Livelihoods Means and Local Populations Strategies of the Luki’s Biosphere Reserve in Democratic Republic of Congo

Jean Semeki Ngabinzeke; Yves Meyanga Tongo

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijnrem.20190402.12

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Livelihoods Means and Local Populations Strategies of the Luki’s Biosphere Reserve in Democratic Republic of Congo

Jean Semeki Ngabinzeke, Yves Meyanga Tongo

Published in International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management (Volume 4, Issue 2)

Received: 5 March 2019 Accepted: 13 April 2019 Published: 17 May 2019

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Abstract

The Luki’s Biosphere Reserve (LBR), latter remnant Mayombe’s forest in Democratic Republic of Congo, is exposed to a prominent human pressure. After the independence process that occurred in the country, the “zaïrianization’’ policy of nationalization lead to the agro-industrial collapse. Face to that situational configuration and then compelled to unemployment, the population turned on forest activities, such as, slash and burn shifting cultivation, carbonization, operating timber and hunt, which tend to be their main basic live hoods means. The problem of this study is, based on how local populations tend to survive despite the crises and above any lack of support? Responding to that preoccupation, an investigation focus on systemic analyses of various ways of subsidence had been realized in four (04) local villages of the reserve: Kinzua-Mvuete, Kikalu, Kiyalala, Kiyangala. Data’s collecting through a systemic approach and analysis shown a serious dependence toward forest resources; in a stamped context of demographical progression, generalized by poverty and weaknesses of environmental governance, the populations have developed several strategies of survive in terms of, intensification, diversification and migration. Those assorted activities consisted especially to the non-respect of the fallow period, the land dispute, the felling of small diameter trees, the modification of land use, conducting to deforestation and to degradation, increase therefore misery. In order to reconcile the objectives of development and conservation: agroforestry, fish farming, beekeeping, and sensitization have been suggested.

Published in	International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management (Volume 4, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijnrem.20190402.12
Page(s)	42-49
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Livelihoods Means, Strategies, Local Populations, Luki Biosphere Reserve, Anthropic Pressures, Environmental Governance

References

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[8]	Kakelengwa, B., Benneker, C., Matata, P. et Muganguzi, I. (2016). La foresterie communautaire face aux dynamiques locales de la gestion des forêts à l’Est de la RD Congo. Tropenbos International RD Congo, Wagenigen, Pays-Bas.
[9]	Kipalu, P., Lassana, K., Bouchra, S., Vig, S. et Loyombo, W.. (2016). Sécuriser les droits des peuples forestiers et combattre la déforestation en République démocratique du Congo: Moteurs de la déforestation, impacts locaux et solutions basée sur les droits. Forest Peoples Programme (FPP), Royaume-Uni.
[10]	Maindo, A., et Kapa, F. (2014). La foresterie communautaire en RDC: premières expériences, défis et opportunités. Tropenbos International RD Congo.
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[14]	Nyange, N. M. (2014). Participation des communautés locales et gestion durable des forêts: Cas de la Réserve de Biosphère de Luki en RDC, Thèse de doctorat, Université de Laval et Université de Kinshasa.
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APA Style

Jean Semeki Ngabinzeke, Yves Meyanga Tongo. (2019). Livelihoods Means and Local Populations Strategies of the Luki’s Biosphere Reserve in Democratic Republic of Congo. International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, 4(2), 42-49. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnrem.20190402.12

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ACS Style

Jean Semeki Ngabinzeke; Yves Meyanga Tongo. Livelihoods Means and Local Populations Strategies of the Luki’s Biosphere Reserve in Democratic Republic of Congo. Int. J. Nat. Resour. Ecol. Manag. 2019, 4(2), 42-49. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnrem.20190402.12

