Anti-Flammable Properties of Cotton Fabrics Using Eco Friendly Inorganic Materials by Layering Self-Assisted Processing

Sechin Chang; Brian Condon; Elena Graves; Jade Smith

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijmsa.20180704.11

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Anti-Flammable Properties of Cotton Fabrics Using Eco Friendly Inorganic Materials by Layering Self-Assisted Processing

Sechin Chang, Brian Condon, Elena Graves, Jade Smith

Published in International Journal of Materials Science and Applications (Volume 7, Issue 4)

Received: 20 April 2018 Accepted: 5 May 2018 Published: 22 May 2018

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Abstract

A flame retardant surface has been prepared by the layer-by layer assemblies of branched polyethylenimine (BPEI), kaolin, urea, and diammonium phosphate (DAP) on cotton fabrics. Four different kinds of cotton fabrics (print cloth, mercerized print cloth, mercerized twill, and fleece) were prepared using solutions of BPEI, urea, DAP, and kaolin. Layer-by-layer assemblies for flame retardant properties were applied by the pad-dry-cure method and each coating formula was rotated for 10, 20, 30, or 40 bilayers. To assess the effectiveness to resist flame propagation on treated fabrics of different constructions the vertical flammability test (ASTM D 6413-11) was used. In most cases char lengths of fabrics that passed the vertical flammability tests were less than 50% of the original length and after-flame and after-glow times were less than one second. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and limiting oxygen indices (LOI, ASTM D 2863-09) were also used to test for flame retardancy. All untreated fabrics showed LOI values of about 19-21% oxygen in nitrogen. LOI values for the four types of treated fabrics were greater than 35% when add-on wt% values were between 11.1 – 18.6 wt %. In addition, structural characterizations of treated fabrics were studied by SEM methods.

Published in	International Journal of Materials Science and Applications (Volume 7, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijmsa.20180704.11
Page(s)	115-125
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Cotton Fabric, Flame Retardant, Layering, Flammability Test

References

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APA Style

Sechin Chang, Brian Condon, Elena Graves, Jade Smith. (2018). Anti-Flammable Properties of Cotton Fabrics Using Eco Friendly Inorganic Materials by Layering Self-Assisted Processing. International Journal of Materials Science and Applications, 7(4), 115-125. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20180704.11

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ACS Style

Sechin Chang; Brian Condon; Elena Graves; Jade Smith. Anti-Flammable Properties of Cotton Fabrics Using Eco Friendly Inorganic Materials by Layering Self-Assisted Processing. Int. J. Mater. Sci. Appl. 2018, 7(4), 115-125. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20180704.11

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AMA Style

Sechin Chang, Brian Condon, Elena Graves, Jade Smith. Anti-Flammable Properties of Cotton Fabrics Using Eco Friendly Inorganic Materials by Layering Self-Assisted Processing. Int J Mater Sci Appl. 2018;7(4):115-125. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20180704.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijmsa.20180704.11,
  author = {Sechin Chang and Brian Condon and Elena Graves and Jade Smith},
  title = {Anti-Flammable Properties of Cotton Fabrics Using Eco Friendly Inorganic Materials by Layering Self-Assisted Processing},
  journal = {International Journal of Materials Science and Applications},
  volume = {7},
  number = {4},
  pages = {115-125},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijmsa.20180704.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20180704.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmsa.20180704.11},
  abstract = {A flame retardant surface has been prepared by the layer-by layer assemblies of branched polyethylenimine (BPEI), kaolin, urea, and diammonium phosphate (DAP) on cotton fabrics. Four different kinds of cotton fabrics (print cloth, mercerized print cloth, mercerized twill, and fleece) were prepared using solutions of BPEI, urea, DAP, and kaolin. Layer-by-layer assemblies for flame retardant properties were applied by the pad-dry-cure method and each coating formula was rotated for 10, 20, 30, or 40 bilayers. To assess the effectiveness to resist flame propagation on treated fabrics of different constructions the vertical flammability test (ASTM D 6413-11) was used. In most cases char lengths of fabrics that passed the vertical flammability tests were less than 50% of the original length and after-flame and after-glow times were less than one second. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and limiting oxygen indices (LOI, ASTM D 2863-09) were also used to test for flame retardancy. All untreated fabrics showed LOI values of about 19-21% oxygen in nitrogen. LOI values for the four types of treated fabrics were greater than 35% when add-on wt% values were between 11.1 – 18.6 wt %. In addition, structural characterizations of treated fabrics were studied by SEM methods.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Anti-Flammable Properties of Cotton Fabrics Using Eco Friendly Inorganic Materials by Layering Self-Assisted Processing
AU  - Sechin Chang
AU  - Brian Condon
AU  - Elena Graves
AU  - Jade Smith
Y1  - 2018/05/22
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20180704.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20180704.11
T2  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JF  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JO  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
SP  - 115
EP  - 125
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2643
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20180704.11
AB  - A flame retardant surface has been prepared by the layer-by layer assemblies of branched polyethylenimine (BPEI), kaolin, urea, and diammonium phosphate (DAP) on cotton fabrics. Four different kinds of cotton fabrics (print cloth, mercerized print cloth, mercerized twill, and fleece) were prepared using solutions of BPEI, urea, DAP, and kaolin. Layer-by-layer assemblies for flame retardant properties were applied by the pad-dry-cure method and each coating formula was rotated for 10, 20, 30, or 40 bilayers. To assess the effectiveness to resist flame propagation on treated fabrics of different constructions the vertical flammability test (ASTM D 6413-11) was used. In most cases char lengths of fabrics that passed the vertical flammability tests were less than 50% of the original length and after-flame and after-glow times were less than one second. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and limiting oxygen indices (LOI, ASTM D 2863-09) were also used to test for flame retardancy. All untreated fabrics showed LOI values of about 19-21% oxygen in nitrogen. LOI values for the four types of treated fabrics were greater than 35% when add-on wt% values were between 11.1 – 18.6 wt %. In addition, structural characterizations of treated fabrics were studied by SEM methods.
VL  - 7
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Sechin Chang

