A Study on the Importance of Anti Cyclic Cytrullinated Peptide Antibodies (Anti-CCP) and Rheumatoid Factor (RF) Assay in Detection of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis in North Eastern Part of India
Anindya Das,
Chimanjita Phukan,
Chitralekha Baruah
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 5, October 2016
Pages:
27-34
Received:
15 October 2016
Accepted:
31 October 2016
Published:
23 November 2016
Abstract: Objective: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a polyarticular and systemic chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease, occurring throughout the world. The aim of the present study is to observe the role of anti-CCP antibody and Rheumatoid Factor (RF) assay in diagnosing patients of rheumatoid arthritis in north-eastern part of India, in the state of Assam and also to evaluate the individual and combined sensitivity and specificity of anti-CCP antibody and RF assay in diagnosing RA. Methods: A total of 88 cases presenting with history of polyarthritis were included in the study of which the study group comprised of 57 clinically diagnosed cases of rheumatoid arthritis and control group comprised of 31 patients of non-RA rheumatic diseases having joint pain. Individual sensitivity and specificity of the above tests, and also the combined specificity of the two tests and also the three tests were calculated and the results of the tests were compared with each other to examine the correlation between them. Results: Sensitivity of anti-CCP ELISA, RF IgM ELISA and RF Latex test was 91.23%, 75.44% and 40.35% with specificity of 70.97%, 67.74% and 90.32% respectively. If the three tests are combined then the combined specificity of the three tests is 99.59%. One important observation was that out of 9 anti-CCP positive cases in the control group(n = 31) 5 cases were weakly positive (titer 6.25 – 20 U/ml), considering cut-off value 6.25 U/ml as mentioned by the kit.If these weakly positive cases in the control group are considered as negative, then specificity of anti-CCP ELISA increases from 70.97% to 87.1% which is more acceptable. Conclusion: From this study it is observed that anti-CCP antibodies are highly sensitive and specific for diagnosing RA. If this test is combined with RF IgM ELISA and Latex test then combined specificity can be increased more than 99%. However, weakly positive titers of anti-CCP antibodies are more prevalent in other non-RA rheumatic diseases in North-Eastern part of India.
Abstract: Objective: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a polyarticular and systemic chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease, occurring throughout the world. The aim of the present study is to observe the role of anti-CCP antibody and Rheumatoid Factor (RF) assay in diagnosing patients of rheumatoid arthritis in north-eastern part of India, in the state of Assam a...
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Impact of Biofield Energy Treated Herbomineral Formulation (The Trivedi Effect®) on Mouse Dendritic and Splenocyte Cells for Modulation of Pro-inflammatory Cytokines
Mahendra Kumar Trivedi,
Alice Branton,
Dahryn Trivedi,
Gopal Nayak,
Aileen Carol Lee,
Aksana Hancharuk,
Carola Marina Sand,
Debra Jane Schnitzer,
Rudina Thanasi,
Eileen Mary Meagher,
Faith Ann Pyka,
Gary Richard Gerber,
Johanna Catharina Stromsnas,
Judith Marian Shapiro,
Laura Nelson Streicher,
Lorraine Marie Hachfeld,
Matthew Charles Hornung,
Patricia M. Rowe,
Sally Jean Henderson,
Sheila Maureen Benson,
Shirley Theresa Holmlund,
Stephen P. Salters,
Mayank Gangwar,
Snehasis Jana
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 5, October 2016
Pages:
35-45
Received:
7 November 2016
Accepted:
22 November 2016
Published:
8 December 2016
Abstract: The use of herbomineral formulation in the healthcare sector for different chronic diseases is gaining popularity due to its fewer side effects, high safety profile, and cost effectiveness. A new proprietary herbomineral formulation was formulated, consisting of four essential ingredients viz. herbal root extract (ashwagandha), and minerals (zinc, magnesium, and selenium). The study aims to evaluate the in vitro effect of Biofield Energy Healing (The Trivedi Effect®) on the test formulation using murine dendritic (DCs) and splenocyte cells. The herbomineral formulation was divided into two parts; one was represented as control, while the other part was treated with the Biofield Energy Healing Treatment remotely by eighteen renowned Biofield Energy Healers (The Trivedi Effect®) and defined as the Biofield Treated formulation. The effect of the test formulation on these cells were monitored by an estimation of pro-inflammatory cytokines level such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP-1α), and interleukin (IL-1β) in cell culture supernatants at the non-cytotoxic concentrations of the test formulation using MTT assay. The DCs were treated with the Biofield Energy Treated test formulation at different concentrations (i.e. 1.05 to 1052.5 µg/mL) for 24 hours, and the results showed significant (p≤0.001) suppression of TNF-α levels at all the tested concentrations with a maximum percentage decrease by 43.64% at 5.2 µg/mL concentration in the Biofield Treated formulation as compared with the untreated test formulation. Further, the Biofield Treated formulation also demonstrated inhibition of MIP-1α and IL-1β at a concentration range of 0.0000105 to 10.5 µg/mL in LPS stimulated splenocyte cells. There was a significant (p≤0.001) inhibition of MIP-1α (26.52%) and IL-1β (35.28%) in the Biofield Treated test formulation at concentration 0.000105 µg/mL and 0.0000105 µg/mL, respectively in comparison to the untreated test formulation. Overall, these results suggest that the Biofield Energy Healing based herbomineral formulation (The Trivedi Effect®) significantly down-regulated the tested cytokines expression in DCs and splenocyte cells as compared to the untreated formulation. Therefore, the Biofield Healing based formulation might be useful as a better anti-inflammatory product for many chronic and acute inflammatory disease conditions and autoimmune disorders. The Biofield Energy Treatment based formulation can also be effectively applied in cases of organ transplants, stress management and anti-aging by improving overall health.
Abstract: The use of herbomineral formulation in the healthcare sector for different chronic diseases is gaining popularity due to its fewer side effects, high safety profile, and cost effectiveness. A new proprietary herbomineral formulation was formulated, consisting of four essential ingredients viz. herbal root extract (ashwagandha), and minerals (zinc, ...
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