International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis

| Peer-Reviewed |

The Measurement Situation of Concentrations of Gaseous Hydrocarbons

Received: Oct. 23, 2017    Accepted:     Published: Oct. 27, 2017
Views:       Downloads:

Share This Article

Abstract

Nowadays, there is an increasing number of vehicles on the road, and because of that, the air pollution is more serious than before. Although there is a three-way Catalyst Converter in every car, which can transform the CO, HC and NOX to the harmless ingredients like H2O from the exhausted fumes. It is not sure that all the gas, such as: HC can be transform entirely. Thus, many vehicle manufactures intend to find some equipment to control and measure the concentration of hydrocarbons from exhausted fumes to meet the requirement of vehicle emission of world standard. This report may help the vehicle companies to solve this problem. This report first mainly describes the specific chemical types of the gaseous hydrocarbon in exhausted fume which are Alkanes, Alkenes, Alcohols, and Ether. And it also posts the disadvantages of these toxic chemicals in exhausted fumes, for instance, it is harmful to human and it pollutes the environment. Secondly, the report introduces some approaches to measure the concentration of hydrocarbon in exhausted fume from vehicles, for examples, Mass Spectrometry and Gas Chromatography, The flame ionization detector, Infrared spectroscopy, and Raman Spectrum. Furthermore, these approaches are used as a medium to find the companies who can provide such equipment to test the concentration of hydrocarbon: Horiba, AVL, and Ocean Optics. The third, the product data from these three companies is listed and compared with each other. Finally, the evaluation result of instruments to measure the concentration of gaseous hydrocarbons is shown as an input to vehicle manufactures.

DOI 10.11648/j.ijema.20170505.14
Published in International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis ( Volume 5, Issue 5, October 2017 )
Page(s) 137-142
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Concentration of Gaseous Hydrocarbons, Approaches, Data of Products

References
[1] ZHONGXIAN, Zhang, “Environment and Green plants”. Beijing: Tsinghua publication. PDF e-Book. 2005. pp. 85-88.
[2] International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Org., “Compendium of Chemical Terminology”. Gold Book. Oxford: Blackwell Science. PDF e-Book. 2014. pp. 53-60.
[3] SPARKMAN, O. David, “Spectrometry desk reference”. Pittsburgh: Global View Publication. 2000.
[4] GARDINER, Derek J and Pierre R, GRAVES, “Practical Raman Spectroscopy”, Introduction to Raman Scattering. Berlin: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. PDF e-Book. 1989.
[5] AVL, “AVL SESAM i60 FT Multi Component Exhaust Measurement System”, Technical Data. Graz: AVL. 2017.
[6] OCEAN OPTICS, Maya 2000 Pro (Custom), “High Sensitivity Spectrometer”. United States: Ocean Optics. 1989.
[7] TÜV SÜD AUTOMOTIVE GMBH. “Exhaust emissions and fuel consumption measurements according to international regulations”. Heimsheim: TÜV SÜD Automotive GMBH.
[8] AKEDA Kenji and Hideki KOIKE, “Motor Exhaust Gas Analyzer MEXA-7000 series”. Downsizing and Modular Configuration of Analyzers. Japan: Horiba. 1995.
[9] AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES, “Fundamentals of GC Columns”. In: homepage of Agilent Technologies. 19.11.2014.
[10] ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, “Conversion Factors for Hydrocarbon Emission Components”. United States: Environment Protection Agency. Internet Documents. 2010.
[11] FRANK S, Weston, “Gas Chromatography-Infrared Spectroscopy” [PowerPoint-presentation]. GC-IR: Separate & Identify. United States: Agilent Technology.
[12] HORIBA, “Emission Measurement Systems”, MEXA-7000 Version 3. Japan: Horiba. 1996.
[13] CLARK, Jim, “Understanding Chemistry”, The Mass Spectrometer. 2000.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Minxuan Li. (2017). The Measurement Situation of Concentrations of Gaseous Hydrocarbons. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 5(5), 137-142. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20170505.14

