Model Development and Simulation for Estimating the Moulding Behaviour of River Sand at Different Clay Contents

Ejovwokode Edward Mukoro; Binfa Bongfa

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijmea.20221005.11

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Model Development and Simulation for Estimating the Moulding Behaviour of River Sand at Different Clay Contents

Ejovwokode Edward Mukoro, Binfa Bongfa

Published in International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications (Volume 10, Issue 5)

Received: 9 July 2022 Accepted: 15 August 2022 Published: 16 September 2022

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Abstract

Foundry operatives have been conducting laboratory tests physically and characterizing silica sand of river bed for moulding purposes with a view to ascertaining their properties. This has made flexibility and speed of decision-making difficult during moulding practice. This study was aimed at developing a model and simulation for estimating the moulding behaviour of river Niger coarse sand at different clay contents. Physical tests were carried out on 90 samples of coarse sand/clay/water composition. Experimental data obtained from the physical tests were used to develop modeling equations. The equations were then used to develop the software for simulation. Statistical tests were used to validate the developed models. The GFN of the coarse sand was 42.42%. Grain distribution indicated a normal curve showing the different sizes of sand that aided sand mould compactability. The trend of the relationship properties and clay content indicated linearity in compactability (38-50), green hardness (55-82), green shear strength (0-160) and shatter index (38-55) while an inverse linearity was observed in permeability (150-125). However, green compression strength which maintained a steady positive relationship from 5-9% clay showed a fluctuating pattern up to 13% clay. The model equations predicted the output close to the experimental results using Silica Sand Mould Properties Determination (SSMPD) software. The software was developed using VISUAL BASIC programming language. It is user friendly and runs on Window computer of at least 1 MB RAM and 3.0 GB free hard disk with information on the installation, running and using the application software. This SSMPD has contributed to rapid determination of coarse sand properties for foundry mould practice.

Published in	International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications (Volume 10, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijmea.20221005.11
Page(s)	90-104
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Coarse Sand, Model Equation and Simulation, Foundry Operations, SSMPD Software

References

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[3]	Ayangbesan T; Sule-Adedoyin S & Olaniyan A. (1998). Foundry Technology and Practice. Lagos: Gin. Pub. Nig. Ltd, p78.
[4]	Adikwanduaba, S. (2005). Technology of Foundry Practice. Owerri: Bulfed Nig Ltd, pp 87-100.
[5]	Srinivasan, N. K. (2005). Foundry Engineering. New Delhi: Khanna Publishers, pp49-62.
[6]	Mukoro E. E (2017): Characterization of locally formulated synthetic sand of Idah in Kogi state of Nigeria for large scale foundry practice. Journal of Management and Technology p34-40. Federal Polytechnic Idah. Vol. 14 ISSN: 1595-2010.
[7]	Jain P. I (2003): Principles of Foundry Technology. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill publishing Co pp 92, 93.
[8]	Edoziumo, F. O; Utu, D. G & Nwaeju, C. C (2017). Variation of moisture content with the properties of synthetic moulding sand produced from River Niger sand (Onitsha deposit) and Ukpor clay. International Journal of Research in Advanced Engineering and Technology, 3 (2): 102.
[9]	Mukoro E. E. (2009). A Survey of the Foundry Industry in Nigeria. Bamise Printing and Publishing Press Idah, Nigeria, p 2.
[10]	Aji, D. A; Igu, N; Oseni, M. I; Apata, A. O & Baba, G. (2015). Characterization of River Niger (Idah Deposit), Ochadamu and Uwowo sands for foundry mould production. Journal of Emerging trends in Engineering and Applied Sciences, 295-296.
[11]	Abolarin, M. S; Lawal, S. A & Salawu, A. A. (2010). Effect of moisture content on the moulding properties of River Niger sand using Tudun-Wada clay as a binder. AU. J. T 13 (3) p170 https://www.researchgate.net/…/269221560-
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[15]	Holtzer, M; Danko, R & Kmita, A (2016). Influence of a Reclaimed sand addition to moulding sand with furan resin on its impact on the environment. Water, Air & Soil Polution, 227: 1-12.
[16]	Ganesh, R. C; Manjunath, P; Bharath, B; Mahesh, B. P; Anand, S, D (2019). Comprehensive modeling, analysis and optimization of furan resin-based moulding sand system with sawdust as an additive. Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering. Published online: 20 March 2019 pp 1-24.
[17]	Oke, J. O (2019): Model for Admitting Students for Creative Thinking Trades in Nigerian Technical Colleges. Book of Abstracts. International Conference and Homecoming Faculty of VTE, UNN in collaboration with NKB-LUBRATE NORWAY 2-6/7/2019.
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APA Style

