Study the Physical Properties of Zinc-Copper-Iron Alloy Coating the Mild Steel Substrate at Various Iron Content for Automobile Applications

Muhammad Haseeb-U-Rehman; Naseeb Ahmad; Muhammad Abbas; Abbas Ayoub

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijmsa.20231206.11

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Study the Physical Properties of Zinc-Copper-Iron Alloy Coating the Mild Steel Substrate at Various Iron Content for Automobile Applications

Muhammad Haseeb-U-Rehman, Naseeb Ahmad, Muhammad Abbas, Abbas Ayoub

Published in International Journal of Materials Science and Applications (Volume 12, Issue 6)

Received: 13 September 2023 Accepted: 20 October 2023 Published: 14 December 2023

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Abstract

The Zinc-Copper-Iron alloy was employed as a surface coating material on a mild steel substrate by the electrochemical deposition to investigate the inherent physical characteristics of underlying Zinc-Copper-Iron alloy material. The metallic films were deposited on the substrate with various Iron contents to investigate what sort of effects Iron content has. For this purpose, four samples (Zinc-Copper, Zinc-Copper-xIron) of Zinc, Copper, and Iron alloy coating on a mild steel substrate were prepared. The electrolytic bath employed in the deposition process was composed of a solution containing 0.15M Zinc Sulfate (ZnSO₄), 0.15M Copper Sulfate (CuSO₄), and varying concentrations (ranging from 0.00M to 0.09M) of Iron Sulfate Heptahydrate (FeSO₄.7H₂O), alongside 0.25M boric acid H₃BO₃) serving as a buffer. This study maintained specific operational parameters at predefined values, including a deposition time of 15-20 minutes, a temperature of 50°C, a current density of 20mA cm^-2, and a pH level of 3. The investigation centered on the analysis of the crystallographic properties of the ternary alloy coating consisting of Zinc, Copper, and Iron, the examination of surface morphology, and the evaluation of mechanical characteristics. The experimental outcomes stemming from the electro deposition process, employing various concentrations of Iron, revealed several noteworthy observations. Specifically, the surface exhibited increase in smoothness, a reduction in average grain size (from 12.3 to 9.7μm) and a general diminishing trend in both lattice constants (from 3.615 to 3.608Å) and crystal size (from 105.898 to 85.944nm).

Published in	International Journal of Materials Science and Applications (Volume 12, Issue 6)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijmsa.20231206.11
Page(s)	83-90
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Electro Deposition, Zn-Cu-Fe Alloy, X-Ray Diffraction, Mild Steel Substrate, Thickness, Morphology

References

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APA Style

Haseeb-U-Rehman, M., Ahmad, N., Abbas, M., Ayoub, A. (2023). Study the Physical Properties of Zinc-Copper-Iron Alloy Coating the Mild Steel Substrate at Various Iron Content for Automobile Applications. International Journal of Materials Science and Applications, 12(6), 83-90. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20231206.11

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ACS Style

Haseeb-U-Rehman, M.; Ahmad, N.; Abbas, M.; Ayoub, A. Study the Physical Properties of Zinc-Copper-Iron Alloy Coating the Mild Steel Substrate at Various Iron Content for Automobile Applications. Int. J. Mater. Sci. Appl. 2023, 12(6), 83-90. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20231206.11

