Ethiopia is a source country for many spice exports, with a long history of spice. The average land covered by spices is approximately 222,700 ha with production reaching 244,000 tons per year. More than 50 spices are produced in Ethiopia, and a total potential for low land spice framing estimated to be 200,000 hectares. Spices are considered as minor crops their significance for Ethiopia can hardly be overestimated. Around 12 species which is originated Ethiopia or were introduced very long ago and are considered to be of important. The social, economic and technical situation of Ethiopian agriculture has changed drastically, with the introduction of advance cultivars into country genetic erosion is very likely to occur even in the group of minor crops. In addition extensive erosion of genetic resources of indigenous species with destruction of the natural forest and their habit threaten to the resources. Therefore to solve this problems conservation and utilization of spice genetic resources are crucial. Ethiopian biodiversity institute conserved spice germplasm in ex situ conservation such as seed gene bank and Field gene bank. In addition to this farmers also conserve the spice diversity in the Home garden. Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute, since its establishment, has distributed seed samples to various users. Each year, the gene bank dispatch seed samples for local research activities. 75% of the users are research centers; followed by universities (17%), private researchers (6%) and others (0.1%). The tissue culture development has been taken by different research center and university. This review concluded that in Ethiopian different spice are produced under domesticated and natural categories. Building sustainable in terms of plant genetic resources conservation and utilization should be agenda of international as well as national conference, and also farmers should be educated on why they should conserve diversity in home garden. Ex situ conservation should be more focused on complementing in-situ conservation through in the genetic diversity of very rare species can be better understood.
| Published in | International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management (Volume 6, Issue 4) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ijnrem.20210604.11 |
| Page(s) | 163-170 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Spices, Genetic Resources, Conservation, Utilization, In Situ Conservation, Ex Situ Conservation
| [1] | Masresha Yimer. 2010. Market profile on spices in Ethiopia. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. |
| [2] | FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization). 2005. Herbs, spices and essential oils post- harvest operations in developing countries, by M. Douglas, J. Heyes & B. Smallfield, Rome. |
| [3] | (Gatefarms International Trade). 2016. Ethiopian spices & market potentials, Sebeta, Ethiopia. |
| [4] | Habtewold Kifelew, Demes Fikere, Tewodros Luleseged, Dejene Bekele, Haimanot Mitiku and Wakjira Getachew. 2017. Seed spices production guideline. Ethiopian institute of agricultural research Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. |
| [5] | Dessalegn Gachena. 2015. Analysis of Factors Determining the Supply of Ethiopian Cardamom Spice (Aframomum corrorima): A Case from Bench Maji Zone of SNNPR, Ethiopia. European Journal of Business and Management, 7 (1): 56-63. |
| [6] | ITC (International Trade Centre). 2010. Spice Sub-Sector Strategy for Ethiopia. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (2 times in the main topics). |
| [7] | E. Goettsch. 2009. Spice germplam in Ethiopia. Ethiopian plant genetic resources of Ethiopia, PP: 123-130. |
| [8] | Jansen. 1981. Spice, condiments and medicinal plants in Ethiopia, their taxonomy and agricultural significant. |
| [9] | Hailemichael. 2016. Spice Research Achievements Challenges and future prospects in Ethiopia. Academic research journal (ARJASR), 4 (1): 9-17. |
| [10] | IOES (Investment opportunity in the Ethiopia spices). 2015. Spices sub-sector. |
| [11] | Tariku H, Kassahun S, Gezahegne G (2016). First report of ginger (Zingiber officinale) bacterial wilt disease in Ethiopia. Res. J. Agriculture and Forestry Sci. 4 (4): 5-9. Weiss EA. 2002. Spices crops, CABI Publishing. |
| [12] | Habetewold K, Bekele K, Kasahun S, Tariku H (2015a). Prevalence of bacterial wilt of ginger (Z. Officinale Rosc.) caused by Ralstonia solansearum (Smith) in Ethiopia. International Journal of Research Studies in Agricultural Sciences (IJRSAS), 1 (6): 14-22. |
| [13] | Ethiopian spice industry investment potential, 2020. |
