Spatial and Seasonal Assessment of Heavy Metals in Surface Waters of the Middleton River in the Niger Delta, Nigeria

Ayobami Aigberua; Timi Tarawou; Cyprian Abasi

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijnrem.20170205.12

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Spatial and Seasonal Assessment of Heavy Metals in Surface Waters of the Middleton River in the Niger Delta, Nigeria

Ayobami Aigberua, Timi Tarawou, Cyprian Abasi

Published in International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management (Volume 2, Issue 5)

Received: 5 October 2017 Accepted: 19 October 2017 Published: 15 November 2017

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Abstract

This study was aimed at assessing the bioavailability of heavy metals in the surface water of the Middleton river which is a tributary of the river Nun located in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria. Samples were collected at points within and around oil and gas installations in the area while control points were chosen farther from identified pollution point sources. Three replicate samples were collected for each sampling and control location on a biannual basis for two months (March and August 2017) to reflect the dry and wet seasons respectively. A total of forty-two surface water samples were analyzed for heavy metals using standard methods as given in APHA. Heavy metal variables which were examined indicated significant difference between the locations and the two seasons under study (p<0.05). Dry season heavy metals mean were: Fe (6.55 ± 2.36 mg/l and 7.39 ± 1.35 mg/l); Cr (0.43 ± 0.09 mg/l and 0.34 ± 0.02 mg/l); Mn (0.22 ± 0.31 mg/l and 0.02 ± <0.01 mg/l) and Zn (0.04 ± 0.03 mg/l and 0.01 ± <0.01 mg/l) representing five sampling and two control locations respectively. Wet season heavy metal mean levels were relatively lower when compared to the dry season and depicted values of Fe (4.91 ± 2.55 mg/l and 5.46 ± 2.09 mg/l); Cr (0.27 ± 0.05 mg/l and 0.23 ± 0.01 mg/l); Mn (0.13 ± 0.25 mg/l and <0.01 ± <0.01 mg/l) and Zn (0.01 ± 0.01 mg/l and <0.01 ± <0.01 mg/l) across five sampling and two control locations respectively. All other heavy metals analyzed such as Cd, Ni, Co, Pb, and Cu was found to be below the detection limit of the GBC Avanta PM A6600 - Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The iron and chromium levels found in the Middleton river exceeded permissible limits of DPR, FME, WHO and NESREA while chromium and zinc were within permissible limits of regulatory stipulations. Lower concentration of heavy metals in the wet season could be due to dilution effects while the absence of undetected heavy metals may depict that activities leaching out this heavy metals are not common in the study area.

Published in	International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management (Volume 2, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijnrem.20170205.12
Page(s)	94-98
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Bioavailability, Physicochemical Parameters, Middleton River, Niger Delta, Water Quality

References

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APA Style

Ayobami Aigberua, Timi Tarawou, Cyprian Abasi. (2017). Spatial and Seasonal Assessment of Heavy Metals in Surface Waters of the Middleton River in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, 2(5), 94-98. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnrem.20170205.12

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ACS Style

Ayobami Aigberua; Timi Tarawou; Cyprian Abasi. Spatial and Seasonal Assessment of Heavy Metals in Surface Waters of the Middleton River in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Int. J. Nat. Resour. Ecol. Manag. 2017, 2(5), 94-98. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnrem.20170205.12

