The Diagnostic Role of p53 and Ki 67 Immunohistochemistry in Evaluation of Urinary Bladder Carcinomas in Egyptian Patients
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 1, March 2019
Pages:
1-6
Received:
23 April 2019
Accepted:
30 May 2019
Published:
10 June 2019
Abstract: Background: Urothelial carcinomas (UC) are the most common cancers of urinary bladder responsible for a significant proportion of cancer morbidity and mortality. In Egypt, bladder cancer is the second most common malignancy. We did the present investigation to exhibit the clinicohistopathological highlights and to associate the p53 and Ki 67 immunoexpression with grade and stage of bladder carcinomas. Materials and Methods: sixty-two cases of bladder neoplasm were investigated. Grading and staging was done. An immunohistochemical assay for p53 and Ki 67 was performed in altogether cases, with relation to clinicopathological parameter. Results: There was a significant association of p53 and Ki 67 overexpression in high grade with the epithelial type (P=0.0001) & (P=.0.01) respectively. While there was a statistically significant association of high expression of P53 in PT1 compared to PTa and PT2 (p=0.000001). There was a significant correlation between Ki 67 in staging pT1 (pTa + pT1/pT2, P = 0.000001; pTa/ pT1, P = 0.000001; pT1/pT2, P = 0.000002). Conclusion: The role of p53 and Ki 67 immunohistochemical relativities in the differential diagnosis and prognosis of urinary bladder carcinomas in step with the pathological stage and histologic grade of the neoplasm, will be understood due to unique biology and pathogenic features of these tumors. Thus, this study supports the opinion that combined use of p53 and Ki 67 immunostaining markers may help as further prognostic clue alongside with histologic grading and staging in bladder carcinomas.
Abstract: Background: Urothelial carcinomas (UC) are the most common cancers of urinary bladder responsible for a significant proportion of cancer morbidity and mortality. In Egypt, bladder cancer is the second most common malignancy. We did the present investigation to exhibit the clinicohistopathological highlights and to associate the p53 and Ki 67 immuno...
Show More
Analysis of Employees Compensation and Performance Appraisal Policies in Oromia, Ethiopia
Terecha Bekele Beri,
Fikru Tafese,
Tesfaye Dagne
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 1, March 2019
Pages:
7-16
Received:
1 May 2019
Accepted:
5 June 2019
Published:
26 June 2019
Abstract: Compensation includes salaries and benefits in financial and non-financial forms. The compensation policy was highly linked to that of performance appraisal result. Hence, equitable salary and benefits schemes are prerequisites to effective retention of employees. The aim of the study is to assess the human resource for health compensation and performance appraisal policies and practices. The study employed qualitative case-study design and in-depth-interview and document review data collection methods. The study found base salary and benefits namely incentives package (professional hazards/risk, top up, duty, house allowance and position fee), compensatory leaves, per diem pay, training and education opportunity, promotion, transfer, job injury benefits, compensatory leaves, medical benefit, social security and uniform allowance were enforced. And also it found that the employee appraisal activities intended to be 3600 evaluation: manager, self, team members and customer performance evaluation dimensions. However, organization cars, mobile phones, cheap loans, extra vacations, gifts, travel expenses, vouchers, saving schemes, holiday expenses, and paternal leave were not in practice. Finally, it is recommended that Oromia National Regional State Policy makers should amend the civil servants proclamation to meet the nowadays circumstance. Along with the proclamation, it should formulate regulations and directives on compensation and performance evaluation to enhance consistent decision making at all levels.
Abstract: Compensation includes salaries and benefits in financial and non-financial forms. The compensation policy was highly linked to that of performance appraisal result. Hence, equitable salary and benefits schemes are prerequisites to effective retention of employees. The aim of the study is to assess the human resource for health compensation and perf...
Show More
