Study on Some Mechanical and Chemical Properties of Agro Residual Briquettes Produced from Date Palm Fronds

Ayman Hafiz Amer Eissa; Abdul Rahman Othman Alghannam

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijsqa.20180402.13

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Study on Some Mechanical and Chemical Properties of Agro Residual Briquettes Produced from Date Palm Fronds

Ayman Hafiz Amer Eissa, Abdul Rahman Othman Alghannam

Published in International Journal of Science and Qualitative Analysis (Volume 4, Issue 2)

Received: 8 December 2017 Accepted: 11 February 2018 Published: 23 April 2018

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Abstract

The agricultural crop residuals are considered one of the most important problems, which face the environmental life and farmers in the world. A study was carried out to evaluate the physical characteristics of chopped date palm stalks (fronds and leaflets). These properties are necessary to apply normal design procedures such as pneumatic conveying, fluidization, drying, and combustion. The mechanical treatment by cutting, crushing or chopping and briquetting processes are the primary step and the suitable solution for solving this problem and recycling these residuals to be transformed into useful products. So the aim of the present work to get a high quality for agriculture residues such as date palm stalks (Fronds), date palm leaflets briquettes. The results obtained from measuring the mechanical properties (average shear and compressive strength) for date palm stalks at different moisture content (12.63, 33.21 and 60.54%) was (6.4, 4.7 and 3.21MPa) and (3.8, 3.18 and 2.86MPa) respectively. The modulus of elasticity and toughness were evaluated as a function of moisture content. As the moisture content of the stalk regions increased the modulus of elasticity and toughness decreased indicating a reduction in the brittleness of the stalk regions. Chopped date palm stalks (Palm fronds), date palm leaflets having moisture content (8, 10 and 12%) and (8, 10 and 12.8% w.b.) were dandified into briquettes without binder and with binder (Urea-Formaldehyde) using a screw press machine. Quality properties for briquettes were durability, compression ratio hardness, bulk density, compression ratio, resiliency, water resistance and gases emission. The optimum quality properties found for briquettes at 8% moisture content and without binder. Where the highest compression stress and durability were 8.95, 10.39 MPa and 97.06%, 93.64% for date palm stalks (Palm fronds), date palm leaflets briquettes, respectively. The CO and CO₂ emissions for date palm stalks (Fronds), date palm leaflets briquettes were less than these for loose residuals.

Published in	International Journal of Science and Qualitative Analysis (Volume 4, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijsqa.20180402.13
Page(s)	42-59
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Residues, Date Palm Stalks, Physical Properties, Chopper, Briquetting, Quality Properties

References

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[2]	Al-Sulaiman F. A. (2003). Date palm fiber reinforced composite as a new insulating material, International Journal of Energy Research 27 (14):1293–1297.
[3]	Amer Eissa A. H.; Gomaa A. H.; Baiomy M. H. and Ibrahim A. A. (2008). Physical and Mechanical characteristics for some agricultural residues. Misr j. Ag. Eng., 25 (1): 121-146.
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[6]	Chattopadhyay, P. S.; and K. P. Pandy (1999). "Mechanical properties of sorghum stalk in relation quasi-static deformation". J. Agri. Eng. Res. 73: 199-206.
[7]	Debdoubi, A.; A. El-amarti.; and E. Colacio (2005) "Production of fuel briquettes from esparto partially pyrolyzed". Energy Conversion and Management, 46, 1877–1884.
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[11]	Fasina, O. O. (2008). "Physical properties of peanut hull pellets." Bioresource Technology, 99, 1259–1266.
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[16]	Nalladurai, K.; and R. V. Morey (2010) "Natural binders and solid bridge type binding mechanisms in briquettes and pellets made from corn Stover and switchgrass". Bioresource Technology, 101, 1082–1090.
[17]	Panwar, V.; B. Prasad.; and K. L. Wasewar (2011) "Biomass Residue Briquetting and Characterization". J. Energy Eng.-ASCE 137, 108–114.
[18]	Shaban, D. A.; and O. M. Sawan (2010). "The Utilization of Agricultural Waste as One of the Environmental Issues in Egypt (A Case Study)". Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 6 (8): 1116-1124.
[19]	Stahl, M.; K. Granstrom.; J. Berghel.; and R. Renstrom (2004). "Industrial processes for biomass drying and their effects on the quality properties of wood pellets." Biomass and Bioenergy 27, 621–628.
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[21]	Yamnan, S.; M. SahanŞahan.; H. Haykiri-Açma.; K. Şeşen.; and S. Küçükbayrak (2001) "Fuel briquettes from biomass-lignite blends". Fuel Process Technol, 72, 1–8.
[22]	Yassine El may, Mejdi Jeguirim, Sophie Dorge, Gwenaelle Trouvé, Rachid Said (2013) Experimental investigation on gaseous emissions from the combustion of date palm residues in laboratory scale furnace Original. Bioresource Technology, Volume 131, Page 94.