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AMA Style

Jean Semeki Ngabinzeke, Yves Meyanga Tongo. Livelihoods Means and Local Populations Strategies of the Luki’s Biosphere Reserve in Democratic Republic of Congo. Int J Nat Resour Ecol Manag. 2019;4(2):42-49. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnrem.20190402.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijnrem.20190402.12,
  author = {Jean Semeki Ngabinzeke and Yves Meyanga Tongo},
  title = {Livelihoods Means and Local Populations Strategies of the Luki’s Biosphere Reserve in Democratic Republic of Congo},
  journal = {International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management},
  volume = {4},
  number = {2},
  pages = {42-49},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijnrem.20190402.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnrem.20190402.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijnrem.20190402.12},
  abstract = {The Luki’s Biosphere Reserve (LBR), latter remnant Mayombe’s forest in Democratic Republic of Congo, is exposed to a prominent human pressure. After the independence process that occurred in the country, the “zaïrianization’’ policy of nationalization lead to the agro-industrial collapse. Face to that situational configuration and then compelled to unemployment, the population turned on forest activities, such as, slash and burn shifting cultivation, carbonization, operating timber and hunt, which tend to be their main basic live hoods means. The problem of this study is, based on how local populations tend to survive despite the crises and above any lack of support? Responding to that preoccupation, an investigation focus on systemic analyses of various ways of subsidence had been realized in four (04) local villages of the reserve: Kinzua-Mvuete, Kikalu, Kiyalala, Kiyangala. Data’s collecting through a systemic approach and analysis shown a serious dependence toward forest resources; in a stamped context of demographical progression, generalized by poverty and weaknesses of environmental governance, the populations have developed several strategies of survive in terms of, intensification, diversification and migration. Those assorted activities consisted especially to the non-respect of the fallow period, the land dispute, the felling of small diameter trees, the modification of land use, conducting to deforestation and to degradation, increase therefore misery. In order to reconcile the objectives of development and conservation: agroforestry, fish farming, beekeeping, and sensitization have been suggested.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Livelihoods Means and Local Populations Strategies of the Luki’s Biosphere Reserve in Democratic Republic of Congo
AU  - Jean Semeki Ngabinzeke
AU  - Yves Meyanga Tongo
Y1  - 2019/05/17
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnrem.20190402.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijnrem.20190402.12
T2  - International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management
JF  - International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management
JO  - International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management
SP  - 42
EP  - 49
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-3061
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnrem.20190402.12
AB  - The Luki’s Biosphere Reserve (LBR), latter remnant Mayombe’s forest in Democratic Republic of Congo, is exposed to a prominent human pressure. After the independence process that occurred in the country, the “zaïrianization’’ policy of nationalization lead to the agro-industrial collapse. Face to that situational configuration and then compelled to unemployment, the population turned on forest activities, such as, slash and burn shifting cultivation, carbonization, operating timber and hunt, which tend to be their main basic live hoods means. The problem of this study is, based on how local populations tend to survive despite the crises and above any lack of support? Responding to that preoccupation, an investigation focus on systemic analyses of various ways of subsidence had been realized in four (04) local villages of the reserve: Kinzua-Mvuete, Kikalu, Kiyalala, Kiyangala. Data’s collecting through a systemic approach and analysis shown a serious dependence toward forest resources; in a stamped context of demographical progression, generalized by poverty and weaknesses of environmental governance, the populations have developed several strategies of survive in terms of, intensification, diversification and migration. Those assorted activities consisted especially to the non-respect of the fallow period, the land dispute, the felling of small diameter trees, the modification of land use, conducting to deforestation and to degradation, increase therefore misery. In order to reconcile the objectives of development and conservation: agroforestry, fish farming, beekeeping, and sensitization have been suggested.
VL  - 4
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Jean Semeki Ngabinzeke

Naturel Resources Management Department, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)
Yves Meyanga Tongo

Agro Economist and Tropical Forests and Land Management in the National Center of Education of the Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroon

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APA Style

Jean Semeki Ngabinzeke, Yves Meyanga Tongo. (2019). Livelihoods Means and Local Populations Strategies of the Luki’s Biosphere Reserve in Democratic Republic of Congo. International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, 4(2), 42-49. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnrem.20190402.12