| [14] | Esquinas-Alcazar, J. T. T. 1987. Plant Genetic Resources: a base for food security. Ceres, The FAO Review 118: 39-45. |
| [15] | EIAR. 2008. Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research. Root and Tuber Crops: The Untapped Resources. Ethiopia Institute of Agricultural Research, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. |
| [16] | Institute of Biodiversity Conservation, Ethiopia: Second Country Report on the state of PGRFA to FAO, Rome, Italy, 2007 try Report on the State of PGRFA to FAO, FAO, Rome, Italy, 2007. |
| [17] | T. I. Borokini, A. U. Okere, A. o. Giwa, B. O. Daramola, and W. T. Odofin Biodiversity and conservation of plant genetic resources in Field Gene bank of the national Center for Biotechnology, Ibadan, Nigeria, the international journal of Biodiversity and conservation, Vol, 2. PP. 37-50. 2010. |
| [18] | M. Antofie, ‘Current political commitments Challenges for ex situ conservation of plant genetic for food and agriculture. ‘Analele University din Oradea- Fascicula Biology, Vol. 18, PP. 157-163, 2011. |
| [19] | E. D. Kiaer. L. Graudal, and I. Nathan, Ex situ conservation of commercial tropical trees, options and constraints, Danida forest seed center, Humlebaek, Denmark, 2001. |
| [20] | Institute of Biodiversity Conservation, Ethiopia: third Country Report on the state of PGRFA to FAO, Rome, Italy, 2012 try Report on the State of PGRFA to FAO, FAO, Rome, Italy, 2012. |
| [21] | Tolera B, DiroM, Belew D (2014). Invitro aseptic culture establishement of sugarcane (saccharum officinarum L.) varities using shoot tip explants. Advance in crop science and Technology, 2 (3): 1-6. |
| [22] | Yifter M. Shbatu DB Mekbib F, Abraha E (2015). Invitro regeneration of four Ethiopian Varieties of Sesamum indicumL.) using another culture. Asian Journal of plant science -12 (5): 214-218. |
| [23] | Derso C, Feyissa T (2015). Micropropgation of Yeheb from shoot tip: An endangered multipurpose Shrub. Plant Science international, 2: 01-12. |
| [24] | Tefera Ayaenew B, W, Kassahune B (2012). Invitro propagation of Ethiopian ginger (Zingiber officinale) cultivars: Evaluation o explants types. |
| [25] | Hailu T, Abera B, Daksa J (2015). In vitro direct organogenesis protocol for mass propagation of an elite Ethiopian hot pepper (Capsicum annaumL) Cultivar: Mareko Fana. American Joutnal of plant sience, 6: 1435-1443. |
| [26] | Tefera W, Wannakraiori S (2006). Synergistic effects of some proliferation of Korarima (Afamomum corrorima (Braun) Jansen), African journal of Biotechnology, 5 (10): 1894-1901. |
| [27] | A. Abraham, Agricultural biotechnology research and development, African journal of Biotechnology, 8 (5), 7196-7204 (2009). |
| [28] | M. E. Dulloo, D. Hunter, and T. Borelli, “Ex situ and in situ conservation of agricultural biodiversity: major advances and research needs,” Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 123–135, 2010. View at: Google Scholar. |
| [29] | Hodgkin T. Home gardens and the maintenance of genetic diversity. In: Watson JW, Eyzaguirre PB, editors. Proceedings of the second international home gardens workshop: contribution of home gardens to in situ conservation of plant genetic resources in farming systems: 17–19 July 2001. Rome: International Plant Genetic Resources Institute; 2002. p. 14–8. |
| [30] | Brownrigg L. Homegardening in international development: What the literature shows. League for International Food Education: Washington; 1985. |
| [31] | Agize M, Demissew S, Asfaw Z. Indigenous knowledge on management of home gardens and plants in Loma and Gena Bosa districts (weredas) of Dawro Zone, Southern Ethiopia: plant biodiversity conservation, sustainable utilization and environmental protection. Int J Sci: Basic Appl Res (IJSBAR). 2013; 10: 63–99. |
| [32] | Godbole A. Maintenance of biodiversity. In: Rastogi A, Godbole A, Shengii P, editors. Applied ethnobotany in natural resources management. Nepal: International Center for Integrated Mountain Development; 1998. p. 9–12. |
| [33] | Okigbo NB. Homegardens in tropical Africa. In: Landauer K, Brazil M, editors. Tropical homegardens. Tokyo: UNU; 1990. p. 21–40. |
| [34] | Padoch C, Jong W. The house gardens of Santa Rosa: diversity and variability in an Amazonian agricultural system. Econ Bot. 1991; 45: 166–75. |
| [35] | Asfaw Z. Home gardens in Ethiopia: some observations and generalizations. In: Watson JW, Eyzaguirre PB, editors. Proceedings of the second international home gardens workshop: contribution of home gardens to in situ conservation of plant genetic resources in farming systems, 17–19 July 2001. Rome: International Plant Genetic Resources Institute; 2002. p. 128139. |