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AMA Style

Haseeb-U-Rehman M, Ahmad N, Abbas M, Ayoub A. Study the Physical Properties of Zinc-Copper-Iron Alloy Coating the Mild Steel Substrate at Various Iron Content for Automobile Applications. Int J Mater Sci Appl. 2023;12(6):83-90. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20231206.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijmsa.20231206.11,
  author = {Muhammad Haseeb-U-Rehman and Naseeb Ahmad and Muhammad Abbas and Abbas Ayoub},
  title = {Study the Physical Properties of Zinc-Copper-Iron Alloy Coating the Mild Steel Substrate at Various Iron Content for Automobile Applications},
  journal = {International Journal of Materials Science and Applications},
  volume = {12},
  number = {6},
  pages = {83-90},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijmsa.20231206.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20231206.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmsa.20231206.11},
  abstract = {The Zinc-Copper-Iron alloy was employed as a surface coating material on a mild steel substrate by the electrochemical deposition to investigate the inherent physical characteristics of underlying Zinc-Copper-Iron alloy material. The metallic films were deposited on the substrate with various Iron contents to investigate what sort of effects Iron content has. For this purpose, four samples (Zinc-Copper, Zinc-Copper-xIron) of Zinc, Copper, and Iron alloy coating on a mild steel substrate were prepared. The electrolytic bath employed in the deposition process was composed of a solution containing 0.15M Zinc Sulfate (ZnSO4), 0.15M Copper Sulfate (CuSO4), and varying concentrations (ranging from 0.00M to 0.09M) of Iron Sulfate Heptahydrate (FeSO4.7H2O), alongside 0.25M boric acid H3BO3) serving as a buffer. This study maintained specific operational parameters at predefined values, including a deposition time of 15-20 minutes, a temperature of 50°C, a current density of 20mA cm-2, and a pH level of 3. The investigation centered on the analysis of the crystallographic properties of the ternary alloy coating consisting of Zinc, Copper, and Iron, the examination of surface morphology, and the evaluation of mechanical characteristics. The experimental outcomes stemming from the electro deposition process, employing various concentrations of Iron, revealed several noteworthy observations. Specifically, the surface exhibited increase in smoothness, a reduction in average grain size (from 12.3 to 9.7μm) and a general diminishing trend in both lattice constants (from 3.615 to 3.608Å) and crystal size (from 105.898 to 85.944nm).
},
 year = {2023}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Study the Physical Properties of Zinc-Copper-Iron Alloy Coating the Mild Steel Substrate at Various Iron Content for Automobile Applications
AU  - Muhammad Haseeb-U-Rehman
AU  - Naseeb Ahmad
AU  - Muhammad Abbas
AU  - Abbas Ayoub
Y1  - 2023/12/14
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20231206.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20231206.11
T2  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JF  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JO  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
SP  - 83
EP  - 90
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2643
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20231206.11
AB  - The Zinc-Copper-Iron alloy was employed as a surface coating material on a mild steel substrate by the electrochemical deposition to investigate the inherent physical characteristics of underlying Zinc-Copper-Iron alloy material. The metallic films were deposited on the substrate with various Iron contents to investigate what sort of effects Iron content has. For this purpose, four samples (Zinc-Copper, Zinc-Copper-xIron) of Zinc, Copper, and Iron alloy coating on a mild steel substrate were prepared. The electrolytic bath employed in the deposition process was composed of a solution containing 0.15M Zinc Sulfate (ZnSO4), 0.15M Copper Sulfate (CuSO4), and varying concentrations (ranging from 0.00M to 0.09M) of Iron Sulfate Heptahydrate (FeSO4.7H2O), alongside 0.25M boric acid H3BO3) serving as a buffer. This study maintained specific operational parameters at predefined values, including a deposition time of 15-20 minutes, a temperature of 50°C, a current density of 20mA cm-2, and a pH level of 3. The investigation centered on the analysis of the crystallographic properties of the ternary alloy coating consisting of Zinc, Copper, and Iron, the examination of surface morphology, and the evaluation of mechanical characteristics. The experimental outcomes stemming from the electro deposition process, employing various concentrations of Iron, revealed several noteworthy observations. Specifically, the surface exhibited increase in smoothness, a reduction in average grain size (from 12.3 to 9.7μm) and a general diminishing trend in both lattice constants (from 3.615 to 3.608Å) and crystal size (from 105.898 to 85.944nm).

VL  - 12
IS  - 6
ER  -

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Author Information

Muhammad Haseeb-U-Rehman

Institute of Physics, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan

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Naseeb Ahmad

Institute of Physics, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan

Contact Email
Muhammad Abbas

Institute of Physics, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan

Contact Email
Abbas Ayoub

Institute of Physics, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan

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APA Style

Haseeb-U-Rehman, M., Ahmad, N., Abbas, M., Ayoub, A. (2023). Study the Physical Properties of Zinc-Copper-Iron Alloy Coating the Mild Steel Substrate at Various Iron Content for Automobile Applications. International Journal of Materials Science and Applications, 12(6), 83-90. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20231206.11

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ACS Style

Haseeb-U-Rehman, M.; Ahmad, N.; Abbas, M.; Ayoub, A. Study the Physical Properties of Zinc-Copper-Iron Alloy Coating the Mild Steel Substrate at Various Iron Content for Automobile Applications. Int. J. Mater. Sci. Appl. 2023, 12(6), 83-90. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20231206.11

