Smoking is one of the major causes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The number of women who smoke is increasing and they are at enhanced risk of developing fatal COPD. Symptoms of COPD include frequent coughing, wheezing, whistling, excess phlegm and shortness of breath. According to National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data during 1999 to 2011, the prevalence of COPD among non-Hispanic whites was generally higher contrasted with non-Hispanic blacks and Hispanics. Among women the annual age-adjusted prevalence was higher than in men, especially among young women. It is likely that nutritional status of COPD patients may impact the outcome of the disease. Deficient levels of vitamin D is common among COPD patients. The goal of this study is to further investigate a potential correlation between smoking and serum vitamin D levels as it influences COPD. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2014 datasets were utilized for this study. A 10 ng/mL decrease in vitamin D3 level was associated with an increased number of wheezing and whistling attacks (relative risk (RR) 1.33 (95% CI (1.03, 1.07), P=0.02). There was no evidence of an association between vitamin D2 with the number of wheezing and whistling attacks. Although there was no evidence of an association between vitamin D3 (either lower or higher levels) with bringing up phlegm and coughing, there was marginal evidence P<0.1 of an association between vitamin D2 with bringing up phlegm and coughing. Conclusion: This data confirmed the previous conclusion from an NHANES 2001-2006 investigation that smoking may still influence vitamin D3 levels among women. Further research is necessary to better understand whether vitamin D3 has a positive impact on respiratory health in women because they are more likely to be burdened by the symptoms of COPD.
| Published in | International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences (Volume 12, Issue 2) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20231202.12 |
| Page(s) | 46-55 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group |
NHANES, Cotinine, Vitamin D, Women, Smoking, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
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APA Style
Kiano Manavi, Brenda Alston-Mills, Marvin Thompson, Ethan Davis, Jonathan Allen. (2023). Effect of Smoking on Serum Vitamin D Levels and the Influence on COPD Symptoms Using NHANES 2007 – 2014 Datasets Among Women of Different Ethnic Backgrounds. International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences, 12(2), 46-55. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20231202.12
ACS Style
Kiano Manavi; Brenda Alston-Mills; Marvin Thompson; Ethan Davis; Jonathan Allen. Effect of Smoking on Serum Vitamin D Levels and the Influence on COPD Symptoms Using NHANES 2007 – 2014 Datasets Among Women of Different Ethnic Backgrounds. Int. J. Nutr. Food Sci. 2023, 12(2), 46-55. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20231202.12
AMA Style
Kiano Manavi, Brenda Alston-Mills, Marvin Thompson, Ethan Davis, Jonathan Allen. Effect of Smoking on Serum Vitamin D Levels and the Influence on COPD Symptoms Using NHANES 2007 – 2014 Datasets Among Women of Different Ethnic Backgrounds. Int J Nutr Food Sci. 2023;12(2):46-55. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20231202.12
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Download@article{10.11648/j.ijnfs.20231202.12,
author = {Kiano Manavi and Brenda Alston-Mills and Marvin Thompson and Ethan Davis and Jonathan Allen},
title = {Effect of Smoking on Serum Vitamin D Levels and the Influence on COPD Symptoms Using NHANES 2007 – 2014 Datasets Among Women of Different Ethnic Backgrounds},
journal = {International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences},
volume = {12},
number = {2},
pages = {46-55},
doi = {10.11648/j.ijnfs.20231202.12},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20231202.12},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijnfs.20231202.12},
abstract = {Smoking is one of the major causes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The number of women who smoke is increasing and they are at enhanced risk of developing fatal COPD. Symptoms of COPD include frequent coughing, wheezing, whistling, excess phlegm and shortness of breath. According to National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data during 1999 to 2011, the prevalence of COPD among non-Hispanic whites was generally higher contrasted with non-Hispanic blacks and Hispanics. Among women the annual age-adjusted prevalence was higher than in men, especially among young women. It is likely that nutritional status of COPD patients may impact the outcome of the disease. Deficient levels of vitamin D is common among COPD patients. The goal of this study is to further investigate a potential correlation between smoking and serum vitamin D levels as it influences COPD. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2014 datasets were utilized for this study. A 10 ng/mL decrease in vitamin D3 level was associated with an increased number of wheezing and whistling attacks (relative risk (RR) 1.33 (95% CI (1.03, 1.07), P=0.02). There was no evidence of an association between vitamin D2 with the number of wheezing and whistling attacks. Although there was no evidence of an association between vitamin D3 (either lower or higher levels) with bringing up phlegm and coughing, there was marginal evidence P2 with bringing up phlegm and coughing. Conclusion: This data confirmed the previous conclusion from an NHANES 2001-2006 investigation that smoking may still influence vitamin D3 levels among women. Further research is necessary to better understand whether vitamin D3 has a positive impact on respiratory health in women because they are more likely to be burdened by the symptoms of COPD.},
year = {2023}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Smoking on Serum Vitamin D Levels and the Influence on COPD Symptoms Using NHANES 2007 – 2014 Datasets Among Women of Different Ethnic Backgrounds AU - Kiano Manavi AU - Brenda Alston-Mills AU - Marvin Thompson AU - Ethan Davis AU - Jonathan Allen Y1 - 2023/04/13 PY - 2023 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20231202.12 DO - 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20231202.12 T2 - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences JF - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences JO - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences SP - 46 EP - 55 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2327-2716 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20231202.12 AB - Smoking is one of the major causes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The number of women who smoke is increasing and they are at enhanced risk of developing fatal COPD. Symptoms of COPD include frequent coughing, wheezing, whistling, excess phlegm and shortness of breath. According to National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data during 1999 to 2011, the prevalence of COPD among non-Hispanic whites was generally higher contrasted with non-Hispanic blacks and Hispanics. Among women the annual age-adjusted prevalence was higher than in men, especially among young women. It is likely that nutritional status of COPD patients may impact the outcome of the disease. Deficient levels of vitamin D is common among COPD patients. The goal of this study is to further investigate a potential correlation between smoking and serum vitamin D levels as it influences COPD. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2014 datasets were utilized for this study. A 10 ng/mL decrease in vitamin D3 level was associated with an increased number of wheezing and whistling attacks (relative risk (RR) 1.33 (95% CI (1.03, 1.07), P=0.02). There was no evidence of an association between vitamin D2 with the number of wheezing and whistling attacks. Although there was no evidence of an association between vitamin D3 (either lower or higher levels) with bringing up phlegm and coughing, there was marginal evidence P2 with bringing up phlegm and coughing. Conclusion: This data confirmed the previous conclusion from an NHANES 2001-2006 investigation that smoking may still influence vitamin D3 levels among women. Further research is necessary to better understand whether vitamin D3 has a positive impact on respiratory health in women because they are more likely to be burdened by the symptoms of COPD. VL - 12 IS - 2 ER -
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