Evaluating the Extracts of Water Melon Rind, Alayyaho, Yakuwa and Karikashi as remedy for Protein Energy Malnutrition

Onuoha Ogbonnaya Gideon; Oyeniyi Patience Fumilayo; Adamu Hauwau Zakari; Muhammad Sumayya Thani; Maidawa Chongda Zakmi; Adama Isaiah Ufedo; Lamido Abubakar Umar

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijnfs.20211002.12

Evaluating the Extracts of Water Melon Rind, Alayyaho, Yakuwa and Karikashi as remedy for Protein Energy Malnutrition

Onuoha Ogbonnaya Gideon, Oyeniyi Patience Fumilayo, Adamu Hauwau Zakari, Muhammad Sumayya Thani, Maidawa Chongda Zakmi, Adama Isaiah Ufedo, Lamido Abubakar Umar

Published in International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences (Volume 10, Issue 2)

Received: 26 January 2021 Accepted: 14 February 2021 Published: 26 March 2021

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Abstract

50% of world hungry people live in the third world countries with the worrisome implication among children under age five as a result of malnutrition. This situation persists because cheaper available sources of quality and quantity protein and energy low-cost foods (leaf vegetables and agricultural waste) and simple technologies are not exploited. Result of% yield and mass loss showed loss in mass in the study with Method 3 (with Tsamiya as coagulant) having the least value. The results of chemical composition showed energy content; WRE had the highest value (363.19 Kcal) and least value in KKB (309.63 Kcal). Protein content; YIE had the highest value (33g) and least value in AXT (21g) while carbohydrate content WRE and KKB had the highest value (51.6g) and least value in AXT (44.91g/100g). Result of amino acid profile showed eighteen amino acids (which were higher in quantity than their respective RDA values) of which ten were essential amino acids. The first limiting and second limiting amino acids were methionine and isoleucine respectively. The results of the blood analysis showed albumin value ranged from 3.6 - 3.8 (g/dL), Hematocrit parameters (ASA, ALA and creatinine) and all showed no significant difference (p>0.05) between the diets and the control. Cholesterol values were within the normal range (<150 mg/dL). Result of food intake showed that the rats fed the control had the highest value (327 g) and least value in YIE (276g). PER of all the diet were higher than 2.7. Weight gained were between 38-44 g; EFU (34% - 48%), NPR (3.2 - 4.5) and TD (82% - 95%) and showed no significant difference with the control diet. The result of the functional properties showed BD was highest in sample AXT (12.5) and least in sample YIE (6.61), WAC was highest in sample AXT (12.5) and least in sample YIE (6.61), OAC was highest in sample AXT (12.5) and least in sample YIE (6.61), MD was highest in sample WRE (89.65) and least in sample KKB (85.07), EC was highest in sample KKB (9.115) and least in sample WRE (3.25), FS was highest in sample AXT (28.27) and least in sample WRE (20.75) and PS was highest in sample KKB (23.96) and least in sample WRE (20.64). This study showed that the concentrates can support growth and development especially in infants.

Published in	International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences (Volume 10, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijnfs.20211002.12
Page(s)	43-53
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Protein Concentrate, Leafy Vegetables, Leaf Concentrate Technology, Tsamiya (Tamarind), Agricultural Waste

References

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Onuoha Ogbonnaya Gideon, Oyeniyi Patience Fumilayo, Adamu Hauwau Zakari, Muhammad Sumayya Thani, Maidawa Chongda Zakmi, et al. (2021). Evaluating the Extracts of Water Melon Rind, Alayyaho, Yakuwa and Karikashi as remedy for Protein Energy Malnutrition. International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences, 10(2), 43-53. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20211002.12

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Onuoha Ogbonnaya Gideon; Oyeniyi Patience Fumilayo; Adamu Hauwau Zakari; Muhammad Sumayya Thani; Maidawa Chongda Zakmi, et al. Evaluating the Extracts of Water Melon Rind, Alayyaho, Yakuwa and Karikashi as remedy for Protein Energy Malnutrition. Int. J. Nutr. Food Sci. 2021, 10(2), 43-53. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20211002.12

