Cameroon-Nigeria Border Conflict Incidence on Trade Patterns and Dynamics Within Near-Border Settlements of the Bakassi Peninsula, Cameroon

Jude Ndzifon Kimengsi; Zephania Nji Fogwe; Nebota Catherine Mende

doi:doi:10.11648/j.urp.20180301.13

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Cameroon-Nigeria Border Conflict Incidence on Trade Patterns and Dynamics Within Near-Border Settlements of the Bakassi Peninsula, Cameroon

Jude Ndzifon Kimengsi, Zephania Nji Fogwe, Nebota Catherine Mende

Published in Urban and Regional Planning (Volume 3, Issue 1)

Received: 27 September 2017 Accepted: 14 October 2017 Published: 19 January 2018

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Abstract

Historicity, geo-strategic and economic bearing has snatched the discourse on border environments from contemporary geographical literature. Yet, these environments have stoutly become hotspots for violent expression of conflicting entitlements to natural resources and socio-economic opportunities. The Bakassi Peninsula at West Africa’s lone gulf (of Guinea) which replicates par excellence, the combination of resource-space tussle and conflicting territorial claims and resolution approaches between Nigeria and Cameroon, has unravelled major trends and dynamics of commercial activities for communities within the area. Within this politically hotbed peninsula is Ekondo Titi, a commercial hub undergoing significant dynamics in the periods before, during and after the Bakassi Crisis, laid to rest by the Green Tree Accord whose political palliative was no economic panacea to the quantitative and qualitative trade responses in the area especially on the Cameroonian side. This study purposively sampled 100 respondents involving traders, farmers, council workers and other stakeholders in Ekondo Titi of Cameroon. A chi square analysis at 0.05 level of significance with a degree of freedom of 9, portrayed a significant association between commercial sector dynamics and border insecurity in Ekondo Titi especially as trade patterns assumed a three period pendula-like mood. Post crisis trends reveal an increasingly unaccounted and unofficial cash crop trade outflow towards Nigeria in the dearth of practicable road transport infrastructure, warehouses/storage tanks, and other domestic marketing infrastructure. Post crisis trade management exhibits the need for the government of Cameroon to set in robust confidence building measures while drastically enhancing on the transport and market infrastructure.

Published in	Urban and Regional Planning (Volume 3, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.urp.20180301.13
Page(s)	11-19
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Crops, Border, Ekondo Titi, Commerce

References

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APA Style

Jude Ndzifon Kimengsi, Zephania Nji Fogwe, Nebota Catherine Mende. (2018). Cameroon-Nigeria Border Conflict Incidence on Trade Patterns and Dynamics Within Near-Border Settlements of the Bakassi Peninsula, Cameroon. Urban and Regional Planning, 3(1), 11-19. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.urp.20180301.13

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ACS Style

Jude Ndzifon Kimengsi; Zephania Nji Fogwe; Nebota Catherine Mende. Cameroon-Nigeria Border Conflict Incidence on Trade Patterns and Dynamics Within Near-Border Settlements of the Bakassi Peninsula, Cameroon. Urban Reg. Plan. 2018, 3(1), 11-19. doi: 10.11648/j.urp.20180301.13

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AMA Style

Jude Ndzifon Kimengsi, Zephania Nji Fogwe, Nebota Catherine Mende. Cameroon-Nigeria Border Conflict Incidence on Trade Patterns and Dynamics Within Near-Border Settlements of the Bakassi Peninsula, Cameroon. Urban Reg Plan. 2018;3(1):11-19. doi: 10.11648/j.urp.20180301.13

