International Journal of Materials Science and Applications

| Peer-Reviewed |

Optimizing the Choice of Limestone Deposits for the Production of Portland Cement in Cameroon

Received: Aug. 22, 2018    Accepted: Sep. 10, 2018    Published: Oct. 09, 2018
Views:       Downloads:

Share This Article

Abstract

Despite the presence of raw materials (limestone and clay) deposits for Portland cement production, the major part of cement sold in Cameroon is from crushed imported clinker. This contributes to high cost of this material and reduction of local employment. In this study and based on existing data, a multi-criteria analysis tool was developed and applied to guide decision in the choice of limestone deposits in Cameroon for the production of Portland cement. The criteria evaluated were: calcium carbonate (CaCO3) content of limestone, proximity of the limestone deposit to a qualified clay source, estimate of its capacity, area covered by the limestone deposit, extraction of limestone easiness, accessibility to the limestone deposit and the proximity of the limestone deposit to a source of energy. The study is conducted on twelve limestone deposits identified by previous studies around the country. The PROMETHEE II methodology used made it possible to highlight the best deposits with respect to the criteria set. The results showed in terms of preference that, the Bidzar and Mintom deposits respectively in the North and South Regions are the two best deposits to be considered for the local production of Portland cement. Their exploitation will more promote purely local cement industry in Cameroon.

DOI 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20180705.12
Published in International Journal of Materials Science and Applications ( Volume 7, Issue 5, September 2018 )
Page(s) 174-185
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Cameroon, Limestone Deposits, Portland Cement Production, Multi-criteria Analysis, Promethee II