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Minxuan Li. The Measurement Situation of Concentrations of Gaseous Hydrocarbons. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2017, 5(5), 137-142. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20170505.14

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Minxuan Li. The Measurement Situation of Concentrations of Gaseous Hydrocarbons. Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2017;5(5):137-142. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20170505.14

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ijema.20170505.14,
      author = {Minxuan Li},
      title = {The Measurement Situation of Concentrations of Gaseous Hydrocarbons},
      journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis},
      volume = {5},
      number = {5},
      pages = {137-142},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.20170505.14},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20170505.14},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.20170505.14},
      abstract = {Nowadays, there is an increasing number of vehicles on the road, and because of that, the air pollution is more serious than before. Although there is a three-way Catalyst Converter in every car, which can transform the CO, HC and NOX to the harmless ingredients like H2O from the exhausted fumes. It is not sure that all the gas, such as: HC can be transform entirely. Thus, many vehicle manufactures intend to find some equipment to control and measure the concentration of hydrocarbons from exhausted fumes to meet the requirement of vehicle emission of world standard. This report may help the vehicle companies to solve this problem. This report first mainly describes the specific chemical types of the gaseous hydrocarbon in exhausted fume which are Alkanes, Alkenes, Alcohols, and Ether. And it also posts the disadvantages of these toxic chemicals in exhausted fumes, for instance, it is harmful to human and it pollutes the environment. Secondly, the report introduces some approaches to measure the concentration of hydrocarbon in exhausted fume from vehicles, for examples, Mass Spectrometry and Gas Chromatography, The flame ionization detector, Infrared spectroscopy, and Raman Spectrum. Furthermore, these approaches are used as a medium to find the companies who can provide such equipment to test the concentration of hydrocarbon: Horiba, AVL, and Ocean Optics. The third, the product data from these three companies is listed and compared with each other. Finally, the evaluation result of instruments to measure the concentration of gaseous hydrocarbons is shown as an input to vehicle manufactures.},
     year = {2017}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - The Measurement Situation of Concentrations of Gaseous Hydrocarbons
    AU  - Minxuan Li
    Y1  - 2017/10/27
    PY  - 2017
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20170505.14
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijema.20170505.14
    T2  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
    JF  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
    JO  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
    SP  - 137
    EP  - 142
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2328-7667
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20170505.14
    AB  - Nowadays, there is an increasing number of vehicles on the road, and because of that, the air pollution is more serious than before. Although there is a three-way Catalyst Converter in every car, which can transform the CO, HC and NOX to the harmless ingredients like H2O from the exhausted fumes. It is not sure that all the gas, such as: HC can be transform entirely. Thus, many vehicle manufactures intend to find some equipment to control and measure the concentration of hydrocarbons from exhausted fumes to meet the requirement of vehicle emission of world standard. This report may help the vehicle companies to solve this problem. This report first mainly describes the specific chemical types of the gaseous hydrocarbon in exhausted fume which are Alkanes, Alkenes, Alcohols, and Ether. And it also posts the disadvantages of these toxic chemicals in exhausted fumes, for instance, it is harmful to human and it pollutes the environment. Secondly, the report introduces some approaches to measure the concentration of hydrocarbon in exhausted fume from vehicles, for examples, Mass Spectrometry and Gas Chromatography, The flame ionization detector, Infrared spectroscopy, and Raman Spectrum. Furthermore, these approaches are used as a medium to find the companies who can provide such equipment to test the concentration of hydrocarbon: Horiba, AVL, and Ocean Optics. The third, the product data from these three companies is listed and compared with each other. Finally, the evaluation result of instruments to measure the concentration of gaseous hydrocarbons is shown as an input to vehicle manufactures.
    VL  - 5
    IS  - 5
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Mechanical and Material Department, North China University of Technology, Beijing, China

  • Section