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ACS Style

Jean Semeki Ngabinzeke; Yves Meyanga Tongo. Livelihoods Means and Local Populations Strategies of the Luki’s Biosphere Reserve in Democratic Republic of Congo. Int. J. Nat. Resour. Ecol. Manag. 2019, 4(2), 42-49. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnrem.20190402.12

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AMA Style

Jean Semeki Ngabinzeke, Yves Meyanga Tongo. Livelihoods Means and Local Populations Strategies of the Luki’s Biosphere Reserve in Democratic Republic of Congo. Int J Nat Resour Ecol Manag. 2019;4(2):42-49. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnrem.20190402.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijnrem.20190402.12,
  author = {Jean Semeki Ngabinzeke and Yves Meyanga Tongo},
  title = {Livelihoods Means and Local Populations Strategies of the Luki’s Biosphere Reserve in Democratic Republic of Congo},
  journal = {International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management},
  volume = {4},
  number = {2},
  pages = {42-49},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijnrem.20190402.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnrem.20190402.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijnrem.20190402.12},
  abstract = {The Luki’s Biosphere Reserve (LBR), latter remnant Mayombe’s forest in Democratic Republic of Congo, is exposed to a prominent human pressure. After the independence process that occurred in the country, the “zaïrianization’’ policy of nationalization lead to the agro-industrial collapse. Face to that situational configuration and then compelled to unemployment, the population turned on forest activities, such as, slash and burn shifting cultivation, carbonization, operating timber and hunt, which tend to be their main basic live hoods means. The problem of this study is, based on how local populations tend to survive despite the crises and above any lack of support? Responding to that preoccupation, an investigation focus on systemic analyses of various ways of subsidence had been realized in four (04) local villages of the reserve: Kinzua-Mvuete, Kikalu, Kiyalala, Kiyangala. Data’s collecting through a systemic approach and analysis shown a serious dependence toward forest resources; in a stamped context of demographical progression, generalized by poverty and weaknesses of environmental governance, the populations have developed several strategies of survive in terms of, intensification, diversification and migration. Those assorted activities consisted especially to the non-respect of the fallow period, the land dispute, the felling of small diameter trees, the modification of land use, conducting to deforestation and to degradation, increase therefore misery. In order to reconcile the objectives of development and conservation: agroforestry, fish farming, beekeeping, and sensitization have been suggested.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Livelihoods Means and Local Populations Strategies of the Luki’s Biosphere Reserve in Democratic Republic of Congo
AU  - Jean Semeki Ngabinzeke
AU  - Yves Meyanga Tongo
Y1  - 2019/05/17
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnrem.20190402.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijnrem.20190402.12
T2  - International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management
JF  - International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management
JO  - International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management
SP  - 42
EP  - 49
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-3061
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnrem.20190402.12
AB  - The Luki’s Biosphere Reserve (LBR), latter remnant Mayombe’s forest in Democratic Republic of Congo, is exposed to a prominent human pressure. After the independence process that occurred in the country, the “zaïrianization’’ policy of nationalization lead to the agro-industrial collapse. Face to that situational configuration and then compelled to unemployment, the population turned on forest activities, such as, slash and burn shifting cultivation, carbonization, operating timber and hunt, which tend to be their main basic live hoods means. The problem of this study is, based on how local populations tend to survive despite the crises and above any lack of support? Responding to that preoccupation, an investigation focus on systemic analyses of various ways of subsidence had been realized in four (04) local villages of the reserve: Kinzua-Mvuete, Kikalu, Kiyalala, Kiyangala. Data’s collecting through a systemic approach and analysis shown a serious dependence toward forest resources; in a stamped context of demographical progression, generalized by poverty and weaknesses of environmental governance, the populations have developed several strategies of survive in terms of, intensification, diversification and migration. Those assorted activities consisted especially to the non-respect of the fallow period, the land dispute, the felling of small diameter trees, the modification of land use, conducting to deforestation and to degradation, increase therefore misery. In order to reconcile the objectives of development and conservation: agroforestry, fish farming, beekeeping, and sensitization have been suggested.
VL  - 4
IS  - 2
ER  -

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