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The Effect of Deficit Irrigation on Maize Crop Under Conventional Furrow Irrigation in Adami Tulu Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia
Zelalem Shelemew Furgassa
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, June 2017
Pages:
1-12
Received:
7 March 2017
Accepted:
5 April 2017
Published:
15 May 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ae.20170101.11
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Abstract: The expansion of irrigated agriculture in Ethiopia to feed the ever-increasing population on one hand and the increasing competition for water due to the development of other water use sectors on the other hand, the improvement of water use efficiencies in irrigated agriculture to ensure sustained production and conservation of this limited resource. A field experiment was conducted with objectives of identifying the level of deficit irrigation for achieving optimum crop yield and water productivity of Maize crop in Adami Tulu. The study was conducted using three levels of irrigation (50%ETc, 70%ETc, 85%ETc) and control irrigation 100%ETc arrangements in RCD with three replications. The analysis of variance for the result of the study indicated highly significant (P ≤ 0.05) differences for yield, yield components and WUE’s. The highest yield of 4.52 ton/ha was obtained from the control with 100%ETc which was not significantly (P ≤ 0.05) different to the 85%ETc irrigation level. In terms of irrigation and water use efficiency, 50%ETc deficit irrigation application gave the highest IWUE which was significantly different from all other treatment combinations. Yield and water use efficiency based comparison had shown that there was significant difference between the yield, CWUE, and IWUE obtained in the treatment. Therefore, it can be concluded that increased water saving and associated water productivity through the use of 85%ETc with Conventional furrow irrigation, can solve problem of water shortage which improve WUE without significant reduction of yield.85%ETc irrigation level water applied system appears to be a promising alternative for water conservation and labor saving with negligible trade-off in yield.
Abstract: The expansion of irrigated agriculture in Ethiopia to feed the ever-increasing population on one hand and the increasing competition for water due to the development of other water use sectors on the other hand, the improvement of water use efficiencies in irrigated agriculture to ensure sustained production and conservation of this limited resourc...
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Analysis of Dynamic Stability of a Fast Single Craft Being Chased
Mohammad Reza Moghoomi,
Amin Kolahdooz
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, June 2017
Pages:
13-19
Received:
28 February 2017
Accepted:
7 April 2017
Published:
16 May 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ae.20170101.12
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Abstract: Several important factors such as the metacenter point, the center of gravity and the center of buoyancy that is prevented from rolling unexpectedly need to be considered to create stability in the ship. In this paper, a fast single craft that can move at the maximum speed of 120 kilometers per hour is investigated and analyzed in terms of design and dynamics stability. According to the results of simulation, the drag and lift coefficients are 8.96×105 and 1.46×106 in the motion of single craft respectively. Also the results are desirable if the lift to drag ratio be more than one (Accordingly this ratio is calculated 1.62 in this paper). In the analysis of the movement of the vessels based on the drag and lift coefficients as 2.48×105 and 8.39×105 respectively, the ratio of the two coefficients is 3.38 which indicates the accuracy of the results.
Abstract: Several important factors such as the metacenter point, the center of gravity and the center of buoyancy that is prevented from rolling unexpectedly need to be considered to create stability in the ship. In this paper, a fast single craft that can move at the maximum speed of 120 kilometers per hour is investigated and analyzed in terms of design a...
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Measuring Soil Loss and Sediment Deposit on Low Volume Rural Roads in Mt. Elgon Sub County, Trans-Nzoia and West Pokot Counties
James Okinyi Manyara,
Elias Ucakuwun,
Thomas Munyao
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, June 2017
Pages:
20-31
Received:
6 March 2017
Accepted:
8 April 2017
Published:
24 May 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ae.20170101.13
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Abstract: Roads are key economic pillars for any economy, major low volume roads in Kenya are faced by a major problem of degradation and soil erosion. These roads have become of great environmental concern causing siltation and land degradation. The research is carried out in three counties of western Kenya and North Rift between High, mid and Low altitude areas. The research used purposive sampling to select the study roads and class E and D roads were selected for the study. Metered drop pins were used to estimate soil loss and soil deposition in the study roads, this was achieved by driving the peg into the ground and measuring the height in two weeks interval for a period of three months between November 2013 to March 2014. Side drain cross sectional areas were measured at specified intervals to obtain soil accumulation or soil loss. Soil movement and deposition was analysed and it was observed that a greater change occurred in the months of November and December 2013 with a deposition change of 11.1 cm compared to 8.80cm for the month of January and February 2014. Highest rate of erosion was recorded at -10.1cm in the rainy months and -6.64 cm in dry months. Total soil volume movement in three months was 8309.75 cm3 where Mt. Elgon Sub County exhibited the highest change of 3284 cm3.
Abstract: Roads are key economic pillars for any economy, major low volume roads in Kenya are faced by a major problem of degradation and soil erosion. These roads have become of great environmental concern causing siltation and land degradation. The research is carried out in three counties of western Kenya and North Rift between High, mid and Low altitude ...
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Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies on Biosorption of Iron (II) and Iron (III) Ions onto Eggshell Powder from Aqueous Solution
Eman Aly Ashour,
Maha Abdelbaset Tony
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, June 2017
Pages:
32-40
Received:
28 February 2017
Accepted:
12 April 2017
Published:
2 June 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ae.20170101.14
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Abstract: As a consequence of modernization, industry is spread in the whole world, one of the industries that producing a wastewater as a by-product, iron and steel industry. The result is a huge amount of wastewater that contaminated with iron and steel. Biosorption techniques especially with a natural low cost adsorbent material, namely chicken eggshell is gaining an important goal for treating with a cost efficient material. This present investigation, eggshell (untreated natural eggshell and the treated one which is burned to 500°C) was applied for two types of iron removal from wastewater (Fe2+ and Fe3+). The adsorption capacity of Fe3+ and Fe2+ verified 105.4 and 165.6 mg/g, respectively within 120 minutes for the unmodified eggshell, which enhanced to 129.7 and 181.3 mg/g, respectively, for the modified eggshell. Different parameters were studied such as initial iron concentration in wastewater, agitation speed and the mass of the biosorbent. The isotherm study revealed that the data well fitted for linearized forms of Langmuir. The kinetic study followed the pseudo-second order reaction rate.
Abstract: As a consequence of modernization, industry is spread in the whole world, one of the industries that producing a wastewater as a by-product, iron and steel industry. The result is a huge amount of wastewater that contaminated with iron and steel. Biosorption techniques especially with a natural low cost adsorbent material, namely chicken eggshell i...
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