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Onuoha Ogbonnaya Gideon, Oyeniyi Patience Fumilayo, Adamu Hauwau Zakari, Muhammad Sumayya Thani, Maidawa Chongda Zakmi, et al. Evaluating the Extracts of Water Melon Rind, Alayyaho, Yakuwa and Karikashi as remedy for Protein Energy Malnutrition. Int J Nutr Food Sci. 2021;10(2):43-53. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20211002.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijnfs.20211002.12,
  author = {Onuoha Ogbonnaya Gideon and Oyeniyi Patience Fumilayo and Adamu Hauwau Zakari and Muhammad Sumayya Thani and Maidawa Chongda Zakmi and Adama Isaiah Ufedo and Lamido Abubakar Umar},
  title = {Evaluating the Extracts of Water Melon Rind, Alayyaho, Yakuwa and Karikashi as remedy for Protein Energy Malnutrition},
  journal = {International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences},
  volume = {10},
  number = {2},
  pages = {43-53},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijnfs.20211002.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20211002.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijnfs.20211002.12},
  abstract = {50% of world hungry people live in the third world countries with the worrisome implication among children under age five as a result of malnutrition. This situation persists because cheaper available sources of quality and quantity protein and energy low-cost foods (leaf vegetables and agricultural waste) and simple technologies are not exploited. Result of% yield and mass loss showed loss in mass in the study with Method 3 (with Tsamiya as coagulant) having the least value. The results of chemical composition showed energy content; WRE had the highest value (363.19 Kcal) and least value in KKB (309.63 Kcal). Protein content; YIE had the highest value (33g) and least value in AXT (21g) while carbohydrate content WRE and KKB had the highest value (51.6g) and least value in AXT (44.91g/100g). Result of amino acid profile showed eighteen amino acids (which were higher in quantity than their respective RDA values) of which ten were essential amino acids. The first limiting and second limiting amino acids were methionine and isoleucine respectively. The results of the blood analysis showed albumin value ranged from 3.6 - 3.8 (g/dL), Hematocrit parameters (ASA, ALA and creatinine) and all showed no significant difference (p>0.05) between the diets and the control. Cholesterol values were within the normal range (<150 mg/dL). Result of food intake showed that the rats fed the control had the highest value (327 g) and least value in YIE (276g). PER of all the diet were higher than 2.7. Weight gained were between 38-44 g; EFU (34% - 48%), NPR (3.2 - 4.5) and TD (82% - 95%) and showed no significant difference with the control diet. The result of the functional properties showed BD was highest in sample AXT (12.5) and least in sample YIE (6.61), WAC was highest in sample AXT (12.5) and least in sample YIE (6.61), OAC was highest in sample AXT (12.5) and least in sample YIE (6.61), MD was highest in sample WRE (89.65) and least in sample KKB (85.07), EC was highest in sample KKB (9.115) and least in sample WRE (3.25), FS was highest in sample AXT (28.27) and least in sample WRE (20.75) and PS was highest in sample KKB (23.96) and least in sample WRE (20.64). This study showed that the concentrates can support growth and development especially in infants.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Evaluating the Extracts of Water Melon Rind, Alayyaho, Yakuwa and Karikashi as remedy for Protein Energy Malnutrition
AU  - Onuoha Ogbonnaya Gideon
AU  - Oyeniyi Patience Fumilayo
AU  - Adamu Hauwau Zakari
AU  - Muhammad Sumayya Thani
AU  - Maidawa Chongda Zakmi
AU  - Adama Isaiah Ufedo
AU  - Lamido Abubakar Umar
Y1  - 2021/03/26
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20211002.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20211002.12
T2  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
JF  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
JO  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
SP  - 43
EP  - 53
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2716
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20211002.12
AB  - 50% of world hungry people live in the third world countries with the worrisome implication among children under age five as a result of malnutrition. This situation persists because cheaper available sources of quality and quantity protein and energy low-cost foods (leaf vegetables and agricultural waste) and simple technologies are not exploited. Result of% yield and mass loss showed loss in mass in the study with Method 3 (with Tsamiya as coagulant) having the least value. The results of chemical composition showed energy content; WRE had the highest value (363.19 Kcal) and least value in KKB (309.63 Kcal). Protein content; YIE had the highest value (33g) and least value in AXT (21g) while carbohydrate content WRE and KKB had the highest value (51.6g) and least value in AXT (44.91g/100g). Result of amino acid profile showed eighteen amino acids (which were higher in quantity than their respective RDA values) of which ten were essential amino acids. The first limiting and second limiting amino acids were methionine and isoleucine respectively. The results of the blood analysis showed albumin value ranged from 3.6 - 3.8 (g/dL), Hematocrit parameters (ASA, ALA and creatinine) and all showed no significant difference (p>0.05) between the diets and the control. Cholesterol values were within the normal range (<150 mg/dL). Result of food intake showed that the rats fed the control had the highest value (327 g) and least value in YIE (276g). PER of all the diet were higher than 2.7. Weight gained were between 38-44 g; EFU (34% - 48%), NPR (3.2 - 4.5) and TD (82% - 95%) and showed no significant difference with the control diet. The result of the functional properties showed BD was highest in sample AXT (12.5) and least in sample YIE (6.61), WAC was highest in sample AXT (12.5) and least in sample YIE (6.61), OAC was highest in sample AXT (12.5) and least in sample YIE (6.61), MD was highest in sample WRE (89.65) and least in sample KKB (85.07), EC was highest in sample KKB (9.115) and least in sample WRE (3.25), FS was highest in sample AXT (28.27) and least in sample WRE (20.75) and PS was highest in sample KKB (23.96) and least in sample WRE (20.64). This study showed that the concentrates can support growth and development especially in infants.
VL  - 10
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Onuoha Ogbonnaya Gideon