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APA Style

Ayman Hafiz Amer Eissa, Abdul Rahman Othman Alghannam. (2018). Study on Some Mechanical and Chemical Properties of Agro Residual Briquettes Produced from Date Palm Fronds. International Journal of Science and Qualitative Analysis, 4(2), 42-59. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsqa.20180402.13

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ACS Style

Ayman Hafiz Amer Eissa; Abdul Rahman Othman Alghannam. Study on Some Mechanical and Chemical Properties of Agro Residual Briquettes Produced from Date Palm Fronds. Int. J. Sci. Qual. Anal. 2018, 4(2), 42-59. doi: 10.11648/j.ijsqa.20180402.13

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AMA Style

Ayman Hafiz Amer Eissa, Abdul Rahman Othman Alghannam. Study on Some Mechanical and Chemical Properties of Agro Residual Briquettes Produced from Date Palm Fronds. Int J Sci Qual Anal. 2018;4(2):42-59. doi: 10.11648/j.ijsqa.20180402.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ijsqa.20180402.13,
  author = {Ayman Hafiz Amer Eissa and Abdul Rahman Othman Alghannam},
  title = {Study on Some Mechanical and Chemical Properties of Agro Residual Briquettes Produced from Date Palm Fronds},
  journal = {International Journal of Science and Qualitative Analysis},
  volume = {4},
  number = {2},
  pages = {42-59},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijsqa.20180402.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsqa.20180402.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijsqa.20180402.13},
  abstract = {The agricultural crop residuals are considered one of the most important problems, which face the environmental life and farmers in the world. A study was carried out to evaluate the physical characteristics of chopped date palm stalks (fronds and leaflets). These properties are necessary to apply normal design procedures such as pneumatic conveying, fluidization, drying, and combustion. The mechanical treatment by cutting, crushing or chopping and briquetting processes are the primary step and the suitable solution for solving this problem and recycling these residuals to be transformed into useful products. So the aim of the present work to get a high quality for agriculture residues such as date palm stalks (Fronds), date palm leaflets briquettes. The results obtained from measuring the mechanical properties (average shear and compressive strength) for date palm stalks at different moisture content (12.63, 33.21 and 60.54%) was (6.4, 4.7 and 3.21MPa) and (3.8, 3.18 and 2.86MPa) respectively. The modulus of elasticity and toughness were evaluated as a function of moisture content. As the moisture content of the stalk regions increased the modulus of elasticity and toughness decreased indicating a reduction in the brittleness of the stalk regions. Chopped date palm stalks (Palm fronds), date palm leaflets having moisture content (8, 10 and 12%) and (8, 10 and 12.8% w.b.) were dandified into briquettes without binder and with binder (Urea-Formaldehyde) using a screw press machine. Quality properties for briquettes were durability, compression ratio hardness, bulk density, compression ratio, resiliency, water resistance and gases emission. The optimum quality properties found for briquettes at 8% moisture content and without binder. Where the highest compression stress and durability were 8.95, 10.39 MPa and 97.06%, 93.64% for date palm stalks (Palm fronds), date palm leaflets briquettes, respectively. The CO and CO2 emissions for date palm stalks (Fronds), date palm leaflets briquettes were less than these for loose residuals.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Study on Some Mechanical and Chemical Properties of Agro Residual Briquettes Produced from Date Palm Fronds
AU  - Ayman Hafiz Amer Eissa
AU  - Abdul Rahman Othman Alghannam
Y1  - 2018/04/23
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsqa.20180402.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijsqa.20180402.13
T2  - International Journal of Science and Qualitative Analysis
JF  - International Journal of Science and Qualitative Analysis
JO  - International Journal of Science and Qualitative Analysis
SP  - 42
EP  - 59
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2469-8164
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsqa.20180402.13
AB  - The agricultural crop residuals are considered one of the most important problems, which face the environmental life and farmers in the world. A study was carried out to evaluate the physical characteristics of chopped date palm stalks (fronds and leaflets). These properties are necessary to apply normal design procedures such as pneumatic conveying, fluidization, drying, and combustion. The mechanical treatment by cutting, crushing or chopping and briquetting processes are the primary step and the suitable solution for solving this problem and recycling these residuals to be transformed into useful products. So the aim of the present work to get a high quality for agriculture residues such as date palm stalks (Fronds), date palm leaflets briquettes. The results obtained from measuring the mechanical properties (average shear and compressive strength) for date palm stalks at different moisture content (12.63, 33.21 and 60.54%) was (6.4, 4.7 and 3.21MPa) and (3.8, 3.18 and 2.86MPa) respectively. The modulus of elasticity and toughness were evaluated as a function of moisture content. As the moisture content of the stalk regions increased the modulus of elasticity and toughness decreased indicating a reduction in the brittleness of the stalk regions. Chopped date palm stalks (Palm fronds), date palm leaflets having moisture content (8, 10 and 12%) and (8, 10 and 12.8% w.b.) were dandified into briquettes without binder and with binder (Urea-Formaldehyde) using a screw press machine. Quality properties for briquettes were durability, compression ratio hardness, bulk density, compression ratio, resiliency, water resistance and gases emission. The optimum quality properties found for briquettes at 8% moisture content and without binder. Where the highest compression stress and durability were 8.95, 10.39 MPa and 97.06%, 93.64% for date palm stalks (Palm fronds), date palm leaflets briquettes, respectively. The CO and CO2 emissions for date palm stalks (Fronds), date palm leaflets briquettes were less than these for loose residuals.
VL  - 4
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Ayman Hafiz Amer Eissa