United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service - Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, USA
Brian Condon

United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service - Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, USA
Elena Graves

United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service - Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, USA
Jade Smith

United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service - Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, USA

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Sechin Chang, Brian Condon, Elena Graves, Jade Smith. (2018). Anti-Flammable Properties of Cotton Fabrics Using Eco Friendly Inorganic Materials by Layering Self-Assisted Processing. International Journal of Materials Science and Applications, 7(4), 115-125. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20180704.11

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ACS Style

Sechin Chang; Brian Condon; Elena Graves; Jade Smith. Anti-Flammable Properties of Cotton Fabrics Using Eco Friendly Inorganic Materials by Layering Self-Assisted Processing. Int. J. Mater. Sci. Appl. 2018, 7(4), 115-125. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20180704.11

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AMA Style

Sechin Chang, Brian Condon, Elena Graves, Jade Smith. Anti-Flammable Properties of Cotton Fabrics Using Eco Friendly Inorganic Materials by Layering Self-Assisted Processing. Int J Mater Sci Appl. 2018;7(4):115-125. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20180704.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijmsa.20180704.11,
  author = {Sechin Chang and Brian Condon and Elena Graves and Jade Smith},
  title = {Anti-Flammable Properties of Cotton Fabrics Using Eco Friendly Inorganic Materials by Layering Self-Assisted Processing},
  journal = {International Journal of Materials Science and Applications},
  volume = {7},
  number = {4},
  pages = {115-125},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijmsa.20180704.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20180704.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmsa.20180704.11},
  abstract = {A flame retardant surface has been prepared by the layer-by layer assemblies of branched polyethylenimine (BPEI), kaolin, urea, and diammonium phosphate (DAP) on cotton fabrics. Four different kinds of cotton fabrics (print cloth, mercerized print cloth, mercerized twill, and fleece) were prepared using solutions of BPEI, urea, DAP, and kaolin. Layer-by-layer assemblies for flame retardant properties were applied by the pad-dry-cure method and each coating formula was rotated for 10, 20, 30, or 40 bilayers. To assess the effectiveness to resist flame propagation on treated fabrics of different constructions the vertical flammability test (ASTM D 6413-11) was used. In most cases char lengths of fabrics that passed the vertical flammability tests were less than 50% of the original length and after-flame and after-glow times were less than one second. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and limiting oxygen indices (LOI, ASTM D 2863-09) were also used to test for flame retardancy. All untreated fabrics showed LOI values of about 19-21% oxygen in nitrogen. LOI values for the four types of treated fabrics were greater than 35% when add-on wt% values were between 11.1 – 18.6 wt %. In addition, structural characterizations of treated fabrics were studied by SEM methods.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Anti-Flammable Properties of Cotton Fabrics Using Eco Friendly Inorganic Materials by Layering Self-Assisted Processing
AU  - Sechin Chang
AU  - Brian Condon
AU  - Elena Graves
AU  - Jade Smith
Y1  - 2018/05/22
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20180704.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20180704.11
T2  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JF  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JO  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
SP  - 115
EP  - 125
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2643
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20180704.11
AB  - A flame retardant surface has been prepared by the layer-by layer assemblies of branched polyethylenimine (BPEI), kaolin, urea, and diammonium phosphate (DAP) on cotton fabrics. Four different kinds of cotton fabrics (print cloth, mercerized print cloth, mercerized twill, and fleece) were prepared using solutions of BPEI, urea, DAP, and kaolin. Layer-by-layer assemblies for flame retardant properties were applied by the pad-dry-cure method and each coating formula was rotated for 10, 20, 30, or 40 bilayers. To assess the effectiveness to resist flame propagation on treated fabrics of different constructions the vertical flammability test (ASTM D 6413-11) was used. In most cases char lengths of fabrics that passed the vertical flammability tests were less than 50% of the original length and after-flame and after-glow times were less than one second. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and limiting oxygen indices (LOI, ASTM D 2863-09) were also used to test for flame retardancy. All untreated fabrics showed LOI values of about 19-21% oxygen in nitrogen. LOI values for the four types of treated fabrics were greater than 35% when add-on wt% values were between 11.1 – 18.6 wt %. In addition, structural characterizations of treated fabrics were studied by SEM methods.
VL  - 7
IS  - 4
ER  -

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