References
[1] Bhattacharya A, Romani M, Stern N. Infrastructure for development: meeting the challenge, Orientation Document; Centre for climate change Economics and Policy, 2012, 20.
[2] Spencer C H. Memento rock and industrial minerals: cement materials, Ministry of Industry, Posts and Telecommunications and Foreign Trade, The company at the service of the earth, 1990, 50.
[3] Prax A. Memonto Useful Substances: Quarry Materials, Portland Clinker, office of Geological and Mining Research, Orléans Cédex; 79 SGN 148 MTX, 1979, 42.
[4] Agyingui C M, Epanty A F, Foba-Tendo J, Makoge E O, Muma P N, Kimbeng P. Preliminary investigation of some limestones and volcanic ash in the South West Province as raw matérials for the Cameroon cement industry, Afr J Build Mater 1999, 3(3):5-11.
[5] Bufardi A, Gheorghe R, Kiritsis D, Hirouchakis P. Multicriteria decision-aid approach for product end-of-life alternative selection, Int. J. Prod. Res. 42 (16); 2004, 3139-3157.
[6] Madić M, Radovanović M, Petković D, Nedić B. Multi-Criteria Analysis of Laser Cut Surface Characteristics in CO2 Laser Cutting of Stainless Steel, Tribology in Industry. 37, 2, 2015, 236-243.
[7] Noryani M I, Sapuan S M, Mastura M T. Multi-criteria decision-making tools for material selection of natural fibre composites: A review, Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences Malaysia, volume 12, issue 1, 2018, 3330-3353.
[8] Baudry G, Macharis C, Vallée T. Range-based Multi-Actor Multi-Criteria Analysis: A combined method of Multi-Actor Multi-Criteria Analysis and Monte Carlo simulation to support participatory decision making under uncertainty, Eur. J. Oper. Res., 264, 2018, 257–269.
[9] Brans J P, Mareschal B, Vincke Ph. PROMETHEE: a new family of outranking methods in multicriteria analysis, Operational Research’84, North Holland, 1984, 408-421.
[10] Regnoult J M. Synthese geologue du Cameroon, SODEXIC; Yaounde Google Scholar 1986.
[11] Gweth P N. Mineral Resources of Cameroon, SOPECAM Yaoundé, 2001, 375.
[12] Kahn H, Tassinari M M L, Ratti G. characterization of bauxite fines aiming to minimize their iron content, Minerals engineering, 2003, 1313-1315.
[13] Belinga SME. External dynamic geology of the tropical countries of the earth Africa - America - Asia. The landscapes of iron, GNOME; S.A.P, 1983, 193-206.
[14] Engon T C, Abessolo-Angue Abame M, Zo’o Zame P, Ekomane E, Bekoa E, Mvogo K, Bitom D. Morphological, physico-chemical and geochemical characterization of two weathering profiles developed on limestone from the Mintom Formation in the tropical humid zone of cameroon, Journal of African Earth Sciences, 2017, 1-16.
[15] Ndigui Billong. Optimization of the properties of materials based on lime-pozzolan binders: effect of hydrated lime, sodium hydroxide, water and sand or laterite, PhD Thesis, University of Yaounde I, 2011.
[16] Moalla Frikha H, Chabchoub H, et Marcel J M. An interactive approach for the determination of indifference thresholds in PROMETHEE. Faculty of Administration Sciences, Laval University, University campus, Québec(Qué), G1K 7P4, Canada, work Document 2007, 013:19.
[17] Macharis C, Springael J, De Brucher K, Verbeke A. Promethee and AHP: the design of operational synergies in multicriteria analysis. Strengthening PROMETHEE with ideas of AHP, European Journal of Operational Research, vol.153, n°. 2, 2004, 778-784.
[18] Lemaire S. Assisting in the selection of construction products based on their environmental and health performance, PhD Thesis: INSA of Lyon, 2006, 267.
[19] Maystre LY, Pictet J et Simos J. Méthodes multicritères ELECTRE, Lausanne : Presses Polytechniques et Universitaire Romandes, 1994, 323.
[20] Nijkamp P, Rietveld P, Voogd H M. Multicriteria Evaluation in Physical planning, Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam 1990.
[21] Vincke P. Multicriteria aid to the decision, Brussels: Editions of the University of Brussels, 1989, 179.
[22] Neville A M. Properties of concrete, London: John Willey and Son, 1986, 19.
[23] Weldemar A. Cementitious materials: historical note, Material Science of Concrete I, 1987, 1-24.
[24] Yamb E, Ngwem Bayiha B, Ndigui Billong, Robertovna S I. Compatibility of Bidzar limestone and Figuil clay (Northern Cameroon) for the production of Portland clinker, International Journal of Materials Engineering and technology. Vol 15, N° 1, 2016, 63-73.
[25] Ngon Ngon G F. Morphological, geochemical and crystallographic study of laterite clays and hydromorphic clays of the Yaoundé region in tropical humid zone. Industrial trials and evaluation of their potential as building materials, Doctorate thesis. University of Yaounde I, Cameroon, 2007.
[26] Njopwouo D. Mineralogical and nanomorphological characteristics of two Cameroonian laterite zone clays and their influence on the properties of rubber-clay masterbatches, Rev. Sc. Tech. 2006, 170:223-234.
[27] Njoya D, Elimbi A, Nkoumbou C, Njoya A, Njopwouo D, Lecomte G, et al. Contribution to the physico-chemical and mineralogical study of mayoum clays (Cameroon), Aun. Chim. Sci. Mat, 2007, 55-68.
[28] Pialy P, Koumbou C, Villie F, Razafitianamaharavo A, Barres O, Pelletier M et al. Characterization for industrial applications of clays from lembo deposit, Mount Bana (Cameroon), Clay Minerals, 2008, 415-435.
[29] Wouatong A S L, Tchounang Kouonang S, Hawa Mohamed, Yerima K P, Melo Chinje U and Njopwouo D. Chemical and Mineralogical characterization of clayey deposits for traditional pottery and brickworks in the North West region of Cameroon (central Africa), British Journal of Applied science & Technology, 2015, 19-36.
[30] Institute of Energy and the Environment of the Francophonie (IEPF), the energy diagnosis of a cement plant, intergovernmental agency of the Francophonie. Technical sheet n° 1.
[31] Tchakounte J. Cameroun Tribune: Hydroelectric dams come out of the ground, Cameroon-Info.Net (page consulted on May 3, 2017), [on line], URL: http: //www.cameroon-info.net/article/cameroon-the-hydraulic-barrages-get-earth-245697.html, 2015.
[32] Szafranko E. Applicability of multi-criteria analysis methods for the choice of material and technology solutions in building structures, Mogućnost primjene metoda analize s više kriterija u izboru materijala i tehnoloških rješenja, 2017, 1935-1940.
[33] Guarini M R, Battisti F, Chiovitti A. A Methodology for the Selection of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis Methods in Real Estate and Land Management Processes, Sustainability, 10, 2018, 507.
[34] Mergias I, Moustakas K, Papadopoulos A, Loizidou M. Multi-criteria decision aid approach for the selection of the best compromise management scheme for ELVs: The case of Cyprus, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2007, 147:706-717.
[35] CIMENCAM, Study for the localization and potential for a cement industry in nothern Cameroon, Archive IRGM, 1965.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Blaise Ngwem Bayiha, Emmanuel Yamb, Jordan Valdès Sontia Metekong, Ndigui Billong, Robert Nzengwa. (2018). Optimizing the Choice of Limestone Deposits for the Production of Portland Cement in Cameroon. International Journal of Materials Science and Applications, 7(5), 174-185. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20180705.12

