| Peer-Reviewed

Unified Field Theory

Received: 25 September 2013    Accepted:     Published: 30 October 2013
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

The paper "SR Equations without Constant One-Way Speed of Light" [1] brings us a century back by discussing contradictory Relativity postulates. Instead of dealing with the aether theory, this paper proposes the Unified Field Theory (UFT) that replaces both the Theory of Relativity and Theory of Aether. In this new theory, the universe exists in form of Torque Grids in which Space, Time and Energy are unified. The ideal Torque Grids have same size and String movement cycle is the same as the Grid size in all directions. When Torque Grids have different sizes, the Torque Grids have size distortions. When Torque String movement speeds are different between two opposite directions, the Torque Grids have charge distortion. Both size and charge distortion can be measured by energy. The charge distortion can be measured by electronic charge in addition to the energy. The Gravity interactions and Strong interactions are related to Torque Grids’ size distortions. The electron-magnetic interactions and weak interactions are related to charge distortions. The Unified Field Theory derives the Planck equation and Newton’s gravity equation and explains why the electron is stable. The electron has a single Torque Grid distortion on its shell and is in resonance with its wavelength. Therefore, electron is stable and electronic field is formed. Strong force and weak force are result of two additional main resonance wave forms on the shell of the electron. Finally, the paper unifies the four fundamental fields.

Published in American Journal of Modern Physics (Volume 2, Issue 6)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajmp.20130206.14
Page(s) 292-298
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Unified Field Theory, Quantum Field Theory, Relativity, Dark Matter, Standard Model

