±2.84 followed by Kwali with 5.25±3.00 while leave count of seedlings from Makurdi had the least leave count of 5.18±3.0. The result of growth variables revealed that, Khaya senegalensis saplings intercropped with cassava at Agroforestry plantation Plot had attained 2.415±0.45m average height, 11.12±3.5cm basal girth, 3.95±1.43cm dbh, leaf count of 151.37±18.84 within a period of 36months of planting on the field. The ANOVA result shows that there was significant difference in the leave count, leave length, collar girth and plant height from the three locations at p>0.05, result of correlation analysis revealed that there was a significant correlation between leaf count and plant height (0.78**), collar girth and leaf count (0.67**). While the result of the regression analysis on the effects of growth variables on plant height had coefficient of R2 = 0.67, meaning that the assessed growth variables had about 67.4% effects on plant height of Khaya senegalensis seeds collected from different locations. The study reveals that seeds from different source demonstrated different growth performance, as it was observed that seeds obtained from Lafia performed better than the other two locations and as a result recommended for mass raising of Khaya senegalens within the middle-belt zone of Nigeria.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Early Germination, Growth and Establishment of Khaya senegalensis (DESR.) A. Juss in Middle-Belt Zone of Nigeria
AU  - Zaccheus Tunde Egbewole
AU  - Odunayo James Rotowa
AU  - Emmanuel Dauda Kuje
AU  - Oluwasola Abiodun Ogundana
AU  - Hassan Haladu Mairafi
AU  - Ibrahim Yohanna
Y1  - 2018/11/19
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jenr.20180703.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.jenr.20180703.11
T2  - Journal of Energy and Natural Resources
JF  - Journal of Energy and Natural Resources
JO  - Journal of Energy and Natural Resources
SP  - 75
EP  - 82
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-7404
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jenr.20180703.11
AB  - A study was carried out to investigate the early growth and establishment of Khaya senegalensis in three different locations (Markurdi, Benue State, Lafia, Nasarawa state and Kwali, Abuja) within the middle belt zone of Nigeria in October 2014 with the aim to mass raising mahogany at economic scale. The study was carried out at the Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Ecotourism Nursery, Nasarawa State University Keffi, Shabu- Lafia Campus. The seeds were separately broadcasted on three different nursery beds and watered effectively. The parameter assessed include Plant height, Leaf count, Leave area and Collar girth. Data was analyzed using Analysis of variance and significant mean differences were separated at p>0.05. The results of parameter assessed on the basis of locations shows that seedlings from Makurdi had the highest mean height of 5.33±2.96cm at 14 weeks after transplanting, closely followed by seedling from Kwali with mean height of 5.33±2.43cm while seedling from Lafia had the least mean height of 5.29±2.46cm. The result of leave count revealed that seedling from Lafia had the highest leave count of 5.28±2.84 followed by Kwali with 5.25±3.00 while leave count of seedlings from Makurdi had the least leave count of 5.18±3.0. The result of growth variables revealed that, Khaya senegalensis saplings intercropped with cassava at Agroforestry plantation Plot had attained 2.415±0.45m average height, 11.12±3.5cm basal girth, 3.95±1.43cm dbh, leaf count of 151.37±18.84 within a period of 36months of planting on the field. The ANOVA result shows that there was significant difference in the leave count, leave length, collar girth and plant height from the three locations at p>0.05, result of correlation analysis revealed that there was a significant correlation between leaf count and plant height (0.78**), collar girth and leaf count (0.67**). While the result of the regression analysis on the effects of growth variables on plant height had coefficient of R2 = 0.67, meaning that the assessed growth variables had about 67.4% effects on plant height of Khaya senegalensis seeds collected from different locations. The study reveals that seeds from different source demonstrated different growth performance, as it was observed that seeds obtained from Lafia performed better than the other two locations and as a result recommended for mass raising of Khaya senegalens within the middle-belt zone of Nigeria.
VL  - 7
IS  - 3
ER  -

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