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Blaise Ngwem Bayiha; Emmanuel Yamb; Jordan Valdès Sontia Metekong; Ndigui Billong; Robert Nzengwa. Optimizing the Choice of Limestone Deposits for the Production of Portland Cement in Cameroon. Int. J. Mater. Sci. Appl. 2018, 7(5), 174-185. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20180705.12

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Blaise Ngwem Bayiha, Emmanuel Yamb, Jordan Valdès Sontia Metekong, Ndigui Billong, Robert Nzengwa. Optimizing the Choice of Limestone Deposits for the Production of Portland Cement in Cameroon. Int J Mater Sci Appl. 2018;7(5):174-185. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20180705.12

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ijmsa.20180705.12,
      author = {Blaise Ngwem Bayiha and Emmanuel Yamb and Jordan Valdès Sontia Metekong and Ndigui Billong and Robert Nzengwa},
      title = {Optimizing the Choice of Limestone Deposits for the Production of Portland Cement in Cameroon},
      journal = {International Journal of Materials Science and Applications},
      volume = {7},
      number = {5},
      pages = {174-185},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijmsa.20180705.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20180705.12},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmsa.20180705.12},
      abstract = {Despite the presence of raw materials (limestone and clay) deposits for Portland cement production, the major part of cement sold in Cameroon is from crushed imported clinker. This contributes to high cost of this material and reduction of local employment. In this study and based on existing data, a multi-criteria analysis tool was developed and applied to guide decision in the choice of limestone deposits in Cameroon for the production of Portland cement. The criteria evaluated were: calcium carbonate (CaCO3) content of limestone, proximity of the limestone deposit to a qualified clay source, estimate of its capacity, area covered by the limestone deposit, extraction of limestone easiness, accessibility to the limestone deposit and the proximity of the limestone deposit to a source of energy. The study is conducted on twelve limestone deposits identified by previous studies around the country. The PROMETHEE II methodology used made it possible to highlight the best deposits with respect to the criteria set. The results showed in terms of preference that, the Bidzar and Mintom deposits respectively in the North and South Regions are the two best deposits to be considered for the local production of Portland cement. Their exploitation will more promote purely local cement industry in Cameroon.},
     year = {2018}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Optimizing the Choice of Limestone Deposits for the Production of Portland Cement in Cameroon
    AU  - Blaise Ngwem Bayiha
    AU  - Emmanuel Yamb
    AU  - Jordan Valdès Sontia Metekong
    AU  - Ndigui Billong
    AU  - Robert Nzengwa
    Y1  - 2018/10/09
    PY  - 2018
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20180705.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20180705.12
    T2  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
    JF  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
    JO  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
    SP  - 174
    EP  - 185
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2327-2643
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20180705.12
    AB  - Despite the presence of raw materials (limestone and clay) deposits for Portland cement production, the major part of cement sold in Cameroon is from crushed imported clinker. This contributes to high cost of this material and reduction of local employment. In this study and based on existing data, a multi-criteria analysis tool was developed and applied to guide decision in the choice of limestone deposits in Cameroon for the production of Portland cement. The criteria evaluated were: calcium carbonate (CaCO3) content of limestone, proximity of the limestone deposit to a qualified clay source, estimate of its capacity, area covered by the limestone deposit, extraction of limestone easiness, accessibility to the limestone deposit and the proximity of the limestone deposit to a source of energy. The study is conducted on twelve limestone deposits identified by previous studies around the country. The PROMETHEE II methodology used made it possible to highlight the best deposits with respect to the criteria set. The results showed in terms of preference that, the Bidzar and Mintom deposits respectively in the North and South Regions are the two best deposits to be considered for the local production of Portland cement. Their exploitation will more promote purely local cement industry in Cameroon.
    VL  - 7
    IS  - 5
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Department of Civil Engineering, Advanced Technical Teachers Training College, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon

  • Department of Civil Engineering, Advanced Technical Teachers Training College, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon

  • Laboratory of Materials Analyses, Local Materials Promotion Authority (MIPROMALO), Yaoundé, Cameroon

  • Laboratory of Materials Analyses, Local Materials Promotion Authority (MIPROMALO), Yaoundé, Cameroon

  • LE3M, Faculty of Industrial Engineering, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon

  • Section