Assessment of Heavy Metal Contents and Pollution Risk in Reclaimed Soils of a Bauxite Mine

Nie Xingshan

doi:doi:10.11648/j.earth.20180706.17

| Peer-Reviewed

Assessment of Heavy Metal Contents and Pollution Risk in Reclaimed Soils of a Bauxite Mine

Nie Xingshan

Published in Earth Sciences (Volume 7, Issue 6)

Received: 19 September 2018 Accepted: 4 December 2018 Published: 28 December 2018

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

A study on the contents and pollution state of heavy metals in the soils at the Xiaoyi Bauxite Mine in Shanxi, China was conducted to provide a scientific basis for understanding and evaluating the risks of heavy metal pollution in reclaimed soils in mining areas. The contents of Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, As, and Ni were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and evaluated with respect to the changes in their characteristics over different reclamation years. Using a single factor index and the Nemerow Pollution Index, the potential degree and risk of pollution were assessed. The mean concentration of Cd was 5.19 mg/kg, which exceeds the 0.3 mg/kg national standard in China by 17 times, while the concentrations of other elements did not exceed the national standard and there was no apparent pollution risk. With the extension of the reclamation time, the contents of Cd increased in the 0–15-cm layer and decreased in the 15–30-cm layer. Cadmium possessed the highest single pollution index, and exceeded the severe pollution level (Level 5), while the other five elements were at safe levels (i.e., lower than Level 1). The Nemerow Pollution Index ranged from 12.08–13.14, with an average of 12.43, and exceeded Level 5 pollution by 3–4 times, indicating a severe level of pollution. The soil being used to reclaim the mine was the main source of pollution, with the contents of six heavy metal elements exceeding the national standards. The soils in the reclamation area contain Cd pollution from the resource soil, manure, and dust. Therefore, for mine reclamation, the quality of the soil being used to reclaim the land should been stringently control.

Published in	Earth Sciences (Volume 7, Issue 6)
DOI	10.11648/j.earth.20180706.17
Page(s)	294-300
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Reclamation, Cd, Heavy Metal, Single Factor Index, Nemerow Pollution Index

References

[1]	Fan Yinghong, Lu Zhaohua, Cheng Jianlong, et al. Main ecological and environmental problems and ecological reconstruction techniques in coal mining areas in China [J]. ActaEcologica Sinica, 2003, 23 (10): 2144-2152.
[2]	GUO Wei, ZHAO Renxin, ZHANG Jun, et al. Characteristics and evaluation of heavy metal pollution in soil of Baotou Iron Mine, Inner Mongolia [J]. Environmental Science, 2011, 32 (10): 3099-3105.
[3]	SHI Ping, WANGEnde, WEIZhongyi, et al. Evaluation of heavy metal pollution in tailings wasteland and soil in Liaoning mining area [J]. Metal Mine, 2008 (2): 118-121.
[4]	Bhattacharyya P, Tripathy S, Chakrabarti K, et al. Fractionation and bioavailability of metals and their impacts on microbial properties in sewage irrigated soil [J]. Chemosphere, 2008, 72 (4): 543-550.
[5]	Zhuang Ping, Zou Bi, Li Zhi An, et al. Heavy metal contamination in soils and food crops around Dabaoshan mine in Guangdong, China: implication for human health [J]. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 2009, 31 (6): 707-715.
[6]	Machender G, Dhakate R, Prasanna L, et al. Assessment of heavy metal contamination in soils around Balanagar industrial area, Hyderabad, India [J]. Environment Earth Sciences, 2011, 63 (5): 945-953.
[7]	Soriano-Disla J M, Speir T W, Gómez I, et al. Evaluation of different extraction methods for the assessment of heavy metal bioavailability in various soils [J]. Water, Airand Soil Pollution, 2010, 213 (1): 471-483.
[8]	PengJian, Jiang Yijun, Wu Jiansheng, et al. Ecological environmental effects of mine exploitation and typical techniques of land reclamation in China [J]. Progress in Geography, 2005, 24 (2): 38-48.
[9]	Reynderse, Bervoetsl, Geldersm, et al. Accumulation and effects of metals in caged carp and resident roach along a metal pollution gradient [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2008, 391 (1): 82-95.
[10]	Chopin E I, Alloway B J. Trace element partitioning and soil particle characterization around mining and smelting areas at Tharsis, Ríotinto and Huelva, SW Spain [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2007, 373 (3): 488-500.
[11]	Zheng Na, LiuJingShuang, Wang Qi Chao, et al. Mercury contamination due to zinc smelting and chlor-alkali production in NE China [J]. Applied Geochemistry, 2011, 26 (2): 188-193.
[12]	Olawoyin R, Ovewole SA, Grayson RL. Potential risk effect from elevated levels of soil heavy metals on human health in the Niger Delta [J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2012, 85 (3): 120-130.
[13]	He Xuwen, Wang Yuxiang, Fang Zeng, et al. Characteristics of heavy metal pollution and pollution risk assessment in lead-zinc mining area [J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology, 2016 (6): 476-483.
[14]	Chen Huaiman. Environmental Soil Science [M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2005: 522-523.
[15]	Chen Yan, JiHongbing, Zhu Xianfang, et al. Morphological analysis and potential risk assessment of heavy metals in the soil around Detiangou Gold Mine and Qifeng Tea Gold Mine in Beijing [J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2012, 31 (11): 2142-2151.
[16]	Hu Mingyong, Jiang Liping, Zhang Xiao, et al. Investigation and Analysis of Heavy Metal Content in Common Fertilizers: A Case Study of Changsha City [J]. Hunan Agricultural Sciences, 2014, 24: 27-29.
[17]	WANG Mei, LI Shutian. Effects of heavy metal content in fertilizers and fertilization on soil and crop heavy metal enrichment [J]. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2014, 20 (2): 466-480.
[18]	Yan Xiang, Wang Xu, Li Xiuying, et al. Heavy Metal Content and Safety Evaluation of Water-Soluble Fertilizers [J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2015, 46 (5): 1264-1271.
[19]	Wang Xiongjun, Lai Jianqing, Lu Yanhong, et al. Study on the main sources of soil heavy metal pollution in Taiyuan City based on factor analysis [J]. Ecology and Environment, 2008, 17 (2): 671-676.
[20]	Li Qian, Qin Fei, Ji Hongbing, et al. Evaluation of Heavy Metal Content, Source and Pollution of Soil in Gold Deposits of the Upper Miyun Reservoir, Beijing [J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2013, 32 (12): 2384-2394.
[21]	DUAN Xuemei, CAI Huanxing, CHEN Wenjun. Characteristics and Pollution Sources of Heavy Metal Pollution in Surface Soil of Nanjing City [J]. Environmental Science and Management, 2010, 35 (10): 31-35.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Nie Xingshan. (2018). Assessment of Heavy Metal Contents and Pollution Risk in Reclaimed Soils of a Bauxite Mine. Earth Sciences, 7(6), 294-300. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20180706.17