Agriculture Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufia University, Shibin El-Kom, Egypt
Abdul Rahman Othman Alghannam

Bio-Environmental Engineering Dept., Natural Resources and Environmental Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

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APA Style

Ayman Hafiz Amer Eissa, Abdul Rahman Othman Alghannam. (2018). Study on Some Mechanical and Chemical Properties of Agro Residual Briquettes Produced from Date Palm Fronds. International Journal of Science and Qualitative Analysis, 4(2), 42-59. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsqa.20180402.13

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ACS Style

Ayman Hafiz Amer Eissa; Abdul Rahman Othman Alghannam. Study on Some Mechanical and Chemical Properties of Agro Residual Briquettes Produced from Date Palm Fronds. Int. J. Sci. Qual. Anal. 2018, 4(2), 42-59. doi: 10.11648/j.ijsqa.20180402.13

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AMA Style

Ayman Hafiz Amer Eissa, Abdul Rahman Othman Alghannam. Study on Some Mechanical and Chemical Properties of Agro Residual Briquettes Produced from Date Palm Fronds. Int J Sci Qual Anal. 2018;4(2):42-59. doi: 10.11648/j.ijsqa.20180402.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ijsqa.20180402.13,
  author = {Ayman Hafiz Amer Eissa and Abdul Rahman Othman Alghannam},
  title = {Study on Some Mechanical and Chemical Properties of Agro Residual Briquettes Produced from Date Palm Fronds},
  journal = {International Journal of Science and Qualitative Analysis},
  volume = {4},
  number = {2},
  pages = {42-59},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijsqa.20180402.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsqa.20180402.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijsqa.20180402.13},
  abstract = {The agricultural crop residuals are considered one of the most important problems, which face the environmental life and farmers in the world. A study was carried out to evaluate the physical characteristics of chopped date palm stalks (fronds and leaflets). These properties are necessary to apply normal design procedures such as pneumatic conveying, fluidization, drying, and combustion. The mechanical treatment by cutting, crushing or chopping and briquetting processes are the primary step and the suitable solution for solving this problem and recycling these residuals to be transformed into useful products. So the aim of the present work to get a high quality for agriculture residues such as date palm stalks (Fronds), date palm leaflets briquettes. The results obtained from measuring the mechanical properties (average shear and compressive strength) for date palm stalks at different moisture content (12.63, 33.21 and 60.54%) was (6.4, 4.7 and 3.21MPa) and (3.8, 3.18 and 2.86MPa) respectively. The modulus of elasticity and toughness were evaluated as a function of moisture content. As the moisture content of the stalk regions increased the modulus of elasticity and toughness decreased indicating a reduction in the brittleness of the stalk regions. Chopped date palm stalks (Palm fronds), date palm leaflets having moisture content (8, 10 and 12%) and (8, 10 and 12.8% w.b.) were dandified into briquettes without binder and with binder (Urea-Formaldehyde) using a screw press machine. Quality properties for briquettes