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AMA Style

Ayobami Aigberua, Timi Tarawou, Cyprian Abasi. Spatial and Seasonal Assessment of Heavy Metals in Surface Waters of the Middleton River in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Int J Nat Resour Ecol Manag. 2017;2(5):94-98. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnrem.20170205.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijnrem.20170205.12,
  author = {Ayobami Aigberua and Timi Tarawou and Cyprian Abasi},
  title = {Spatial and Seasonal Assessment of Heavy Metals in Surface Waters of the Middleton River in the Niger Delta, Nigeria},
  journal = {International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management},
  volume = {2},
  number = {5},
  pages = {94-98},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijnrem.20170205.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnrem.20170205.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijnrem.20170205.12},
  abstract = {This study was aimed at assessing the bioavailability of heavy metals in the surface water of the Middleton river which is a tributary of the river Nun located in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria. Samples were collected at points within and around oil and gas installations in the area while control points were chosen farther from identified pollution point sources. Three replicate samples were collected for each sampling and control location on a biannual basis for two months (March and August 2017) to reflect the dry and wet seasons respectively. A total of forty-two surface water samples were analyzed for heavy metals using standard methods as given in APHA. Heavy metal variables which were examined indicated significant difference between the locations and the two seasons under study (p<0.05). Dry season heavy metals mean were: Fe (6.55 ± 2.36 mg/l and 7.39 ± 1.35 mg/l); Cr (0.43 ± 0.09 mg/l and 0.34 ± 0.02 mg/l); Mn (0.22 ± 0.31 mg/l and 0.02 ± <0.01 mg/l) and Zn (0.04 ± 0.03 mg/l and 0.01 ± <0.01 mg/l) representing five sampling and two control locations respectively. Wet season heavy metal mean levels were relatively lower when compared to the dry season and depicted values of Fe (4.91 ± 2.55 mg/l and 5.46 ± 2.09 mg/l); Cr (0.27 ± 0.05 mg/l and 0.23 ± 0.01 mg/l); Mn (0.13 ± 0.25 mg/l and <0.01 ± <0.01 mg/l) and Zn (0.01 ± 0.01 mg/l and <0.01 ± <0.01 mg/l) across five sampling and two control locations respectively. All other heavy metals analyzed such as Cd, Ni, Co, Pb, and Cu was found to be below the detection limit of the GBC Avanta PM A6600 - Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The iron and chromium levels found in the Middleton river exceeded permissible limits of DPR, FME, WHO and NESREA while chromium and zinc were within permissible limits of regulatory stipulations. Lower concentration of heavy metals in the wet season could be due to dilution effects while the absence of undetected heavy metals may depict that activities leaching out this heavy metals are not common in the study area.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Spatial and Seasonal Assessment of Heavy Metals in Surface Waters of the Middleton River in the Niger Delta, Nigeria
AU  - Ayobami Aigberua
AU  - Timi Tarawou
AU  - Cyprian Abasi
Y1  - 2017/11/15
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnrem.20170205.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijnrem.20170205.12
T2  - International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management
JF  - International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management
JO  - International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management
SP  - 94
EP  - 98
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-3061
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnrem.20170205.12
AB  - This study was aimed at assessing the bioavailability of heavy metals in the surface water of the Middleton river which is a tributary of the river Nun located in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria. Samples were collected at points within and around oil and gas installations in the area while control points were chosen farther from identified pollution point sources. Three replicate samples were collected for each sampling and control location on a biannual basis for two months (March and August 2017) to reflect the dry and wet seasons respectively. A total of forty-two surface water samples were analyzed for heavy metals using standard methods as given in APHA. Heavy metal variables which were examined indicated significant difference between the locations and the two seasons under study (p<0.05). Dry season heavy metals mean were: Fe (6.55 ± 2.36 mg/l and 7.39 ± 1.35 mg/l); Cr (0.43 ± 0.09 mg/l and 0.34 ± 0.02 mg/l); Mn (0.22 ± 0.31 mg/l and 0.02 ± <0.01 mg/l) and Zn (0.04 ± 0.03 mg/l and 0.01 ± <0.01 mg/l) representing five sampling and two control locations respectively. Wet season heavy metal mean levels were relatively lower when compared to the dry season and depicted values of Fe (4.91 ± 2.55 mg/l and 5.46 ± 2.09 mg/l); Cr (0.27 ± 0.05 mg/l and 0.23 ± 0.01 mg/l); Mn (0.13 ± 0.25 mg/l and <0.01 ± <0.01 mg/l) and Zn (0.01 ± 0.01 mg/l and <0.01 ± <0.01 mg/l) across five sampling and two control locations respectively. All other heavy metals analyzed such as Cd, Ni, Co, Pb, and Cu was found to be below the detection limit of the GBC Avanta PM A6600 - Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The iron and chromium levels found in the Middleton river exceeded permissible limits of DPR, FME, WHO and NESREA while chromium and zinc were within permissible limits of regulatory stipulations. Lower concentration of heavy metals in the wet season could be due to dilution effects while the absence of undetected heavy metals may depict that activities leaching out this heavy metals are not common in the study area.
VL  - 2
IS  - 5
ER  -

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Author Information

Ayobami Aigberua

Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Nigeria
Timi Tarawou

Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Nigeria
Cyprian Abasi

Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Nigeria

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APA Style

Ayobami Aigberua, Timi Tarawou, Cyprian Abasi. (2017). Spatial and Seasonal Assessment of Heavy Metals in Surface Waters of the Middleton River in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, 2(5), 94-98. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnrem.20170205.12

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ACS Style

Ayobami Aigberua; Timi Tarawou; Cyprian Abasi. Spatial and Seasonal Assessment of Heavy Metals in Surface Waters of the Middleton River in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Int. J. Nat. Resour. Ecol. Manag. 2017, 2(5), 94-98. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnrem.20170205.12