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Nie Xingshan. Assessment of Heavy Metal Contents and Pollution Risk in Reclaimed Soils of a Bauxite Mine. Earth Sci. 2018, 7(6), 294-300. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.20180706.17

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Nie Xingshan. Assessment of Heavy Metal Contents and Pollution Risk in Reclaimed Soils of a Bauxite Mine. Earth Sci. 2018;7(6):294-300. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.20180706.17

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.earth.20180706.17,
  author = {Nie Xingshan},
  title = {Assessment of Heavy Metal Contents and Pollution Risk in Reclaimed Soils of a Bauxite Mine},
  journal = {Earth Sciences},
  volume = {7},
  number = {6},
  pages = {294-300},
  doi = {10.11648/j.earth.20180706.17},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20180706.17},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.earth.20180706.17},
  abstract = {A study on the contents and pollution state of heavy metals in the soils at the Xiaoyi Bauxite Mine in Shanxi, China was conducted to provide a scientific basis for understanding and evaluating the risks of heavy metal pollution in reclaimed soils in mining areas. The contents of Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, As, and Ni were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and evaluated with respect to the changes in their characteristics over different reclamation years. Using a single factor index and the Nemerow Pollution Index, the potential degree and risk of pollution were assessed. The mean concentration of Cd was 5.19 mg/kg, which exceeds the 0.3 mg/kg national standard in China by 17 times, while the concentrations of other elements did not exceed the national standard and there was no apparent pollution risk. With the extension of the reclamation time, the contents of Cd increased in the 0–15-cm layer and decreased in the 15–30-cm layer. Cadmium possessed the highest single pollution index, and exceeded the severe pollution level (Level 5), while the other five elements were at safe levels (i.e., lower than Level 1). The Nemerow Pollution Index ranged from 12.08–13.14, with an average of 12.43, and exceeded Level 5 pollution by 3–4 times, indicating a severe level of pollution. The soil being used to reclaim the mine was the main source of pollution, with the contents of six heavy metal elements exceeding the national standards. The soils in the reclamation area contain Cd pollution from the resource soil, manure, and dust. Therefore, for mine reclamation, the quality of the soil being used to reclaim the land should been stringently control.},
 year = {2018}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Assessment of Heavy Metal Contents and Pollution Risk in Reclaimed Soils of a Bauxite Mine
AU  - Nie Xingshan
Y1  - 2018/12/28
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20180706.17
DO  - 10.11648/j.earth.20180706.17
T2  - Earth Sciences
JF  - Earth Sciences
JO  - Earth Sciences
SP  - 294
EP  - 300
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5982
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20180706.17
AB  - A study on the contents and pollution state of heavy metals in the soils at the Xiaoyi Bauxite Mine in Shanxi, China was conducted to provide a scientific basis for understanding and evaluating the risks of heavy metal pollution in reclaimed soils in mining areas. The contents of Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, As, and Ni were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and evaluated with respect to the changes in their characteristics over different reclamation years. Using a single factor index and the Nemerow Pollution Index, the potential degree and risk of pollution were assessed. The mean concentration of Cd was 5.19 mg/kg, which exceeds the 0.3 mg/kg national standard in China by 17 times, while the concentrations of other elements did not exceed the national standard and there was no apparent pollution risk. With the extension of the reclamation time, the contents of Cd increased in the 0–15-cm layer and decreased in the 15–30-cm layer. Cadmium possessed the highest single pollution index, and exceeded the severe pollution level (Level 5), while the other five elements were at safe levels (i.e., lower than Level 1). The Nemerow Pollution Index ranged from 12.08–13.14, with an average of 12.43, and exceeded Level 5 pollution by 3–4 times, indicating a severe level of pollution. The soil being used to reclaim the mine was the main source of pollution, with the contents of six heavy metal elements exceeding the national standards. The soils in the reclamation area contain Cd pollution from the resource soil, manure, and dust. Therefore, for mine reclamation, the quality of the soil being used to reclaim the land should been stringently control.
VL  - 7
IS  - 6
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Nie Xingshan