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@article{10.11648/j.urp.20180301.13,
  author = {Jude Ndzifon Kimengsi and Zephania Nji Fogwe and Nebota Catherine Mende},
  title = {Cameroon-Nigeria Border Conflict Incidence on Trade Patterns and Dynamics Within Near-Border Settlements of the Bakassi Peninsula, Cameroon},
  journal = {Urban and Regional Planning},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {11-19},
  doi = {10.11648/j.urp.20180301.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.urp.20180301.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.urp.20180301.13},
  abstract = {Historicity, geo-strategic and economic bearing has snatched the discourse on border environments from contemporary geographical literature. Yet, these environments have stoutly become hotspots for violent expression of conflicting entitlements to natural resources and socio-economic opportunities. The Bakassi Peninsula at West Africa’s lone gulf (of Guinea) which replicates par excellence, the combination of resource-space tussle and conflicting territorial claims and resolution approaches between Nigeria and Cameroon, has unravelled major trends and dynamics of commercial activities for communities within the area. Within this politically hotbed peninsula is Ekondo Titi, a commercial hub undergoing significant dynamics in the periods before, during and after the Bakassi Crisis, laid to rest by the Green Tree Accord whose political palliative was no economic panacea to the quantitative and qualitative trade responses in the area especially on the Cameroonian side. This study purposively sampled 100 respondents involving traders, farmers, council workers and other stakeholders in Ekondo Titi of Cameroon. A chi square analysis at 0.05 level of significance with a degree of freedom of 9, portrayed a significant association between commercial sector dynamics and border insecurity in Ekondo Titi especially as trade patterns assumed a three period pendula-like mood. Post crisis trends reveal an increasingly unaccounted and unofficial cash crop trade outflow towards Nigeria in the dearth of practicable road transport infrastructure, warehouses/storage tanks, and other domestic marketing infrastructure. Post crisis trade management exhibits the need for the government of Cameroon to set in robust confidence building measures while drastically enhancing on the transport and market infrastructure.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Cameroon-Nigeria Border Conflict Incidence on Trade Patterns and Dynamics Within Near-Border Settlements of the Bakassi Peninsula, Cameroon
AU  - Jude Ndzifon Kimengsi
AU  - Zephania Nji Fogwe
AU  - Nebota Catherine Mende
Y1  - 2018/01/19
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.urp.20180301.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.urp.20180301.13
T2  - Urban and Regional Planning
JF  - Urban and Regional Planning
JO  - Urban and Regional Planning
SP  - 11
EP  - 19
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1697
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.urp.20180301.13
AB  - Historicity, geo-strategic and economic bearing has snatched the discourse on border environments from contemporary geographical literature. Yet, these environments have stoutly become hotspots for violent expression of conflicting entitlements to natural resources and socio-economic opportunities. The Bakassi Peninsula at West Africa’s lone gulf (of Guinea) which replicates par excellence, the combination of resource-space tussle and conflicting territorial claims and resolution approaches between Nigeria and Cameroon, has unravelled major trends and dynamics of commercial activities for communities within the area. Within this politically hotbed peninsula is Ekondo Titi, a commercial hub undergoing significant dynamics in the periods before, during and after the Bakassi Crisis, laid to rest by the Green Tree Accord whose political palliative was no economic panacea to the quantitative and qualitative trade responses in the area especially on the Cameroonian side. This study purposively sampled 100 respondents involving traders, farmers, council workers and other stakeholders in Ekondo Titi of Cameroon. A chi square analysis at 0.05 level of significance with a degree of freedom of 9, portrayed a significant association between commercial sector dynamics and border insecurity in Ekondo Titi especially as trade patterns assumed a three period pendula-like mood. Post crisis trends reveal an increasingly unaccounted and unofficial cash crop trade outflow towards Nigeria in the dearth of practicable road transport infrastructure, warehouses/storage tanks, and other domestic marketing infrastructure. Post crisis trade management exhibits the need for the government of Cameroon to set in robust confidence building measures while drastically enhancing on the transport and market infrastructure.
VL  - 3
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Author Information

Jude Ndzifon Kimengsi

Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Catholic University of Cameroon, Bamenda, Cameroon
Zephania Nji Fogwe

Department of Geography and Planning, University of Bamenda, Bambili, Cameroon
Nebota Catherine Mende

Department of Geography and Planning, University of Bamenda, Bambili, Cameroon

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Jude Ndzifon Kimengsi, Zephania Nji Fogwe, Nebota Catherine Mende. (2018). Cameroon-Nigeria Border Conflict Incidence on Trade Patterns and Dynamics Within Near-Border Settlements of the Bakassi Peninsula, Cameroon. Urban and Regional Planning, 3(1), 11-19. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.urp.20180301.13

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ACS Style

Jude Ndzifon Kimengsi; Zephania Nji Fogwe; Nebota Catherine Mende. Cameroon-Nigeria Border Conflict Incidence on Trade Patterns and Dynamics Within Near-Border Settlements of the Bakassi Peninsula, Cameroon. Urban Reg. Plan. 2018, 3(1), 11-19. doi: 10.11648/j.urp.20180301.13