References
[1] Cao, Zhiliang, and Henry Gu Cao. "SR Equations without Constant One-Way Speed of Light." International Journal of Physics 1.5 (2013): 106-109.
[2] Albert Einstein, "Ether and the Theory of Relativity", http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Extras/Einstein_ether.html (May 5, 1920)
[3] Cao, Henry Gu, and Zhiliang Cao. "Drifting Clock and Lunar Cycle." International Journal of Physics 1, no. 5 (2013): 121-127.
[4] P.J. Mohr, B.N. Taylor, and D.B. Newell (2011), "The 2010 CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants" (Web Version 6.0). This database was developed by J. Baker, M. Douma, and S. Kotochigova. Available: http://physics.nist.gov [Thursday, 02-Jun-2011 21:00:12 EDT]. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899.
[5] Giuseppe Morandi, F. Napoli, E. Ercolessi (2001), Statistical mechanics: an intermediate course, ISBN 978-981-02-4477-4, "See page 85"
[6] Einstein, Albert (2003), "Physics and Reality", Daedalus 132 (4): 24, doi:10.1162/001152603771338742,
[7] R. Bowley, M. Sánchez (1999), Introductory Statistical Mechanics (2nd ed.), Oxford: Clarendon Press, ISBN 0-19-850576-0
[8] Newton, T.D.; Wigner, E.P. (1949). "Localized states for elementary particles". Reviews of Modern Physics 21 (3): 400–406. Bibcode:1949RvMP...21..400N. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.21.400.
[9] One year on from the Higgs boson find, has physics hit the buffers? The Guardian, 6 Aug 2013
[10] Planck, Max (1901), "Ueber das Gesetz der Energieverteilung im Normalspectrum", Ann. Phys. 309 (3): 553–63, Bibcode:1901AnP...309..553P, doi:10.1002/andp.19013090310. English translation: "On the Law of Distribution of Energy in the Normal Spectrum".
[11] Kragh, Helge (1 December 2000), Max Planck: the reluctant revolutionary, PhysicsWorld.com
[12] Kragh, Helge (1999), Quantum Generations: A History of Physics in the Twentieth Century, Princeton University Press, p. 62, ISBN 0-691-09552-3
[13] Planck, Max (2 June 1920), The Genesis and Present State of Development of the Quantum Theory (Nobel Lecture)
[14] University of Washington Big G Measurement. Astrophysics Science Division. Goddard Space Flight Center. 2002-12-23. "Since Cavendish first measured Newton's Gravitational constant 200 years ago, "Big G" remains one of the most elusive constants in physics."
[15] Fundamentals of Physics 8ed,Halliday/Resnick/Walker, ISBN 978-0-470-04618-0 p336
[16] George T. Gillies (1997), "The Newtonian gravitational constant: recent measurements and related studies", Reports on Progress in Physics 60 (2): 151–225, Bibcode:1997RPPh...60..151G, doi:10.1088/0034-4885/60/2/001. A lengthy, detailed review. See Figure 1 and Table 2 in particular.
[17] P.J. Mohr, B.N. Taylor, and D.B. Newell (2011), "The 2010 CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants" (Web Version 6.0). This database was developed by J. Baker, M. Douma, and S. Kotochigova. Available: http://physics.nist.gov/constants [Thursday, 02-Jun-2011 21:00:12 EDT]. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899.
[18] Brush, Stephen G.; Holton, Gerald James (2001), Physics, the human adventure: from Copernicus to Einstein and beyond, New Brunswick, N.J: Rutgers University Press, p. 137, ISBN 0-8135-2908-5
[19] A. L. Parson, "A Magneton Theory of the Structure of the Atom," Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collection, vol. 65, no. 11, Publication No. 2371, pp. 1-80 (Nov. 29, 1915).
[20] H. S. Allen, "The Case for a Ring Electron," Proc. Phys. Soc. London, vol. 31, pp.49-68 (1919).
[21] P. A. M. Dirac, "Classical Theory of Radiating Electrons," Proc. Roy. Soc., vol. 168, p. 148 (1939).
[22] John L. Powell and Bernd Crasemann, Quantum Mechanics, Addison-Wesley Pub. Co., Reading, MA, p. 56 (1961).
[23] Ivan A. Sellin, "Atomic Structure and Spectra," McGraw-Hill Ency. of Science and Technology, McGraw-Hill Book Co., NY, vol. 2, p. 212 (1987).
[24] Hans Dehmelt, "Experiments on the Structure of an Individual Elementary Particle," Science, vol. 247, no. 4942, pp. 539-545 (Feb. 2, 1990).
[25] Arthur Compton, "The Size and Shape of the Electron," Phys. Rev. Second Series, vol. 14 no. 3, pp. 247-259 (1919).
[26] Beautiful Minds, Vol. 20: Ed Witten. la Repubblica. 2010. Retrieved 22 June 2012. Here SaveFrom.net.
[27] J. J. Thorn et al. (2004). Observing the quantum behavior of light in an undergraduate laboratory. J. J. Thorn, M. S. Neel, V. W. Donato, G. S. Bergreen, R. E. Davies, and M. Beck. American Association of Physics Teachers, 2004.DOI: 10.1119/1.1737397.
[28] David Tong, Lectures on Quantum Field Theory
[29] Srednicki, Mark. Quantum Field Theory (1st ed.).
[30] Zee, Anthony. Quantum Field Theory in a Nutshell (2nd ed.).
[31] Abraham Pais, Inward Bound: Of Matter and Forces in the Physical World ISBN 0-19-851997-4. Pais recounts how his astonishment at the rapidity with which Feynman could calculate using his method. Feynman's method is now part of the standard methods for physicists.
[32] http://www.furryelephant.com/content/radioactivity/binding-energy-mass-defect
[33] Fritzsch, op. cite, p. 164. The author states that the force between differently colored quarks remains constant at any distance after they travel only a tiny distance from each other, and is equal to that need to raise one ton, which is 1000 kg x 9.8 N = ~ 10,000 N.
[34] Fritzsch, H. (1983). Quarks: The Stuff of Matter. Basic Books. pp. 167–168. ISBN 978-0-465-06781-7.
[35] Griffiths, David (2009). Introduction to Elementary Particles. pp. 59–60. ISBN 978-3-527-40601-2.
[36] The Nobel Prize in Physics 1979: Press Release. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Media. Retrieved 22 March 2011.
[37] E. Fermi. (1934). "Versuch einer Theorie der β-Strahlen. I". Zeitschrift für Physik A 88 (3–4): 161–177. Bibcode:1934ZPhy...88..161F. doi:10.1007/BF01351864.
[38] W.-M. Yao et al. (Particle Data Group) (2006). "Review of Particle Physics: Quarks". Journal of Physics G 33: 1. arXiv:astro-ph/0601168. Bibcode:2006JPhG...33....1Y. doi:10.1088/0954-3899/33/1/001.
[39] Peter Watkins (1986). Story of the W and Z. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 70. ISBN 978-0-521-31875-4.
[40] Coupling Constants for the Fundamental Forces. HyperPhysics. Georgia State University. Retrieved 2 March 2011.
[41] J. Christman (2001). "The Weak Interaction". Physnet. Michigan State University.
[42] Electroweak. The Particle Adventure. Particle Data Group. Retrieved 3 March 2011.
[43] Walter Greiner; Berndt Müller (2009). Gauge Theory of Weak Interactions. Springer. p. 2. ISBN 978-3-540-87842-1.
[44] Baez, John C.; Huerta, John (2009). "The Algebra of Grand Unified Theories". Bull.Am.Math.Soc. 0904: 483–552. arXiv:0904.1556. Bibcode:2009arXiv0904.1556B. Retrieved 15 October 2013.
[45] K. Nakamura et al. (Particle Data Group) (2010). "Gauge and Higgs Bosons". Journal of Physics G 37.
[46] K. Nakamura et al. (Particle Data Group) (2010). "n". Journal of Physics G 37: 7.
[47] The Nobel Prize in Physics 1979. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Media. Retrieved 26 February 2011.
[48] C. Amsler et al. (Particle Data Group) (2008). "Review of Particle Physics – Higgs Bosons: Theory and Searches". Physics Letters B 667: 1. Bibcode:2008PhLB..667....1P. doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2008.07.018.
[49] New results indicate that new particle is a Higgs boson | CERN. Home.web.cern.ch. Retrieved 20 September 2013.
[50] Charles W. Carey (2006). "Lee, Tsung-Dao". American scientists. Facts on File Inc. p. 225. ISBN 9781438108070.
[51] The Nobel Prize in Physics 1957. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Media. Retrieved 26 February 2011.
[52] The Nobel Prize in Physics 1980. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Media. Retrieved 26 February 2011.
[53] M. Kobayashi, T. Maskawa (1973). "CP-Violation in the Renormalizable Theory of Weak Interaction". Progress of Theoretical Physics 49 (2): 652–657. Bibcode:1973PThPh..49..652K. doi:10.1143/PTP.49.652.
[54] The Nobel Prize in Physics 1980. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Media. Retrieved 17 March 2011.
[55] Paul Langacker (1989, 2001). "Cp Violation and Cosmology". In Cecilia Jarlskog. CP violation. London, River Edge: World Scientific Publishing Co. p. 552. ISBN 9789971505615.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Zhiliang Cao, Henry Gu Cao. (2013). Unified Field Theory. American Journal of Modern Physics, 2(6), 292-298. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20130206.14