Institute of Shanxi Soil and Water Conservation, Taiyuan, China

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Nie Xingshan. (2018). Assessment of Heavy Metal Contents and Pollution Risk in Reclaimed Soils of a Bauxite Mine. Earth Sciences, 7(6), 294-300. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20180706.17

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Nie Xingshan. Assessment of Heavy Metal Contents and Pollution Risk in Reclaimed Soils of a Bauxite Mine. Earth Sci. 2018, 7(6), 294-300. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.20180706.17

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Nie Xingshan. Assessment of Heavy Metal Contents and Pollution Risk in Reclaimed Soils of a Bauxite Mine. Earth Sci. 2018;7(6):294-300. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.20180706.17

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.earth.20180706.17,
  author = {Nie Xingshan},
  title = {Assessment of Heavy Metal Contents and Pollution Risk in Reclaimed Soils of a Bauxite Mine},
  journal = {Earth Sciences},
  volume = {7},
  number = {6},
  pages = {294-300},
  doi = {10.11648/j.earth.20180706.17},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20180706.17},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.earth.20180706.17},
  abstract = {A study on the contents and pollution state of heavy metals in the soils at the Xiaoyi Bauxite Mine in Shanxi, China was conducted to provide a scientific basis for understanding and evaluating the risks of heavy metal pollution in reclaimed soils in mining areas. The contents of Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, As, and Ni were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and evaluated with respect to the changes in their characteristics over different reclamation years. Using a single factor index and the Nemerow Pollution Index, the potential degree and risk of pollution were assessed. The mean concentration of Cd was 5.19 mg/kg, which exceeds the 0.3 mg/kg national standard in China by 17 times, while the concentrations of other elements did not exceed the national standard and there was no apparent pollution risk. With the extension of the reclamation time, the contents of Cd increased in the 0–15-cm layer and decreased in the 15–30-cm layer. Cadmium possessed the highest single pollution index, and exceeded the severe pollution level (Level 5), while the other five elements were at safe levels (i.e., lower than Level 1). The Nemerow Pollution Index ranged from 12.08–13.14, with an average of 12.43, and exceeded Level 5 pollution by 3–4 times, indicating a severe level of pollution. The soil being used to reclaim the mine was the main source of pollution, with the contents of six heavy metal elements exceeding the national standards. The soils in the reclamation area contain Cd pollution from the resource soil, manure, and dust. Therefore, for mine reclamation, the quality of the soil being used to reclaim the land should been stringently control.},
 year = {2018}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Assessment of Heavy Metal Contents and Pollution Risk in Reclaimed Soils of a Bauxite Mine
AU  - Nie Xingshan
Y1  - 2018/12/28
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20180706.17
DO  - 10.11648/j.earth.20180706.17
T2  - Earth Sciences
JF  - Earth Sciences
JO  - Earth Sciences
SP  - 294
EP  - 300
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5982
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20180706.17
AB  - A study on the contents and pollution state of heavy metals in the soils at the Xiaoyi Bauxite Mine in Shanxi, China was conducted to provide a scientific basis for understanding and evaluating the risks of heavy metal pollution in reclaimed soils in mining areas. The contents of Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, As, and Ni were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and evaluated with respect to the changes in their characteristics over different reclamation years. Using a single factor index and the Nemerow Pollution Index, the potential degree and risk of pollution were assessed. The mean concentration of Cd was 5.19 mg/kg, which exceeds the 0.3 mg/kg national standard in China by 17 times, while the concentrations of other elements did not exceed the national standard and there was no apparent pollution risk. With the extension of the reclamation time, the contents of Cd increased in the 0–15-cm layer and decreased in the 15–30-cm layer. Cadmium possessed the highest single pollution index, and exceeded the severe pollution level (Level 5), while the other five elements were at safe levels (i.e., lower than Level 1). The Nemerow Pollution Index ranged from 12.08–13.14, with an average of 12.43, and exceeded Level 5 pollution by 3–4 times, indicating a severe level of pollution. The soil being used to reclaim the mine was the main source of pollution, with the contents of six heavy metal elements exceeding the national standards. The soils in the reclamation area contain Cd pollution from the resource soil, manure, and dust. Therefore, for mine reclamation, the quality of the soil being used to reclaim the land should been stringently control.
VL  - 7
IS  - 6
ER  -

Copy | Download