were durability, compression ratio hardness, bulk density, compression ratio, resiliency, water resistance and gases emission. The optimum quality properties found for briquettes at 8% moisture content and without binder. Where the highest compression stress and durability were 8.95, 10.39 MPa and 97.06%, 93.64% for date palm stalks (Palm fronds), date palm leaflets briquettes, respectively. The CO and CO2 emissions for date palm stalks (Fronds), date palm leaflets briquettes were less than these for loose residuals.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Study on Some Mechanical and Chemical Properties of Agro Residual Briquettes Produced from Date Palm Fronds
AU  - Ayman Hafiz Amer Eissa
AU  - Abdul Rahman Othman Alghannam
Y1  - 2018/04/23
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsqa.20180402.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijsqa.20180402.13
T2  - International Journal of Science and Qualitative Analysis
JF  - International Journal of Science and Qualitative Analysis
JO  - International Journal of Science and Qualitative Analysis
SP  - 42
EP  - 59
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2469-8164
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsqa.20180402.13
AB  - The agricultural crop residuals are considered one of the most important problems, which face the environmental life and farmers in the world. A study was carried out to evaluate the physical characteristics of chopped date palm stalks (fronds and leaflets). These properties are necessary to apply normal design procedures such as pneumatic conveying, fluidization, drying, and combustion. The mechanical treatment by cutting, crushing or chopping and briquetting processes are the primary step and the suitable solution for solving this problem and recycling these residuals to be transformed into useful products. So the aim of the present work to get a high quality for agriculture residues such as date palm stalks (Fronds), date palm leaflets briquettes. The results obtained from measuring the mechanical properties (average shear and compressive strength) for date palm stalks at different moisture content (12.63, 33.21 and 60.54%) was (6.4, 4.7 and 3.21MPa) and (3.8, 3.18 and 2.86MPa) respectively. The modulus of elasticity and toughness were evaluated as a function of moisture content. As the moisture content of the stalk regions increased the modulus of elasticity and toughness decreased indicating a reduction in the brittleness of the stalk regions. Chopped date palm stalks (Palm fronds), date palm leaflets having moisture content (8, 10 and 12%) and (8, 10 and 12.8% w.b.) were dandified into briquettes without binder and with binder (Urea-Formaldehyde) using a screw press machine. Quality properties for briquettes were durability, compression ratio hardness, bulk density, compression ratio, resiliency, water resistance and gases emission. The optimum quality properties found for briquettes at 8% moisture content and without binder. Where the highest compression stress and durability were 8.95, 10.39 MPa and 97.06%, 93.64% for date palm stalks (Palm fronds), date palm leaflets briquettes, respectively. The CO and CO2 emissions for date palm stalks (Fronds), date palm leaflets briquettes were less than these for loose residuals.
VL  - 4
IS  - 2
ER  -

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