| [36] | Asfaw Z. The role of homegardens in the production and conservation of medicinal plants. In: Zewdu M, Demissie A, editors. Proceedings of the National workshop on biodiversity conservation and sustainable use of medicinal plants in Ethiopia: 28 April - 01 May 1998. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Institute of Biodiversity Conservation and Research; 2001. p. 76–91. |
| [37] | Kumar BM, Nair PKR. The enigma of tropical homegardens. Agrofor Syst. 2004; 61: 135–52. |
| [38] | Asfaw Z. Homegarden and agrobiodiversity. In: Eyzaguirre PB, Linares OF, editors. The enset based homegardens of Ethiopia. Washington: Smithsonian Institution; 2004. p. 123–47. |
| [39] | Abebayehu F. Homegarden plant diversity and their use category in Sinan district, East Gojjam zone of Amhara Region. Requirement for the award of a degree of Masters dissertation Adiss Ababa University, Adiss Ababa, 2016. |
| [40] | Reta R (2016) useful plant species diversity in homegardnes and its contribution to household food security in Hawassa city, Ethiopia. Africa journal of plant Science 10 (10) 211-233. |
| [41] | Mekonen T, M, Giday and Kelbessa E. Ethnobotanical study of homegarden plants in Sebeta-Awas District of the Oromia Region of Ethiopia to assess use, species diversity and management practices; 2015. 11: 64. |
| [42] | Amberber M, Aregaw M, Z, Asfaw. The role of homegardnes for insitu conservation of plant biodiversity in Holeta Town, Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia. International Journal of biodiversity and conservation. 6 (1). PP. 8-16. |
| [43] | Edossa E (1998b). Spice research achievements and experiences. Research report No 33. Institute of Agricultural Research, Adiss Ababa Ethiopia, PP 5: 54. |
| [44] | Girma H, Habtewold K and Haimanot M (2016) Spices Research Achievement, challenges and future prospects in Ethiopia, Academic Research journal of agricultural Sience and Research 4 (1), 9-17. |
| [45] | Edossa E (1998a). Recommendation for spices production in humid areas of Ethiopia in Beyene s, Abera D (eds) Agricultural Research and Technology transfer Attempts and achievements in western Ethiopia proceeding of the 3rd Technology Generation Transfer and Gap analysis of workshop, Nekemt Ethiopia, PP 47-58. |
| [46] | Girma h, Digafie T (2008). The effect of stage of maturity at harvest on the quality on the quality of five pepper (Piper nigraum L) Cultivars. In: Lemma D Endale G, Hailemichael Km Zenebe W Tefera B, Asfaw Z, Lakew B (eds) Ethiopian Horticultural Science society (EHSS) Volume 1: proceedings of the first inaugural conference, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, pp 211-214. |
| [47] | Chaudhary A. S., Sachan S. K, Singh R. L, 2006. Studies on varietal performance of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), Indian Journal of Crop Science 1 (2006) 189-190. |
| [48] | Habetewold K, Dejene B, Lemi Y, Abukiya G, Wakjira G, Girma H and Haimanot M, 2018. Result of Turmeric Variety Trial in Ethiopia. International Journal of Research studies in Agricultural Science. PP 34-38. |
APA Style
Alemnew Muchie. (2021). Current Status of Spice Genetic Resources Conservation and Utilization in Ethiopia: A Review. International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, 6(4), 163-170. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnrem.20210604.11
ACS Style
Alemnew Muchie. Current Status of Spice Genetic Resources Conservation and Utilization in Ethiopia: A Review. Int. J. Nat. Resour. Ecol. Manag. 2021, 6(4), 163-170. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnrem.20210604.11
AMA Style
Alemnew Muchie. Current Status of Spice Genetic Resources Conservation and Utilization in Ethiopia: A Review. Int J Nat Resour Ecol Manag. 2021;6(4):163-170. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnrem.20210604.11
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.ijnrem.20210604.11,
author = {Alemnew Muchie},
title = {Current Status of Spice Genetic Resources Conservation and Utilization in Ethiopia: A Review},
journal = {International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management},
volume = {6},
number = {4},
pages = {163-170},
doi = {10.11648/j.ijnrem.20210604.11},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnrem.20210604.11},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijnrem.20210604.11},