Ejovwokode Edward Mukoro, Binfa Bongfa. (2022). Model Development and Simulation for Estimating the Moulding Behaviour of River Sand at Different Clay Contents. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications, 10(5), 90-104. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmea.20221005.11

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ACS Style

Ejovwokode Edward Mukoro; Binfa Bongfa. Model Development and Simulation for Estimating the Moulding Behaviour of River Sand at Different Clay Contents. Int. J. Mech. Eng. Appl. 2022, 10(5), 90-104. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmea.20221005.11

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AMA Style

Ejovwokode Edward Mukoro, Binfa Bongfa. Model Development and Simulation for Estimating the Moulding Behaviour of River Sand at Different Clay Contents. Int J Mech Eng Appl. 2022;10(5):90-104. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmea.20221005.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijmea.20221005.11,
  author = {Ejovwokode Edward Mukoro and Binfa Bongfa},
  title = {Model Development and Simulation for Estimating the Moulding Behaviour of River Sand at Different Clay Contents},
  journal = {International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications},
  volume = {10},
  number = {5},
  pages = {90-104},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijmea.20221005.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmea.20221005.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmea.20221005.11},
  abstract = {Foundry operatives have been conducting laboratory tests physically and characterizing silica sand of river bed for moulding purposes with a view to ascertaining their properties. This has made flexibility and speed of decision-making difficult during moulding practice. This study was aimed at developing a model and simulation for estimating the moulding behaviour of river Niger coarse sand at different clay contents. Physical tests were carried out on 90 samples of coarse sand/clay/water composition. Experimental data obtained from the physical tests were used to develop modeling equations. The equations were then used to develop the software for simulation. Statistical tests were used to validate the developed models. The GFN of the coarse sand was 42.42%. Grain distribution indicated a normal curve showing the different sizes of sand that aided sand mould compactability. The trend of the relationship properties and clay content indicated linearity in compactability (38-50), green hardness (55-82), green shear strength (0-160) and shatter index (38-55) while an inverse linearity was observed in permeability (150-125). However, green compression strength which maintained a steady positive relationship from 5-9% clay showed a fluctuating pattern up to 13% clay. The model equations predicted the output close to the experimental results using Silica Sand Mould Properties Determination (SSMPD) software. The software was developed using VISUAL BASIC programming language. It is user friendly and runs on Window computer of at least 1 MB RAM and 3.0 GB free hard disk with information on the installation, running and using the application software. This SSMPD has contributed to rapid determination of coarse sand properties for foundry mould practice.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Model Development and Simulation for Estimating the Moulding Behaviour of River Sand at Different Clay Contents
AU - Ejovwokode Edward Mukoro
AU - Binfa Bongfa
Y1 - 2022/09/16
PY - 2022
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmea.20221005.11
DO - 10.11648/j.ijmea.20221005.11
T2 - International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications
JF - International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications
JO - International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications
SP - 90
EP - 104
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2330-0248
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmea.20221005.11
AB - Foundry operatives have been conducting laboratory tests physically and characterizing silica sand of river bed for moulding purposes with a view to ascertaining their properties. This has made flexibility and speed of decision-making difficult during moulding practice. This study was aimed at developing a model and simulation for estimating the moulding behaviour of river Niger coarse sand at different clay contents. Physical tests were carried out on 90 samples of coarse sand/clay/water composition. Experimental data obtained from the physical tests were used to develop modeling equations. The equations were then used to develop the software for simulation. Statistical tests were used to validate the developed models. The GFN of the coarse sand was 42.42%. Grain distribution indicated a normal curve showing the different sizes of sand that aided sand mould compactability. The trend of the relationship properties and clay content indicated linearity in compactability (38-50), green hardness (55-82), green shear strength (0-160) and shatter index (38-55) while an inverse linearity was observed in permeability (150-125). However, green compression strength which maintained a steady positive relationship from 5-9% clay showed a fluctuating pattern up to 13% clay. The model equations predicted the output close to the experimental results using Silica Sand Mould Properties Determination (SSMPD) software. The software was developed using VISUAL BASIC programming language. It is user friendly and runs on Window computer of at least 1 MB RAM and 3.0 GB free hard disk with information on the installation, running and using the application software. This SSMPD has contributed to rapid determination of coarse sand properties for foundry mould practice.
VL - 10
IS - 5
ER -