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AMA Style

Haseeb-U-Rehman M, Ahmad N, Abbas M, Ayoub A. Study the Physical Properties of Zinc-Copper-Iron Alloy Coating the Mild Steel Substrate at Various Iron Content for Automobile Applications. Int J Mater Sci Appl. 2023;12(6):83-90. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20231206.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijmsa.20231206.11,
  author = {Muhammad Haseeb-U-Rehman and Naseeb Ahmad and Muhammad Abbas and Abbas Ayoub},
  title = {Study the Physical Properties of Zinc-Copper-Iron Alloy Coating the Mild Steel Substrate at Various Iron Content for Automobile Applications},
  journal = {International Journal of Materials Science and Applications},
  volume = {12},
  number = {6},
  pages = {83-90},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijmsa.20231206.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20231206.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmsa.20231206.11},
  abstract = {The Zinc-Copper-Iron alloy was employed as a surface coating material on a mild steel substrate by the electrochemical deposition to investigate the inherent physical characteristics of underlying Zinc-Copper-Iron alloy material. The metallic films were deposited on the substrate with various Iron contents to investigate what sort of effects Iron content has. For this purpose, four samples (Zinc-Copper, Zinc-Copper-xIron) of Zinc, Copper, and Iron alloy coating on a mild steel substrate were prepared. The electrolytic bath employed in the deposition process was composed of a solution containing 0.15M Zinc Sulfate (ZnSO4), 0.15M Copper Sulfate (CuSO4), and varying concentrations (ranging from 0.00M to 0.09M) of Iron Sulfate Heptahydrate (FeSO4.7H2O), alongside 0.25M boric acid H3BO3) serving as a buffer. This study maintained specific operational parameters at predefined values, including a deposition time of 15-20 minutes, a temperature of 50°C, a current density of 20mA cm-2, and a pH level of 3. The investigation centered on the analysis of the crystallographic properties of the ternary alloy coating consisting of Zinc, Copper, and Iron, the examination of surface morphology, and the evaluation of mechanical characteristics. The experimental outcomes stemming from the electro deposition process, employing various concentrations of Iron, revealed several noteworthy observations. Specifically, the surface exhibited increase in smoothness, a reduction in average grain size (from 12.3 to 9.7μm) and a general diminishing trend in both lattice constants (from 3.615 to 3.608Å) and crystal size (from 105.898 to 85.944nm).
},
 year = {2023}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Study the Physical Properties of Zinc-Copper-Iron Alloy Coating the Mild Steel Substrate at Various Iron Content for Automobile Applications
AU  - Muhammad Haseeb-U-Rehman
AU  - Naseeb Ahmad
AU  - Muhammad Abbas
AU  - Abbas Ayoub
Y1  - 2023/12/14
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20231206.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20231206.11
T2  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JF  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JO  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
SP  - 83
EP  - 90
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2643
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20231206.11
AB  - The Zinc-Copper-Iron alloy was employed as a surface coating material on a mild steel substrate by the electrochemical deposition to investigate the inherent physical characteristics of underlying Zinc-Copper-Iron alloy material. The metallic films were deposited on the substrate with various Iron contents to investigate what sort of effects Iron content has. For this purpose, four samples (Zinc-Copper, Zinc-Copper-xIron) of Zinc, Copper, and Iron alloy coating on a mild steel substrate were prepared. The electrolytic bath employed in the deposition process was composed of a solution containing 0.15M Zinc Sulfate (ZnSO4), 0.15M Copper Sulfate (CuSO4), and varying concentrations (ranging from 0.00M to 0.09M) of Iron Sulfate Heptahydrate (FeSO4.7H2O), alongside 0.25M boric acid H3BO3) serving as a buffer. This study maintained specific operational parameters at predefined values, including a deposition time of 15-20 minutes, a temperature of 50°C, a current density of 20mA cm-2, and a pH level of 3. The investigation centered on the analysis of the crystallographic properties of the ternary alloy coating consisting of Zinc, Copper, and Iron, the examination of surface morphology, and the evaluation of mechanical characteristics. The experimental outcomes stemming from the electro deposition process, employing various concentrations of Iron, revealed several noteworthy observations. Specifically, the surface exhibited increase in smoothness, a reduction in average grain size (from 12.3 to 9.7μm) and a general diminishing trend in both lattice constants (from 3.615 to 3.608Å) and crystal size (from 105.898 to 85.944nm).

VL  - 12
IS  - 6
ER  -

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