Department of Food Science and Technology, the Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi, Nigeria
Oyeniyi Patience Fumilayo

Department of Food Science and Technology, the Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi, Nigeria
Adamu Hauwau Zakari

Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, the Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi, Nigeria
Muhammad Sumayya Thani

Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, the Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi, Nigeria
Maidawa Chongda Zakmi

Department of Food Science and Technology, the Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi, Nigeria
Adama Isaiah Ufedo

Department of Food Science and Technology, the Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi, Nigeria
Lamido Abubakar Umar

Department of Food Science and Technology, the Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi, Nigeria

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Onuoha Ogbonnaya Gideon, Oyeniyi Patience Fumilayo, Adamu Hauwau Zakari, Muhammad Sumayya Thani, Maidawa Chongda Zakmi, et al. (2021). Evaluating the Extracts of Water Melon Rind, Alayyaho, Yakuwa and Karikashi as remedy for Protein Energy Malnutrition. International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences, 10(2), 43-53. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20211002.12

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Onuoha Ogbonnaya Gideon; Oyeniyi Patience Fumilayo; Adamu Hauwau Zakari; Muhammad Sumayya Thani; Maidawa Chongda Zakmi, et al. Evaluating the Extracts of Water Melon Rind, Alayyaho, Yakuwa and Karikashi as remedy for Protein Energy Malnutrition. Int. J. Nutr. Food Sci. 2021, 10(2), 43-53. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20211002.12