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AMA Style

Jude Ndzifon Kimengsi, Zephania Nji Fogwe, Nebota Catherine Mende. Cameroon-Nigeria Border Conflict Incidence on Trade Patterns and Dynamics Within Near-Border Settlements of the Bakassi Peninsula, Cameroon. Urban Reg Plan. 2018;3(1):11-19. doi: 10.11648/j.urp.20180301.13

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@article{10.11648/j.urp.20180301.13,
  author = {Jude Ndzifon Kimengsi and Zephania Nji Fogwe and Nebota Catherine Mende},
  title = {Cameroon-Nigeria Border Conflict Incidence on Trade Patterns and Dynamics Within Near-Border Settlements of the Bakassi Peninsula, Cameroon},
  journal = {Urban and Regional Planning},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {11-19},
  doi = {10.11648/j.urp.20180301.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.urp.20180301.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.urp.20180301.13},
  abstract = {Historicity, geo-strategic and economic bearing has snatched the discourse on border environments from contemporary geographical literature. Yet, these environments have stoutly become hotspots for violent expression of conflicting entitlements to natural resources and socio-economic opportunities. The Bakassi Peninsula at West Africa’s lone gulf (of Guinea) which replicates par excellence, the combination of resource-space tussle and conflicting territorial claims and resolution approaches between Nigeria and Cameroon, has unravelled major trends and dynamics of commercial activities for communities within the area. Within this politically hotbed peninsula is Ekondo Titi, a commercial hub undergoing significant dynamics in the periods before, during and after the Bakassi Crisis, laid to rest by the Green Tree Accord whose political palliative was no economic panacea to the quantitative and qualitative trade responses in the area especially on the Cameroonian side. This study purposively sampled 100 respondents involving traders, farmers, council workers and other stakeholders in Ekondo Titi of Cameroon. A chi square analysis at 0.05 level of significance with a degree of freedom of 9, portrayed a significant association between commercial sector dynamics and border insecurity in Ekondo Titi especially as trade patterns assumed a three period pendula-like mood. Post crisis trends reveal an increasingly unaccounted and unofficial cash crop trade outflow towards Nigeria in the dearth of practicable road transport infrastructure, warehouses/storage tanks, and other domestic marketing infrastructure. Post crisis trade management exhibits the need for the government of Cameroon to set in robust confidence building measures while drastically enhancing on the transport and market infrastructure.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Cameroon-Nigeria Border Conflict Incidence on Trade Patterns and Dynamics Within Near-Border Settlements of the Bakassi Peninsula, Cameroon
AU  - Jude Ndzifon Kimengsi
AU  - Zephania Nji Fogwe
AU  - Nebota Catherine Mende
Y1  - 2018/01/19
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.urp.20180301.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.urp.20180301.13
T2  - Urban and Regional Planning
JF  - Urban and Regional Planning
JO  - Urban and Regional Planning
SP  - 11
EP  - 19
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1697
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.urp.20180301.13
AB  - Historicity, geo-strategic and economic bearing has snatched the discourse on border environments from contemporary geographical literature. Yet, these environments have stoutly become hotspots for violent expression of conflicting entitlements to natural resources and socio-economic opportunities. The Bakassi Peninsula at West Africa’s lone gulf (of Guinea) which replicates par excellence, the combination of resource-space tussle and conflicting territorial claims and resolution approaches between Nigeria and Cameroon, has unravelled major trends and dynamics of commercial activities for communities within the area. Within this politically hotbed peninsula is Ekondo Titi, a commercial hub undergoing significant dynamics in the periods before, during and after the Bakassi Crisis, laid to rest by the Green Tree Accord whose political palliative was no economic panacea to the quantitative and qualitative trade responses in the area especially on the Cameroonian side. This study purposively sampled 100 respondents involving traders, farmers, council workers and other stakeholders in Ekondo Titi of Cameroon. A chi square analysis at 0.05 level of significance with a degree of freedom of 9, portrayed a significant association between commercial sector dynamics and border insecurity in Ekondo Titi especially as trade patterns assumed a three period pendula-like mood. Post crisis trends reveal an increasingly unaccounted and unofficial cash crop trade outflow towards Nigeria in the dearth of practicable road transport infrastructure, warehouses/storage tanks, and other domestic marketing infrastructure. Post crisis trade management exhibits the need for the government of Cameroon to set in robust confidence building measures while drastically enhancing on the transport and market infrastructure.
VL  - 3
IS  - 1
ER  -

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