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Zhiliang Cao; Henry Gu Cao. Unified Field Theory. Am. J. Mod. Phys. 2013, 2(6), 292-298. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmp.20130206.14

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Zhiliang Cao, Henry Gu Cao. Unified Field Theory. Am J Mod Phys. 2013;2(6):292-298. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmp.20130206.14

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ajmp.20130206.14,
      author = {Zhiliang Cao and Henry Gu Cao},
      title = {Unified Field Theory},
      journal = {American Journal of Modern Physics},
      volume = {2},
      number = {6},
      pages = {292-298},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajmp.20130206.14},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20130206.14},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajmp.20130206.14},
      abstract = {The paper "SR Equations without Constant One-Way Speed of Light" [1] brings us a century back by discussing contradictory Relativity postulates. Instead of dealing with the aether theory, this paper proposes the Unified Field Theory (UFT) that replaces both the Theory of Relativity and Theory of Aether. In this new theory, the universe exists in form of Torque Grids in which Space, Time and Energy are unified. The ideal Torque Grids have same size and String movement cycle is the same as the Grid size in all directions. When Torque Grids have different sizes, the Torque Grids have size distortions. When Torque String movement speeds are different between two opposite directions, the Torque Grids have charge distortion. Both size and charge distortion can be measured by energy. The charge distortion can be measured by electronic charge in addition to the energy. The Gravity interactions and Strong interactions are related to Torque Grids’ size distortions. The electron-magnetic interactions and weak interactions are related to charge distortions. The Unified Field Theory derives the Planck equation and Newton’s gravity equation and explains why the electron is stable. The electron has a single Torque Grid distortion on its shell and is in resonance with its wavelength. Therefore, electron is stable and electronic field is formed. Strong force and weak force are result of two additional main resonance wave forms on the shell of the electron. Finally, the paper unifies the four fundamental fields.},
     year = {2013}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Unified Field Theory
    AU  - Zhiliang Cao
    AU  - Henry Gu Cao
    Y1  - 2013/10/30
    PY  - 2013
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20130206.14
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajmp.20130206.14
    T2  - American Journal of Modern Physics
    JF  - American Journal of Modern Physics
    JO  - American Journal of Modern Physics
    SP  - 292
    EP  - 298
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2326-8891
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20130206.14
    AB  - The paper "SR Equations without Constant One-Way Speed of Light" [1] brings us a century back by discussing contradictory Relativity postulates. Instead of dealing with the aether theory, this paper proposes the Unified Field Theory (UFT) that replaces both the Theory of Relativity and Theory of Aether. In this new theory, the universe exists in form of Torque Grids in which Space, Time and Energy are unified. The ideal Torque Grids have same size and String movement cycle is the same as the Grid size in all directions. When Torque Grids have different sizes, the Torque Grids have size distortions. When Torque String movement speeds are different between two opposite directions, the Torque Grids have charge distortion. Both size and charge distortion can be measured by energy. The charge distortion can be measured by electronic charge in addition to the energy. The Gravity interactions and Strong interactions are related to Torque Grids’ size distortions. The electron-magnetic interactions and weak interactions are related to charge distortions. The Unified Field Theory derives the Planck equation and Newton’s gravity equation and explains why the electron is stable. The electron has a single Torque Grid distortion on its shell and is in resonance with its wavelength. Therefore, electron is stable and electronic field is formed. Strong force and weak force are result of two additional main resonance wave forms on the shell of the electron. Finally, the paper unifies the four fundamental fields.
    VL  - 2
    IS  - 6
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Wayne State University, 42 W Warren Ave, Detroit; Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China

  • Deerfield High School, Deerfield, IL 60015, USA

  • Sections