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AMA Style

Ayobami Aigberua, Timi Tarawou, Cyprian Abasi. Spatial and Seasonal Assessment of Heavy Metals in Surface Waters of the Middleton River in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Int J Nat Resour Ecol Manag. 2017;2(5):94-98. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnrem.20170205.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijnrem.20170205.12,
  author = {Ayobami Aigberua and Timi Tarawou and Cyprian Abasi},
  title = {Spatial and Seasonal Assessment of Heavy Metals in Surface Waters of the Middleton River in the Niger Delta, Nigeria},
  journal = {International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management},
  volume = {2},
  number = {5},
  pages = {94-98},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijnrem.20170205.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnrem.20170205.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijnrem.20170205.12},
  abstract = {This study was aimed at assessing the bioavailability of heavy metals in the surface water of the Middleton river which is a tributary of the river Nun located in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria. Samples were collected at points within and around oil and gas installations in the area while control points were chosen farther from identified pollution point sources. Three replicate samples were collected for each sampling and control location on a biannual basis for two months (March and August 2017) to reflect the dry and wet seasons respectively. A total of forty-two surface water samples were analyzed for heavy metals using standard methods as given in APHA. Heavy metal variables which were examined indicated significant difference between the locations and the two seasons under study (p<0.05). Dry season heavy metals mean were: Fe (6.55 ± 2.36 mg/l and 7.39 ± 1.35 mg/l); Cr (0.43 ± 0.09 mg/l and 0.34 ± 0.02 mg/l); Mn (0.22 ± 0.31 mg/l and 0.02 ± <0.01 mg/l) and Zn (0.04 ± 0.03 mg/l and 0.01 ± <0.01 mg/l) representing five sampling and two control locations respectively. Wet season heavy metal mean levels were relatively lower when compared to the dry season and depicted values of Fe (4.91 ± 2.55 mg/l and 5.46 ± 2.09 mg/l); Cr (0.27 ± 0.05 mg/l and 0.23 ± 0.01 mg/l); Mn (0.13 ± 0.25 mg/l and <0.01 ± <0.01 mg/l) and Zn (0.01 ± 0.01 mg/l and <0.01 ± <0.01 mg/l) across five sampling and two control locations respectively. All other heavy metals analyzed such as Cd, Ni, Co, Pb, and Cu was found to be below the detection limit of the GBC Avanta PM A6600 - Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The iron and chromium levels found in the Middleton river exceeded permissible limits of DPR, FME, WHO and NESREA while chromium and zinc were within permissible limits of regulatory stipulations. Lower concentration of heavy metals in the wet season could be due to dilution effects while the absence of undetected heavy metals may depict that activities leaching out this heavy metals are not common in the study area.},
 year = {2017}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Spatial and Seasonal Assessment of Heavy Metals in Surface Waters of the Middleton River in the Niger Delta, Nigeria
AU  - Ayobami Aigberua
AU  - Timi Tarawou
AU  - Cyprian Abasi
Y1  - 2017/11/15
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnrem.20170205.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijnrem.20170205.12
T2  - International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management
JF  - International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management
JO  - International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management
SP  - 94
EP  - 98
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-3061
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnrem.20170205.12
AB  - This study was aimed at assessing the bioavailability of heavy metals in the surface water of the Middleton river which is a tributary of the river Nun located in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria. Samples were collected at points within and around oil and gas installations in the area while control points were chosen farther from identified pollution point sources. Three replicate samples were collected for each sampling and control location on a biannual basis for two months (March and August 2017) to reflect the dry and wet seasons respectively. A total of forty-two surface water samples were analyzed for heavy metals using standard methods as given in APHA. Heavy metal variables which were examined indicated significant difference between the locations and the two seasons under study (p<0.05). Dry season heavy metals mean were: Fe (6.55 ± 2.36 mg/l and 7.39 ± 1.35 mg/l); Cr (0.43 ± 0.09 mg/l and 0.34 ± 0.02 mg/l); Mn (0.22 ± 0.31 mg/l and 0.02 ± <0.01 mg/l) and Zn (0.04 ± 0.03 mg/l and 0.01 ± <0.01 mg/l) representing five sampling and two control locations respectively. Wet season heavy metal mean levels were relatively lower when compared to the dry season and depicted values of Fe (4.91 ± 2.55 mg/l and 5.46 ± 2.09 mg/l); Cr (0.27 ± 0.05 mg/l and 0.23 ± 0.01 mg/l); Mn (0.13 ± 0.25 mg/l and <0.01 ± <0.01 mg/l) and Zn (0.01 ± 0.01 mg/l and <0.01 ± <0.01 mg/l) across five sampling and two control locations respectively. All other heavy metals analyzed such as Cd, Ni, Co, Pb, and Cu was found to be below the detection limit of the GBC Avanta PM A6600 - Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The iron and chromium levels found in the Middleton river exceeded permissible limits of DPR, FME, WHO and NESREA while chromium and zinc were within permissible limits of regulatory stipulations. Lower concentration of heavy metals in the wet season could be due to dilution effects while the absence of undetected heavy metals may depict that activities leaching out this heavy metals are not common in the study area.
VL  - 2
IS  - 5
ER  -

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