abstract = {Ethiopia is a source country for many spice exports, with a long history of spice. The average land covered by spices is approximately 222,700 ha with production reaching 244,000 tons per year. More than 50 spices are produced in Ethiopia, and a total potential for low land spice framing estimated to be 200,000 hectares. Spices are considered as minor crops their significance for Ethiopia can hardly be overestimated. Around 12 species which is originated Ethiopia or were introduced very long ago and are considered to be of important. The social, economic and technical situation of Ethiopian agriculture has changed drastically, with the introduction of advance cultivars into country genetic erosion is very likely to occur even in the group of minor crops. In addition extensive erosion of genetic resources of indigenous species with destruction of the natural forest and their habit threaten to the resources. Therefore to solve this problems conservation and utilization of spice genetic resources are crucial. Ethiopian biodiversity institute conserved spice germplasm in ex situ conservation such as seed gene bank and Field gene bank. In addition to this farmers also conserve the spice diversity in the Home garden. Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute, since its establishment, has distributed seed samples to various users. Each year, the gene bank dispatch seed samples for local research activities. 75% of the users are research centers; followed by universities (17%), private researchers (6%) and others (0.1%). The tissue culture development has been taken by different research center and university. This review concluded that in Ethiopian different spice are produced under domesticated and natural categories. Building sustainable in terms of plant genetic resources conservation and utilization should be agenda of international as well as national conference, and also farmers should be educated on why they should conserve diversity in home garden. Ex situ conservation should be more focused on complementing in-situ conservation through in the genetic diversity of very rare species can be better understood.},
year = {2021}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Current Status of Spice Genetic Resources Conservation and Utilization in Ethiopia: A Review AU - Alemnew Muchie Y1 - 2021/11/23 PY - 2021 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnrem.20210604.11 DO - 10.11648/j.ijnrem.20210604.11 T2 - International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management JF - International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management JO - International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management SP - 163 EP - 170 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2575-3061 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnrem.20210604.11 AB - Ethiopia is a source country for many spice exports, with a long history of spice. The average land covered by spices is approximately 222,700 ha with production reaching 244,000 tons per year. More than 50 spices are produced in Ethiopia, and a total potential for low land spice framing estimated to be 200,000 hectares. Spices are considered as minor crops their significance for Ethiopia can hardly be overestimated. Around 12 species which is originated Ethiopia or were introduced very long ago and are considered to be of important. The social, economic and technical situation of Ethiopian agriculture has changed drastically, with the introduction of advance cultivars into country genetic erosion is very likely to occur even in the group of minor crops. In addition extensive erosion of genetic resources of indigenous species with destruction of the natural forest and their habit threaten to the resources. Therefore to solve this problems conservation and utilization of spice genetic resources are crucial. Ethiopian biodiversity institute conserved spice germplasm in ex situ conservation such as seed gene bank and Field gene bank. In addition to this farmers also conserve the spice diversity in the Home garden. Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute, since its establishment, has distributed seed samples to various users. Each year, the gene bank dispatch seed samples for local research activities. 75% of the users are research centers; followed by universities (17%), private researchers (6%) and others (0.1%). The tissue culture development has been taken by different research center and university. This review concluded that in Ethiopian different spice are produced under domesticated and natural categories. Building sustainable in terms of plant genetic resources conservation and utilization should be agenda of international as well as national conference, and also farmers should be educated on why they should conserve diversity in home garden. Ex situ conservation should be more focused on complementing in-situ conservation through in the genetic diversity of very rare species can be better understood. VL - 6 IS - 4 ER -
Information
Email: