Genotoxicity Induced by Cellular Uptake of Chitosan Nanoparticles in Human Dental Pulp Cells

Rami Alhomrany; Chang Zhang; Laisheng Chou

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijmsa.20211004.11

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Genotoxicity Induced by Cellular Uptake of Chitosan Nanoparticles in Human Dental Pulp Cells

Rami Alhomrany, Chang Zhang, Laisheng Chou

Published in International Journal of Materials Science and Applications (Volume 10, Issue 4)

Received: 4 June 2021 Accepted: 21 June 2021 Published: 15 July 2021

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Abstract

Objective: Recent in vitro studies have shown that chitosan nanoparticles in several root canal sealers, intracanal medicament, and irrigation solutions could enhance the antimicrobial activity. However, the nanotoxicity of chitosan has not been fully studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate cellular uptake and genotoxicity of various sizes and concentrations of chitosan nanoparticles cultured with human dental pulp cells. Methods: Human dental pulp cells were derived from human dental pulp tissues and cultured for 24 hours with 50 nm and 318 nm FITC-tagged chitosan nanoparticles in concentrations: 0.1 mg/mL, 0.5 mg/mL, and 2 mg/mL as study groups, and 0 mg/mL as a control. The fluorescence intensity of the FITC tagged chitosan nanoparticles was measured using a spectrophotometer to determine the cellular uptake. Genotoxicity was assessed by the Cytokinesis-block micronucleus method and by measuring the fluorescent intensity of the phosphorylated H2AX nuclear foci. Statistical analysis was performed using One-Way ANOVA, post-hoc Tukey, and Chi-square tests. Results: Chitosan nanoparticles were able to internalize the human dental pulp cells and significantly induced micronuclei, nuclear buds, and pH2AX foci at concentrations of 0.5 mg/mL and 2 mg/mL as compared to 0.1 mg/mL (P < 0.01) and control group (P < 0.01). At both concentrations, 0.5 mg/mL and 2 mg/mL, 50 nm chitosan significantly induced higher proportions of micronuclei (P=0.001), nuclear buds (P=0.009), and pH2AX nuclear foci (P=0.00004) as compared to 318 nm chitosan. Conclusion: 50 nm and 318 nm chitosan nanoparticles at concentrations 0.5 mg/mL and 2 mg/mL penetrated human dental pulp cells and induced genotoxicity in dose-dependent and size-associated manners.

Published in	International Journal of Materials Science and Applications (Volume 10, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijmsa.20211004.11
Page(s)	79-86
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Chitosan, Nanoparticles, Dental Pulp, Cellular Uptake, Genotoxicity

References

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APA Style

Rami Alhomrany, Chang Zhang, Laisheng Chou. (2021). Genotoxicity Induced by Cellular Uptake of Chitosan Nanoparticles in Human Dental Pulp Cells. International Journal of Materials Science and Applications, 10(4), 79-86. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20211004.11

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ACS Style

Rami Alhomrany; Chang Zhang; Laisheng Chou. Genotoxicity Induced by Cellular Uptake of Chitosan Nanoparticles in Human Dental Pulp Cells. Int. J. Mater. Sci. Appl. 2021, 10(4), 79-86. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20211004.11

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AMA Style

Rami Alhomrany, Chang Zhang, Laisheng Chou. Genotoxicity Induced by Cellular Uptake of Chitosan Nanoparticles in Human Dental Pulp Cells. Int J Mater Sci Appl. 2021;10(4):79-86. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20211004.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijmsa.20211004.11,
  author = {Rami Alhomrany and Chang Zhang and Laisheng Chou},
  title = {Genotoxicity Induced by Cellular Uptake of Chitosan Nanoparticles in Human Dental Pulp Cells},
  journal = {International Journal of Materials Science and Applications},
  volume = {10},
  number = {4},
  pages = {79-86},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijmsa.20211004.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20211004.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmsa.20211004.11},
  abstract = {Objective: Recent in vitro studies have shown that chitosan nanoparticles in several root canal sealers, intracanal medicament, and irrigation solutions could enhance the antimicrobial activity. However, the nanotoxicity of chitosan has not been fully studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate cellular uptake and genotoxicity of various sizes and concentrations of chitosan nanoparticles cultured with human dental pulp cells. Methods: Human dental pulp cells were derived from human dental pulp tissues and cultured for 24 hours with 50 nm and 318 nm FITC-tagged chitosan nanoparticles in concentrations: 0.1 mg/mL, 0.5 mg/mL, and 2 mg/mL as study groups, and 0 mg/mL as a control. The fluorescence intensity of the FITC tagged chitosan nanoparticles was measured using a spectrophotometer to determine the cellular uptake. Genotoxicity was assessed by the Cytokinesis-block micronucleus method and by measuring the fluorescent intensity of the phosphorylated H2AX nuclear foci. Statistical analysis was performed using One-Way ANOVA, post-hoc Tukey, and Chi-square tests. Results: Chitosan nanoparticles were able to internalize the human dental pulp cells and significantly induced micronuclei, nuclear buds, and pH2AX foci at concentrations of 0.5 mg/mL and 2 mg/mL as compared to 0.1 mg/mL (P P P=0.001), nuclear buds (P=0.009), and pH2AX nuclear foci (P=0.00004) as compared to 318 nm chitosan. Conclusion: 50 nm and 318 nm chitosan nanoparticles at concentrations 0.5 mg/mL and 2 mg/mL penetrated human dental pulp cells and induced genotoxicity in dose-dependent and size-associated manners.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Genotoxicity Induced by Cellular Uptake of Chitosan Nanoparticles in Human Dental Pulp Cells
AU  - Rami Alhomrany
AU  - Chang Zhang
AU  - Laisheng Chou
Y1  - 2021/07/15
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20211004.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20211004.11
T2  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JF  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JO  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
SP  - 79
EP  - 86
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2643
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20211004.11
AB  - Objective: Recent in vitro studies have shown that chitosan nanoparticles in several root canal sealers, intracanal medicament, and irrigation solutions could enhance the antimicrobial activity. However, the nanotoxicity of chitosan has not been fully studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate cellular uptake and genotoxicity of various sizes and concentrations of chitosan nanoparticles cultured with human dental pulp cells. Methods: Human dental pulp cells were derived from human dental pulp tissues and cultured for 24 hours with 50 nm and 318 nm FITC-tagged chitosan nanoparticles in concentrations: 0.1 mg/mL, 0.5 mg/mL, and 2 mg/mL as study groups, and 0 mg/mL as a control. The fluorescence intensity of the FITC tagged chitosan nanoparticles was measured using a spectrophotometer to determine the cellular uptake. Genotoxicity was assessed by the Cytokinesis-block micronucleus method and by measuring the fluorescent intensity of the phosphorylated H2AX nuclear foci. Statistical analysis was performed using One-Way ANOVA, post-hoc Tukey, and Chi-square tests. Results: Chitosan nanoparticles were able to internalize the human dental pulp cells and significantly induced micronuclei, nuclear buds, and pH2AX foci at concentrations of 0.5 mg/mL and 2 mg/mL as compared to 0.1 mg/mL (P P P=0.001), nuclear buds (P=0.009), and pH2AX nuclear foci (P=0.00004) as compared to 318 nm chitosan. Conclusion: 50 nm and 318 nm chitosan nanoparticles at concentrations 0.5 mg/mL and 2 mg/mL penetrated human dental pulp cells and induced genotoxicity in dose-dependent and size-associated manners.
VL  - 10
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Rami Alhomrany

Department of Endodontics, Boston University Henry M Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, USA
Chang Zhang

Department of Restorative Sciences and Biomaterials, Boston University Henry M Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, USA
Laisheng Chou

Department of Restorative Sciences and Biomaterials, Boston University Henry M Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, USA

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APA Style

Rami Alhomrany, Chang Zhang, Laisheng Chou. (2021). Genotoxicity Induced by Cellular Uptake of Chitosan Nanoparticles in Human Dental Pulp Cells. International Journal of Materials Science and Applications, 10(4), 79-86. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20211004.11

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ACS Style

Rami Alhomrany; Chang Zhang; Laisheng Chou. Genotoxicity Induced by Cellular Uptake of Chitosan Nanoparticles in Human Dental Pulp Cells. Int. J. Mater. Sci. Appl. 2021, 10(4), 79-86. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20211004.11