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AMA Style

Onuoha Ogbonnaya Gideon, Oyeniyi Patience Fumilayo, Adamu Hauwau Zakari, Muhammad Sumayya Thani, Maidawa Chongda Zakmi, et al. Evaluating the Extracts of Water Melon Rind, Alayyaho, Yakuwa and Karikashi as remedy for Protein Energy Malnutrition. Int J Nutr Food Sci. 2021;10(2):43-53. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20211002.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijnfs.20211002.12,
  author = {Onuoha Ogbonnaya Gideon and Oyeniyi Patience Fumilayo and Adamu Hauwau Zakari and Muhammad Sumayya Thani and Maidawa Chongda Zakmi and Adama Isaiah Ufedo and Lamido Abubakar Umar},
  title = {Evaluating the Extracts of Water Melon Rind, Alayyaho, Yakuwa and Karikashi as remedy for Protein Energy Malnutrition},
  journal = {International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences},
  volume = {10},
  number = {2},
  pages = {43-53},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijnfs.20211002.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20211002.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijnfs.20211002.12},
  abstract = {50% of world hungry people live in the third world countries with the worrisome implication among children under age five as a result of malnutrition. This situation persists because cheaper available sources of quality and quantity protein and energy low-cost foods (leaf vegetables and agricultural waste) and simple technologies are not exploited. Result of% yield and mass loss showed loss in mass in the study with Method 3 (with Tsamiya as coagulant) having the least value. The results of chemical composition showed energy content; WRE had the highest value (363.19 Kcal) and least value in KKB (309.63 Kcal). Protein content; YIE had the highest value (33g) and least value in AXT (21g) while carbohydrate content WRE and KKB had the highest value (51.6g) and least value in AXT (44.91g/100g). Result of amino acid profile showed eighteen amino acids (which were higher in quantity than their respective RDA values) of which ten were essential amino acids. The first limiting and second limiting amino acids were methionine and isoleucine respectively. The results of the blood analysis showed albumin value ranged from 3.6 - 3.8 (g/dL), Hematocrit parameters (ASA, ALA and creatinine) and all showed no significant difference (p>0.05) between the diets and the control. Cholesterol values were within the normal range (<150 mg/dL). Result of food intake showed that the rats fed the control had the highest value (327 g) and least value in YIE (276g). PER of all the diet were higher than 2.7. Weight gained were between 38-44 g; EFU (34% - 48%), NPR (3.2 - 4.5) and TD (82% - 95%) and showed no significant difference with the control diet. The result of the functional properties showed BD was highest in sample AXT (12.5) and least in sample YIE (6.61), WAC was highest in sample AXT (12.5) and least in sample YIE (6.61), OAC was highest in sample AXT (12.5) and least in sample YIE (6.61), MD was highest in sample WRE (89.65) and least in sample KKB (85.07), EC was highest in sample KKB (9.115) and least in sample WRE (3.25), FS was highest in sample AXT (28.27) and least in sample WRE (20.75) and PS was highest in sample KKB (23.96) and least in sample WRE (20.64). This study showed that the concentrates can support growth and development especially in infants.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Evaluating the Extracts of Water Melon Rind, Alayyaho, Yakuwa and Karikashi as remedy for Protein Energy Malnutrition
AU  - Onuoha Ogbonnaya Gideon
AU  - Oyeniyi Patience Fumilayo
AU  - Adamu Hauwau Zakari
AU  - Muhammad Sumayya Thani
AU  - Maidawa Chongda Zakmi
AU  - Adama Isaiah Ufedo
AU  - Lamido Abubakar Umar
Y1  - 2021/03/26
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20211002.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20211002.12
T2  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
JF  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
JO  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
SP  - 43
EP  - 53
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2716
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20211002.12
AB  - 50% of world hungry people live in the third world countries with the worrisome implication among children under age five as a result of malnutrition. This situation persists because cheaper available sources of quality and quantity protein and energy low-cost foods (leaf vegetables and agricultural waste) and simple technologies are not exploited. Result of% yield and mass loss showed loss in mass in the study with Method 3 (with Tsamiya as coagulant) having the least value. The results of chemical composition showed energy content; WRE had the highest value (363.19 Kcal) and least value in KKB (309.63 Kcal). Protein content; YIE had the highest value (33g) and least value in AXT (21g) while carbohydrate content WRE and KKB had the highest value (51.6g) and least value in AXT (44.91g/100g). Result of amino acid profile showed eighteen amino acids (which were higher in quantity than their respective RDA values) of which ten were essential amino acids. The first limiting and second limiting amino acids were methionine and isoleucine respectively. The results of the blood analysis showed albumin value ranged from 3.6 - 3.8 (g/dL), Hematocrit parameters (ASA, ALA and creatinine) and all showed no significant difference (p>0.05) between the diets and the control. Cholesterol values were within the normal range (<150 mg/dL). Result of food intake showed that the rats fed the control had the highest value (327 g) and least value in YIE (276g). PER of all the diet were higher than 2.7. Weight gained were between 38-44 g; EFU (34% - 48%), NPR (3.2 - 4.5) and TD (82% - 95%) and showed no significant difference with the control diet. The result of the functional properties showed BD was highest in sample AXT (12.5) and least in sample YIE (6.61), WAC was highest in sample AXT (12.5) and least in sample YIE (6.61), OAC was highest in sample AXT (12.5) and least in sample YIE (6.61), MD was highest in sample WRE (89.65) and least in sample KKB (85.07), EC was highest in sample KKB (9.115) and least in sample WRE (3.25), FS was highest in sample AXT (28.27) and least in sample WRE (20.75) and PS was highest in sample KKB (23.96) and least in sample WRE (20.64). This study showed that the concentrates can support growth and development especially in infants.
VL  - 10
IS  - 2
ER  -

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