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Author Information

Ejovwokode Edward Mukoro

Department of Foundry, The Federal Polytechnic Idah, Idah, Nigeria
Binfa Bongfa

Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Federal Polytechnic Idah, Idah, Nigeria

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APA Style

Ejovwokode Edward Mukoro, Binfa Bongfa. (2022). Model Development and Simulation for Estimating the Moulding Behaviour of River Sand at Different Clay Contents. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications, 10(5), 90-104. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmea.20221005.11

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ACS Style

Ejovwokode Edward Mukoro; Binfa Bongfa. Model Development and Simulation for Estimating the Moulding Behaviour of River Sand at Different Clay Contents. Int. J. Mech. Eng. Appl. 2022, 10(5), 90-104. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmea.20221005.11

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AMA Style

Ejovwokode Edward Mukoro, Binfa Bongfa. Model Development and Simulation for Estimating the Moulding Behaviour of River Sand at Different Clay Contents. Int J Mech Eng Appl. 2022;10(5):90-104. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmea.20221005.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijmea.20221005.11,
  author = {Ejovwokode Edward Mukoro and Binfa Bongfa},
  title = {Model Development and Simulation for Estimating the Moulding Behaviour of River Sand at Different Clay Contents},
  journal = {International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications},
  volume = {10},
  number = {5},
  pages = {90-104},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijmea.20221005.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmea.20221005.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmea.20221005.11},
  abstract = {Foundry operatives have been conducting laboratory tests physically and characterizing silica sand of river bed for moulding purposes with a view to ascertaining their properties. This has made flexibility and speed of decision-making difficult during moulding practice. This study was aimed at developing a model and simulation for estimating the moulding behaviour of river Niger coarse sand at different clay contents. Physical tests were carried out on 90 samples of coarse sand/clay/water composition. Experimental data obtained from the physical tests were used to develop modeling equations. The equations were then used to develop the software for simulation. Statistical tests were used to validate the developed models. The GFN of the coarse sand was 42.42%. Grain distribution indicated a normal curve showing the different sizes of sand that aided sand mould compactability. The trend of the relationship properties and clay content indicated linearity in compactability (38-50), green hardness (55-82), green shear strength (0-160) and shatter index (38-55) while an inverse linearity was observed in permeability (150-125). However, green compression strength which maintained a steady positive relationship from 5-9% clay showed a fluctuating pattern up to 13% clay. The model equations predicted the output close to the experimental results using Silica Sand Mould Properties Determination (SSMPD) software. The software was developed using VISUAL BASIC programming language. It is user friendly and runs on Window computer of at least 1 MB RAM and 3.0 GB free hard disk with information on the installation, running and using the application software. This SSMPD has contributed to rapid determination of coarse sand properties for foundry mould practice.},
 year = {2022}
}

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