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AMA Style

Rami Alhomrany, Chang Zhang, Laisheng Chou. Genotoxicity Induced by Cellular Uptake of Chitosan Nanoparticles in Human Dental Pulp Cells. Int J Mater Sci Appl. 2021;10(4):79-86. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20211004.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijmsa.20211004.11,
  author = {Rami Alhomrany and Chang Zhang and Laisheng Chou},
  title = {Genotoxicity Induced by Cellular Uptake of Chitosan Nanoparticles in Human Dental Pulp Cells},
  journal = {International Journal of Materials Science and Applications},
  volume = {10},
  number = {4},
  pages = {79-86},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijmsa.20211004.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20211004.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmsa.20211004.11},
  abstract = {Objective: Recent in vitro studies have shown that chitosan nanoparticles in several root canal sealers, intracanal medicament, and irrigation solutions could enhance the antimicrobial activity. However, the nanotoxicity of chitosan has not been fully studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate cellular uptake and genotoxicity of various sizes and concentrations of chitosan nanoparticles cultured with human dental pulp cells. Methods: Human dental pulp cells were derived from human dental pulp tissues and cultured for 24 hours with 50 nm and 318 nm FITC-tagged chitosan nanoparticles in concentrations: 0.1 mg/mL, 0.5 mg/mL, and 2 mg/mL as study groups, and 0 mg/mL as a control. The fluorescence intensity of the FITC tagged chitosan nanoparticles was measured using a spectrophotometer to determine the cellular uptake. Genotoxicity was assessed by the Cytokinesis-block micronucleus method and by measuring the fluorescent intensity of the phosphorylated H2AX nuclear foci. Statistical analysis was performed using One-Way ANOVA, post-hoc Tukey, and Chi-square tests. Results: Chitosan nanoparticles were able to internalize the human dental pulp cells and significantly induced micronuclei, nuclear buds, and pH2AX foci at concentrations of 0.5 mg/mL and 2 mg/mL as compared to 0.1 mg/mL (P P P=0.001), nuclear buds (P=0.009), and pH2AX nuclear foci (P=0.00004) as compared to 318 nm chitosan. Conclusion: 50 nm and 318 nm chitosan nanoparticles at concentrations 0.5 mg/mL and 2 mg/mL penetrated human dental pulp cells and induced genotoxicity in dose-dependent and size-associated manners.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Genotoxicity Induced by Cellular Uptake of Chitosan Nanoparticles in Human Dental Pulp Cells
AU  - Rami Alhomrany
AU  - Chang Zhang
AU  - Laisheng Chou
Y1  - 2021/07/15
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20211004.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20211004.11
T2  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JF  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JO  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
SP  - 79
EP  - 86
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2643
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20211004.11
AB  - Objective: Recent in vitro studies have shown that chitosan nanoparticles in several root canal sealers, intracanal medicament, and irrigation solutions could enhance the antimicrobial activity. However, the nanotoxicity of chitosan has not been fully studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate cellular uptake and genotoxicity of various sizes and concentrations of chitosan nanoparticles cultured with human dental pulp cells. Methods: Human dental pulp cells were derived from human dental pulp tissues and cultured for 24 hours with 50 nm and 318 nm FITC-tagged chitosan nanoparticles in concentrations: 0.1 mg/mL, 0.5 mg/mL, and 2 mg/mL as study groups, and 0 mg/mL as a control. The fluorescence intensity of the FITC tagged chitosan nanoparticles was measured using a spectrophotometer to determine the cellular uptake. Genotoxicity was assessed by the Cytokinesis-block micronucleus method and by measuring the fluorescent intensity of the phosphorylated H2AX nuclear foci. Statistical analysis was performed using One-Way ANOVA, post-hoc Tukey, and Chi-square tests. Results: Chitosan nanoparticles were able to internalize the human dental pulp cells and significantly induced micronuclei, nuclear buds, and pH2AX foci at concentrations of 0.5 mg/mL and 2 mg/mL as compared to 0.1 mg/mL (P P P=0.001), nuclear buds (P=0.009), and pH2AX nuclear foci (P=0.00004) as compared to 318 nm chitosan. Conclusion: 50 nm and 318 nm chitosan nanoparticles at concentrations 0.5 mg/mL and 2 mg/mL penetrated human dental pulp cells and induced genotoxicity in dose-dependent and size-associated manners.
VL  - 10
IS  - 4
ER  -

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